OUR HERITAGE: The PRINCIPLES THAT FORMED US

OUR HERITAGE: The PRINCIPLES THAT FORMED US

1.Predominant theory: Divine Right The origins of this theory are rooted in the medieval idea that God had bestowed earthly power to the king, just as God had given spiritual power and authority to the church, centering on the pope. To disobey the KING is a mortal sin against GOD.

History. 0 AD Jesus- Christianity Peter cornerstone of establishing church 29BC- 476 AD Holy Roman Empire ( 312) Christian Religion official religion 476-1450 Middle Ages = feudalism= King, Lord, Knight, Peasants Roman Catholic Church gains land and wealth. Establishes political connections and authority. Cannon law becomes civil Law. Churches could tax. Italy becomes economic power house. 1215 Magna Charta- Parliament created in England 1300-1600 Renaissance- Art, literature, and luxuries 1517 Martin Luther 95 Thesis 1534 Anglicanism 1536 Calvinism 1650 ( 1600-1700) Isaac Newton = Enlightenment until 1789

2. Christianity Catholics Protestants Anglican Lutheran Calvinism

3. Magna Charta 1215 Conflict between King Jon I and the Barons because the King was spending too much and Continually raising of taxes. Forced him to sign and agree to certain rights. Significant because it LIMITED the government No more absolute rule-a council of twenty-five neutral barons would be created to monitor taxation policies. Freedom of petition Due process Eminent domain No excessive bail and fines No cruel and unusual punishment Speedy and public trial Ability to have confronted witnesses Right to a jury trial It promised the protection of church rights,

4. Martin Luther 95 Thesis- individual faith, no ceremonies, priest equal, stay out of politics. 1517 Protestant Reformation Made the Catholic church angry Widespread message due to the Printing press

5. King Henry VIII 1529-1547 Very loyal Catholic Defender of the Faith Was critical of Luther

6. 6 marriages http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fadcahjn-s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pb4j 29AbQXQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g0ss mwoj0a8

7. Catherine of Aragon ***Catholic*** Married to sickly Arthur older brother of Henry VIII (Consummated?????)

8. Daughter #1 Mary ***Catholic***

9. Divorce requested Pope Claremont II said No annulment with Catherine. King Henry declared Act of Supremacy 1534. He was above the law even church law. Created his own church and called it the Church of England (Anglican church)

10. Anne Boleyn second wife +++Protestant Reformer+++

11. Daughter #2 Elizabeth Tudor Dynasty +++Protestant+++

12. beheaded Ann died

13. Jane Seymour +++protestant+++

14. Edward VIfinally a son rules 1547-1553 Nine years old when his father died

Wives 4,5,6 Anne Cleves -didn t like the looks of her they never consummated Catherine Howard - had an affair -executed Catherine Parr- wealthy widow

16. Mary Daughter of Catherine of Aragon Edward s oldest sister Queen of Scots Catholic church returns as official church 1553-1558 Earns the nickname Bloody Mary Responsible for over 330 deaths because of refusal to obey Catholic Church of Rome.

17. Queen Elizabeth 1558-1603 Daughter of Anne Boleyn Edwards older ( but not oldest) sister (favorite) Tudor Dynasty Protestant but tolerant Never marries, called the VIRGIN Queen No children Rules for over 40 years

Henry VII Arthur Henry VIII Margaret Mary Mary I "Bloody Mary" Elizabeth I Edward VI James V King of Scotland Mary Stuart Queen of Scotland James I Charles I Civil War Commonwealth Oliver Cromwell Charles II "Merry Monarch" James II

18. James VI (James I) 1603-1626 James VI of Scots Absolute Monarch Parliament Puritan Anglicans Catholic King James Bible ( English) Oath of allegiance- Anti Pope King charted Jamestown, VA colony 3 children Henry, Elizabeth, Charles Arranges marriage of Charles to Catholic Henry dies of Typhoid at age 18, 1612

19. Charles I 1626-1649 Son of James I Marries Catholic princess- Henrietta Was more harsh than James Parliament unhappy 11 years of Tyranny as he disbanded Parliament Executed- First public execution of a Monarchy. Seven children, Anne, Henry, James, Mary*, Charles II

20.English Petition of Rights 1628 Parliament got fed up with Charles I & refused to give him money unless signed Petition of Rights in King could not jail people without a good reason (5 th Amendment) King could not make taxes without Parliament's approval. ( Article I) King could not keep his soldiers in peoples homes & could not use army to maintain order during peacetime. ( 3 rd Amendment) Right to petition government ( 1 st Amendment) No excessive bail and fines (8 th Amendment) No cruel and unusual punishment ( 8 th Amendment) Jury trial (7 th Amendment)

21. England establishes a Common Wealth No More King English Civil War 1642-1647 Rule by Oliver Cromwell,1649-1660 Dictatorship Life in the Commonwealth was harsh because it was led by Cromwell & the Puritans; Forced strict religious rules on people of England: It was illegal to go to theaters & sporting events; merrymaking & amusement were illegal Citizens hated living this way & began to want to bring back a king again

22. Restoration 1660 People grew tired of the severe, religious rule of Oliver Cromwell & the Puritans; many wanted a king again In 1660, Charles I s son became King of England Charles II was called the Merry Monarch because he brought back theatres, sporting events, dancing & he got along with Parliament!! Restore monarchy- King Charles II ( mother is Catholic) son of Charles I Friendly religious Toleration Has no heir ( 12 illegitimate children) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=raawvvferva

*Charles II learned from the lessons of his father & grandfather: *Did not try to rule by Divine Right & did not threaten Parliament s authority *Passed Habeas Corpus Law everyone guaranteed a trial after arrest; cannot be held in jail forever *Anglicanism was official religion, but treated Puritans & Catholics equally

BUT, there were problems: *Charles II needed more money than Parliament was willing to give; so he made a secret agreement with Louis XIV of France to convert to Catholicism in exchange for money *Charles II had no children; when he died, his openly-catholic brother James II will be king (Parliament's worst fear!!)

Henry VII Arthur Henry VIII Margaret Mary Mary I "Bloody Mary" Elizabeth I Edward VI James V King of Scotland Mary Stuart Queen of Scotland James I Charles I Charles II James II

23. James II or James VI Charles dies of stroke James II of England, a Catholic attempts to impose national Catholic religion. 1685-1688 Last Catholic to ever reign in England Flees England to France

24. Glorious Revolution 1689 William and Mary Dual Monarchy Mary is oldest daughter of James II Protestant

James I & VI 1566 1625 Charles I 1600 1649 Elizabeth 1596 1662 George 1582 1641 Mary 1631 1660 Charles II 1630 1685 James II & VII 1633 1701 Sophia 1630 1714 Ernest Augustus 1629 1698 George William 1624 1705 William III & II 1650 1702 Mary II 1662 1694 Anne 1665 1714 James 1688 1766 George I 1660 1727 Sophia Dorothea 1666 1726 William 1689 1700 George II 1683 1760 Sophia Dorothea 1687 1757

25. English Bill of Rights 1689 King IN Parliament Not King and Parliament King not above law Limited Monarchy William and Mary swore an oath that they would govern the people of England. Parliament passed the Bill of Rights. This passage made it clear that Parliament was in control.

English Bill of Rights 1689 Freedom of Petition Right to bear arms Quartering troops Due process No excessive bail or fines No cruel and unusual punishment

All the rest Anne- 1702-1714 King George I 1714-1727 King George II 1727-1760 King George III 1760-1820 Colinist will declare their Indepence