Intermediate American History, Volume 1

Intermediate American History, Volume 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE GLOBAL HERITAGE OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE (Prior to 1500) TOPIC A: History and the Social Sciences: The Study of People... 1 TOPIC B: Geography and Settlement PART 1: Geographic Terminology... 3 PART 2: United States Geography... 7 PART 3: World Geography and America s Neighbors... 16 PART 4: Geographic Factors and Their Influence on Early Settlement and Culture... 20 TOPIC C: Native American Indian Civilizations... 21 PART 1: Central and South American [Incan, Mayan, Aztec]... 21 PART 2: Eastern Woodland Tribes... 23 PART 3: Peoples of the Plains... 27 PART 4: Pacific Northwest Coast, Arctic, and Great Basin/Plateau Tribes... 28 PART 5: Southwestern Native Civilizations... 29 PART 6: Southeastern Native Civilizations... 31 PART 7: Map-based Geographic Regions of Native Civilizations... 32 PART 1: Matching Questions... 33 PART 2: Fill-in-the-Blank Questions... 34 PART 3: Constructed Response Questions... 36 PART 4: Document-Based Questions... 42 PART 5: Essay Questions... 46 PART 6: True/False Questions... 48 PART 7: "Who Am I?" Questions... 49 CHAPTER TWO EUROPEAN EXPLORATION & COLONIZATION OF THE AMERICAS TOPIC A: European Exploration and Settlement PART 1: Factors Facilitating Exploration and Settlement... 51 PART 2: The Spanish Empire and Its Decline... 53 TOPIC B: Geographic, Political, and Economic Factors of Colonial Settlement PART 1: 13 English Colonies 6 New England... 54 6 Middle Colonies... 56 6 Southern Colonies... 58 6 General Questions... 59 PART 2: French Colonies... 60 PART 3: Spanish and Portuguese Colonies... 61 PART 4: Dutch and Swedish Colonies... 62 PART 5: Map-based Geographical Exploration and Settlement... 64 TOPIC C: Life in New England, Middle, and Southern English Colonies PART 1: Centers of Social, Economic, and Political Life and European Patterns of Development 6 Comparison of Life in Colonies... 68 6 Social Structure and Inequity... 68 6 Role of Religions... 71 6 Survival... 72 6 Political Progress... 72 PART 2: Impact of Geographic and Social Conditions on Life... 75 PART 3: Economics and Triangular Trade... 77 PART 1: Matching Questions... 79 PART 2: Fill-in-the-Blank Questions... 80 PART 3: Timeline Questions... 85 PART 4: Constructed Response Questions... 90

PART 5: Document-Based Questions... 96 PART 6: Essay Questions... 99 PART 7: True/False Questions... 101 PART 8: "Who Am I?" Questions... 103 CHAPTER THREE CREATION OF A NATION TOPIC A: Background Causes of the American Revolution PART 1: French and Indian War and Pontiac s Rebellion... 107 PART 2: Economic Factors... 108 PART 3: Political Factors, American Experiences, and European Background... 109 TOPIC B: Shift From Protest to Separation PART 1: Repressive British Policies and Acts... 110 PART 2: Protest and Expression of Public Opinion... 113 PART 3: Viewpoints Concerning Relationship to Great Britain... 116 TOPIC C: Early Attempts to Govern the Newly-Independent States... 117 TOPIC D: Military and Political Aspects of the American Revolution PART 1: Strategies and Influential Factors in the Outcome of the War... 120 PART 2: Principal Military Engagements... 121 PART 3: Military Leaders... 124 PART 4: Treaty of Paris... 125 TOPIC E: Economic, Political, and Social Changes Caused by the American Revolution... 126 TOPIC F: Question Styles PART 1: Matching Questions... 127 PART 2: Fill-in-the-Blank Questions... 129 PART 3: Timeline Questions... 130 PART 4: Constructed Response Questions... 131 PART 5: Document-Based Questions... 138 PART 6: Essay Questions... 143 PART 7: True/False Questions... 144 PART 8: "Who Am I?" Questions... 146 CHAPTER FOUR EXPERIMENTS IN GOVERNMENT (1776-PRESENT) TOPIC A: Articles of Confederation and the Critical Period PART 1: Need for and Development of a Formal Plan of Government... 149 PART 2: Confederation Government and Its Weaknesses... 150 PART 3: Achievements and Contributions of the Articles of Confederation... 151 TOPIC B: Writing, Structure, and Adoption of the United States Constitution PART 1: Annapolis Convention (1786) and Constitutional Convention (1787)... 152 PART 2: Constitutional Compromises... 154 PART 3: Constitution and Structure of New Government... 155 6 Preamble... 156 6 Executive Branch... 157 6 Legislative Branch... 163 6 Judicial Branch... 169 PART 4: Ratification Process... 171 PART 5: Basic Legal and Political Principles of the Constitution 6 Limited Government and Federalism... 173 6 Checks and Balances... 177 6 Democracy and the Power of the People... 178 PART 6: Bill of Rights... 179 6 Amendment 1 (Freedom of Expression/Press/Religion/Assembly)... 180 6 Amendment 2 (Right to Bear Arms)... 184 6 Amendment 4 (Right to Privacy, Unreasonable Search and Seizure)... 186 6 Amendment 5 (Rights of Accused)... 186 6 Amendment 6 (Due Process of Law)... 188 6 Amendment 8 (Cruel and Unusual Punishment)... 189 6 Amendment 9 (Constitutional Flexibility)... 189 6 Amendment 10 (State s Rights)... 189

PART 7: Provisions for Change in the Constitution... 190 PART 8: Evolution of an Unwritten Constitution... 191 TOPIC C: Modern Civics and Citizenship PART 1: General Questions... 193 PART 2: Responsibilities of the Citizen... 194 PART 3: Relationship of the Citizen to Society... 198 PART 1: Matching Questions... 200 PART 2: Fill-in-the-Blank Questions... 202 PART 3: Constructed Response Questions... 205 PART 4: Document-Based Questions... 211 PART 5: Essay Questions... 216 PART 6: True/False Questions... 223 PART 7: "Who Am I?" Questions... 226 CHAPTER FIVE LIFE IN THE NEW NATION TOPIC A: Early Years of a New Government PART 1: Precedents and Presidency of George Washington... 227 PART 2: Establishing Stability... 229 PART 3: Expanding the Nation s Boundaries (1789-1836)... 232 PART 4: Presidency of Thomas Jefferson... 233 PART 5: Challenges to Stability (1789-1815) 6 Political Parties... 234 6 French Revolution and United States Reaction... 235 6 Alien and Sedition Acts... 236 6 Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions... 236 6 War of 1812... 236 6 Hartford Convention... 238 PART 6: Era of Good Feelings... 239 PART 7: Domestic Affairs After 1815... 239 PART 8: Foreign Policy After 1815... 240 TOPIC B: Jacksonian Era... 242 PART 1: Age of the Common Man... 242 PART 2: Jackson s Native American Indian Policy... 244 PART 3: Sectional Differences... 245 PART 4: Jackson s War on the Bank and Its Impact... 247 PART 5: Whig and Democratic Parties... 249 TOPIC C: Agriculture, Development, and Early Industrialization PART 1: Portrait of the United States in the Early 1800 s... 250 PART 2: Life in Agrarian America... 252 PART 3: Early Industrialization, Technological Changes, and Their Impact... 253 TOPIC D: Social Change, Reform, and Religious Revival in an Industrializing Society (Prior to 1860) PART 1: Education... 258 PART 2: Religion, Charity, and Reform... 259 PART 3: Women s Rights and Suffrage... 260 PART 4: Emergence of American Culture... 262 TOPIC E: Manifest Destiny and Expansion to the Pacific PART 1: Concepts of Manifest Destiny... 264 PART 2: Mountain Men and the Early Frontier... 265 PART 3: Florida (1819)... 266 PART 4: Texas (1836-1845)... 267 PART 5: Oregon Country (1846)... 268 PART 6: Mormon Utah (1847-1849)... 269 PART 7: California Gold Rush (1848)... 270 PART 8: Mexican Cession (1850)... 272 PART 9: Gadsden Purchase (1853)... 273 TOPIC F: Sectionalism: Portrait of the United States in 1860... 274

TOPIC G: Question Styles PART 1: Matching Questions... 276 PART 2: Fill-in-the-Blank Questions... 279 PART 3: Timeline Questions... 284 PART 4: Constructed Response Questions... 286 PART 5: Document-Based Questions... 293 PART 6: Essay Questions... 295 PART 7: True/False Questions... 301 PART 8: "Who Am I?" Questions... 304 PART 9: Geography and Map Questions... 306 CHAPTER SIX AMERICAN CIVIL WAR & RECONSTRUCTION TOPIC A: Underlying Causes of the Civil War PART 1: Territorial Expansion and Slavery (1836-1861)... 309 PART 2: Arguments For and Against Slavery... 312 PART 3: Failure of Political Compromise (1850-1861)... 313 PART 4: Anti-Slavery Movements... 316 TOPIC B: Onset and Events of the Civil War... 318 PART 1: Presidency of Abraham Lincoln... 320 PART 2: Advantages and Disadvantages of the Southern Position... 321 PART 3: Advantages and Disadvantages of the Northern Position... 322 PART 4: Military and Political Dimensions of the War... 323 TOPIC C: Results of the Civil War and Reconstruction PART 1: Emancipation Proclamation and Abolition of Slavery (13 th Amendment)... 327 PART 2: Political Power and Decision Making... 328 PART 3: Impact of the American Civil War... 331 PART 4: Segregation, Jim Crow Laws, and Black Codes... 332 PART 1: Matching Questions... 333 PART 2: Fill-in-the-Blank Questions... 335 PART 3: Timeline Questions... 338 PART 4: Constructed Response Questions... 338 PART 5: Document-Based Questions... 347 PART 6: Essay Questions... 354 PART 7: True/False Questions... 356 PART 8: "Who Am I?" Questions... 359 APPENDIX DETAILED CLASSIFICATION OUTLINE INTERMEDIATE AMERICAN HISTORY, VOLUME 1 CHAPTER 1: Global Heritage of the American People (Prior to 1500)... 363 CHAPTER 2: European Exploration & Colonization of the Americas... 363 CHAPTER 3: Creation of a Nation... 364 CHAPTER 4: Experiments in Government (1776-Present)... 365 CHAPTER 5: Life in the New Nation... 366 CHAPTER 6: American Civil War & Reconstruction... 367 INTERMEDIATE AMERICAN HISTORY, VOLUME 2 CHAPTER 7: Movement Towards an Industrial Society... 369 CHAPTER 8: United States Foreign Policy (1867-1920)... 370 CHAPTER 9: Roaring Twenties, Great Depression, & World War II (1920-1945)... 371 CHAPTER 10: United States Role as a Superpower in the Cold War (1945-1975)... 372 CHAPTER 11: Modern History (1975-Present)... 373 HINT: Many concepts in history cross over multiple time spans and may be located in different chapters of the database. To aid in finding appropriate questions, refer to the detailed curriculum outline found in the APPENDIX of this manual. Also, use the EXAMgen program's "Find" function to locate other related material in all chapters by searching for a keyword.

Intermediate American History, Volume 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER SEVEN MOVEMENT TOWARDS AN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY TOPIC A:Maturing of an Industrial Society PART 1: Government Policies Relating to Industry... 1 PART 2: Growth of United States Industry... 1 PART 3: Growth of the Corporation as a Form of Business... 4 PART 4: Effects of Industrialization on Society... 5 PART 5: Response of Labor to Industrialization... 7 PART 6: Response of the Farmer to Industrialization... 10 TOPIC B: Development of the Frontier (American West) PART 1: General Questions... 12 PART 2: Native American Plains Indians... 12 PART 3: Homestead Act... 14 PART 4: Influence of the Railroad System... 15 PART 5: Cattle Ranching Industry... 17 TOPIC C: Periods of Immigration PART 1: Immigration Experience ( Old and New )... 18 PART 2: Immigrant Discrimination and Prejudice... 21 PART 3: Pluralism, Acculturation, and Assimilation... 24 TOPIC D: Changes in the Social Structure Alter the American Scene PART 1: America Becomes an Increasingly Mobile Society... 27 PART 2: America Becomes a Consumer Society... 29 PART 3: New Leisure Activity and American Culture... 30 TOPIC E: Progressive Movement (1900-1920) PART 1: Social, Political, and Economic Ills Exposed... 31 PART 2: Political Reform... 34 PART 3: Economic Reform 6 Government Response to Industrial Development and Abuses... 37 6 Theodore Roosevelt s Conservationism... 40 PART 4: Education Reform... 41 PART 5: African-American Civil Rights... 41 TOPIC F: Question Styles PART 1: Matching Questions... 42 PART 2: Fill-in-the-Blank Questions... 46 PART 3: Constructed Response Questions... 51 PART 4: Document-Based Questions... 58 PART 5: Essay Questions... 70 PART 6: True/False Questions... 74 PART 7: "Who Am I?" Questions... 76 CHAPTER EIGHT UNITED STATES FOREIGN POLICY (1867-1920) TOPIC A: Overseas Expansion, Imperialism, and Spanish American War PART 1: Overseas Expansion... 79 PART 2: Causes of Imperialist Sentiment... 80 PART 3: Immediate Causes of the Spanish-American War... 82 PART 4: Spanish-American War (1898) and Its Impact on Foreign Policy... 83 PART 5: United States Foreign Policies in Latin America... 84 TOPIC B: World War I PART 1: United States Involvement in World Affairs (1900-1916)... 86 PART 2: Causes of World War I... 88 PART 3: Movement from Neutrality to Involvement in World War I... 89 PART 4: Effects of World War I... 93 PART 5: Bolshevik Revolution (1917)... 94 PART 6: Treaty of Versailles, Fourteen Points, and League of Nations... 95

TOPIC C: Question Styles PART 1: Matching Questions... 98 PART 2: Fill-in-the-Blank Questions... 100 PART 3: Constructed Response Questions... 102 PART 4: Document-Based Questions... 108 PART 5: Essay Questions... 110 PART 6: True/False Questions... 112 PART 7: "Who Am I?" Questions... 114 CHAPTER NINE ROARING TWENTIES, GREAT DEPRESSION, & WORLD WAR II (1920-1945) TOPIC A: Roaring Twenties PART 1: Post-World War I Political Developments... 117 PART 2: United States Isolationism in World Political Affairs... 118 PART 3: Growth of a Consumer Economy and the Rise of the Middle Class... 118 PART 4: Changes in the American Workforce... 120 PART 5: Unprecedented Prosperity Hides Serious Weaknesses... 120 PART 6: Immigration and African-American Migration... 121 PART 7: Leisure Activities and Popular Culture... 125 PART 8: Prohibition and Its Repeal (18th and 21st Amendments)... 127 PART 9: Crash of the Stock Market... 128 TOPIC B: Great Depression PART 1: Start of the Great Depression... 129 PART 2: Responses to Deepening Economic Woes (1929-1933)... 130 PART 3: FDR s New Deal... 132 PART 4: Cultural Environment During the Great Depression... 141 PART 5: Foreign Affairs During the Great Depression... 142 TOPIC C: World War II PART 1: Events Leading to World War II... 143 PART 2: Prewar Alliances... 144 PART 3: Axis Aggression... 144 PART 4: Policy Shift from Neutrality to Active Aid... 146 PART 5: New Military Aspects of the War... 148 PART 6: War on the Home Front... 150 PART 7: End of the War... 151 PART 1: Matching Questions... 152 PART 2: Fill-in-the-Blank Questions... 154 PART 3: Constructed Response Questions... 159 PART 4: Document-Based Questions... 170 PART 5: Essay Questions... 180 PART 6: True/False Questions... 182 PART 7: "Who Am I?" Questions... 184 CHAPTER TEN UNITED STATES ROLE AS A SUPERPOWER IN THE COLD WAR (1945-1975) TOPIC A: Economic Patterns and Trends PART 1: General Questions... 187 PART 2: Consumerism... 189 PART 3: Government Spending... 190 PART 4: Changes in the American Workforce... 192 TOPIC B: Domestic Social Movements PART 1: African-American Civil Rights... 194 PART 2: Hispanic, Mexican, and Latin-Americans... 197 PART 3: Native Americans... 198 PART 4: Feminist Movement... 198 TOPIC C: Demographic Patterns and Trends PART 1: Urban and Suburban Development... 200 PART 2: Shifts in the American Population... 202 PART 3: Population Pressures and Environmental Issues... 204

TOPIC D: Domestic Affairs of Post-World War II Presidents... 207 PART 1: Harry S. Truman (1945-1953)... 207 PART 2: Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961)... 210 PART 3: John F. Kennedy (1961-1963)... 211 PART 4: Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969)... 212 PART 5: Richard Nixon (1969-1975)... 213 TOPIC E: United Nations and Post-World War II Foreign Policy PART 1: United States and the United Nations... 216 PART 2: Postwar Foreign Goals... 218 TOPIC F: The Cold War PART 1: General Questions... 222 PART 2: Iron Curtain... 223 PART 3: Truman Doctrine (1947) and Containment... 223 PART 4: Marshall Plan (1947)... 225 PART 5: Berlin Airlift and Blockade (1948)... 225 PART 6: NATO (1949)... 225 PART 7: Atomic Arms Race and Missile Sales... 226 PART 8: Cold War in Asia (1945-1973)... 227 PART 9: Warsaw Pact (1955)... 232 PART 10: Suez Crisis (1956)... 232 PART 11: Polish Riots and Hungarian Revolution (1956)... 233 PART 12: Bay of Pigs (1961)... 233 PART 13: Alliance for Progress (1961)... 234 PART 14: JFK s Peace Corp (1961)... 234 PART 15: Berlin Wall (1961)... 234 PART 16: Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) and Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963)... 235 PART 17: Détente... 235 TOPIC G: Question Styles PART 1: Matching Questions... 236 PART 2: Fill-in-the-Blank Questions... 238 PART 3: Constructed Response Questions... 241 PART 4: Document-Based Questions... 250 PART 5: Essay Questions... 255 PART 6: True/False Questions... 265 PART 7: "Who Am I?" Questions... 267 CHAPTER ELEVEN MODERN HISTORY (1975-PRESENT) TOPIC A: Economic Patterns and Trends PART 1: General Questions... 269 PART 2: United States Economy 6 Economic Systems... 271 6 Gross National Product and Gross Domestic Product... 271 6 Balance of Trade and Trade Deficit... 272 6 Trade Tariffs and International Competition... 273 6 Supply and Demand... 273 6 Interest Rates and the Federal Reserve System... 275 6 Government Spending, Budget Deficit, and National Debt... 275 6 Taxation... 277 6 Government Regulation of Business... 278 PART 3: Changes in the American Workforce... 278 TOPIC B: Social Patterns and Trends PART 1: Marketing and Media... 282 PART 2: Changing Family Patterns... 284 PART 3: Impact of a Youth-Centered Culture... 284 PART 4: Minority Civil Rights Movements... 284 PART 5: Continuing Feminist Movement... 286 TOPIC C: Demographic Patterns and Trends PART 1: Rise of a Middle Class... 290

PART 2: Shifts in the American Population... 290 PART 3: Modern Immigration... 297 TOPIC D: Domestic Affairs of Modern Presidents (1975-Present) PART 1: Gerald Ford (1975-1977)... 299 PART 2: Jimmy Carter (1977-1981)... 300 PART 3: Ronald Reagan (1981-1989)... 300 PART 4: George Bush (1989-1993)... 302 PART 5: Bill Clinton (1993-2001)... 304 PART 6: George W. Bush (2001-Present)... 305 TOPIC E: United States in World Affairs (After the Collapse of Communism) PART 1: Areas of Conflict and Concern 6 Palestine and Israel (Arab-Israeli Wars, 1948-2002)... 306 6 Iranian Hostage Crisis... 307 6 Africa and Apartheid (1980 s)... 307 6 Central America and South America... 308 6 China... 310 6 Soviet Union... 310 6 Persian Gulf War... 312 6 Bosnia... 313 6 Somalia... 313 6 Crises Related to the Middle East... 314 6 Weapons, Threats of War, and Terrorism... 314 PART 2: Spread of Democracy... 315 PART 3: World Interdependence and Trade... 316 TOPIC F: America Moves Into the 21st Century PART 1: Education... 320 PART 2: Disease... 321 PART 3: Technological Developments... 321 PART 4: Crime and Law Enforcement... 323 PART 5: Emergence of an Environmental Movement... 324 TOPIC G: Question Styles PART 1: Matching Questions... 329 PART 2: Fill-in-the-Blank Questions... 330 PART 3: Constructed Response Questions... 333 PART 4: Document-Based Questions... 341 PART 5: Essay Questions... 350 PART 6: True/False Questions... 368 PART 7: "Who Am I?" Questions... 369 APPENDIX DETAILED CLASSIFICATION OUTLINE INTERMEDIATE AMERICAN HISTORY, VOLUME 1 CHAPTER 1: Global Heritage of the American People (Prior to 1500)... 373 CHAPTER 2: European Exploration & Colonization of the Americas... 373 CHAPTER 3: Creation of a Nation... 374 CHAPTER 4: Experiments in Government (1776-Present)... 375 CHAPTER 5: Life in the New Nation... 376 CHAPTER 6: American Civil War & Reconstruction... 377 INTERMEDIATE AMERICAN HISTORY, VOLUME 2 CHAPTER 7: Movement Towards an Industrial Society... 379 CHAPTER 8: United States Foreign Policy (1867-1920)... 380 CHAPTER 9: Roaring Twenties, Great Depression, & World War II (1920-1945)... 381 CHAPTER 10: United States Role as a Superpower in the Cold War (1945-1975)... 382 CHAPTER 11: Modern History (1975-Present)... 383 HINT: Many concepts in history cross over multiple time spans and may be located in different chapters of the database. To aid in finding appropriate questions, refer to the detailed curriculum outline found in the APPENDIX of this manual. Also, use the EXAMgen program's "Find" function to locate other related material in all chapters by searching for a keyword.