Chapter 18: China s Contacts with the Outside World Guiding Question: How did the foreign-contact policies of three medieval Chinese dynasties affect China? Name: Due Date: Period: A Royal Decree by Ms. Fielden: You Must Use Complete Sentences!
Chapter Preview The Johnsons have moved into a new neighborhood. They are trying to decide if they want to have an open or closed-door policy towards their neighbors. If they have an open-door policy, they will invite neighbors to parties, ask for and perform favors for them, and borrow from and lend things to them. If they have a closed door policy, they will keep to themselves and not interact with their neighbors at all. In the T-Chart below, write two arguments in favor of open-door policy and two arguments in favor of closed-door policy. Argument for Open-Door Policy Argument for Closed-Door Policy Vocabulary Complete the chart below for the vocabulary terms for this chapter. Term Mongols Definition Foreign rulers of China from Mongolia who established the Yuan dynasty Ming The dynasty that ruled China after the overthrow of the Yuan Maritime Relating to the sea Tributary A conquered country or territory that pays tribute to the conquerer
Section 18.2: Foreign Contacts Under the Tang Dynasty 1. Describe attitudes towards and characteristics of the following early in the Tang dynasty and toward the end of the Tang dynasties Foreigners Buddhists Trade Routes Early Tang Welcomed foreigners and new cultures and goods Foreigners were living in China near seaports Buddhism became major part of Chinese life and many converted Brought wealth and culture Used the Silk Road as a main trade route Exported goods FROM China and imported goods TO China End of Tang Restricted foreigners and became less welcomed Violence against foreign merchants Resented foreigners Resented all the money that Buddhist monasteries got Saw Buddhism as a foreign religion and attacked it Attacked Buddhist monasteries and monks Trade continued Started to trade more via the sea instead of Silk Road 2. To what degree did emperors of the Tang dynasty pursue a closed or open-door policy? Explain your answer. Emperors started out very open during the Tang dynasty, but became more closed off as the dynasty progressed. They were never completely closed because they continued to trade, so I would say that they were in the middle, but leaning more towards closed-door since they became really wary of foreigners and even turned to violence in some cases 3. Place an X at the appropriate spectrum to indicate your answer. Closed-Door Open-Door
Section 18.3: Foreign Contacts Under the Yuan Dynasty 1. List four ways in which China was affected by thriving trade during the Yuan dynasty. -Trade along the silk road flourished and there was cultural diffusion. -Christian missionaries brought the religion and new ideas to China, even converting some people - Sea trade flourished- new goods from countries like India, Sri Lanka, Java -New skills and knowledge brought to China, which advanced them in various fields such as medicine, math, astronomy, water management. Also brought new inventions 2. Describe the role of foreigners in China during the Yuan dynasty. Then, explain how the Chinese felt about this. -Foreigners (not Chinese) were treated well during this time because the Mongols valued foreigners. They could travel freely, didn t have to pay taxes, could hold government jobs, and could speak in languages the Chinese were forbidden to learn. The Chinese resented the Mongol rule because they were not treated as well. There were restrictions placed on them and they were at the bottom of the social order. They hated being ruled by foreigners, especially because many were dishonest. This furthered the Chinese s distrust of foreigners. 3. To what degree did emperors of the Yuan dynasty pursue a closed or open-door policy? Explain your answer. China had a very open-door policy during the Yan dynasty. Most of the government was run by foreigners, and people from places other than China were given more rights and privileges in society. During the Yuan dynasty, foreigners were not only welcomed; they were superior. 4. Place an X at the appropriate spectrum to indicate your answer. Closed-Door Open-Door
Section 18.4: Foreign Contacts Under the Ming Dynasty 1. What belief led China to acquire tributaries during the Ming dynasty? During the Ming dynasty, the Chinese saw themselves as the most civilized and important country in the world. Because of this belief, the Chinese believed that other countries should also acknowledge this and give China rewards (tribute) in return. 2. Explain the purpose and result of Zheng He s expeditions. Zheng He was sent by Emperor Chengzu to sail around the world in order to display China s power, give gifts to other nations, and to collect tribute from other countries/tributaries. As a result of Zhen He s expeditions, China acquired (gained) at least 30 more tributaries. Zheng He also brought back new and luxury goods such as medicinal herbs, spices, sashes made with gold and pearls, and exotic animals like zebras and giraffes. 3. Describe what happened as the Ming dynasty turned inward in the mid-1400s. As the Ming dynasty turned inward, the emperor forbade Chinese people to travel outside of the country and they severely limited contact between foreigners and Chinese. They stopped exploring and visiting other nations completely and they wanted their government and country to be united and focused on traditional Chinese values. Eventually, the strictness caused peasants to revolt and end the Ming dynasty. 4. To what degree did emperors of the Ming dynasty pursue a closed or open-door policy? Explain your answer. The Ming dynasty really had a balance of open and closed-door policies because it started out very open; The Chinese sailed around the world, acquired new tributaries, brought back foreign goods. However, after the death of Zheng He, the Chinese completely turned as far inward as possible and cut off all ties with foreigners. Because of these two extremes, I would say it was right in the middle. 5. Place an X at the appropriate spectrum to indicate your answer. Closed-Door Open-Door
Processing You are a Ming emperor. You must decide whether China should have an opendoor or a closed-door policy toward the foreigners. In the space below, write your decision in the form of a royal proclamation. Then give five reasons that support your decision. Illustrate each of your reasons. For example, you might write, Contact with foreigners benefits China because foreign merchants bring us luxuries, such as pearls. You might illustrate this sentence with a pearl. Royal Proclamation Made by: ANSWERS WILL VARY