AP European History Chapter 14: Reform and Renewal in the Christian Church Name: Period: Complete the graphic organizer as you read Chapter 14. DO NOT simply hunt for the answers; doing so will leave holes in your understanding of the text. Be sure to include details regarding political/diplomatic, cultural/intellectual and social/economic themes. I. The Condition of the Church (ca 1400-1517) a. Damaged Prestige Explain how each even damaged the prestige of the Catholic Church Crusades Babylonian Captivity Great Schism What did reformers want to do? b. Signs of Disorder What three issues did critics focus on? 1. 2. 3.
Explain the role that each of the following issues/individuals played in leading up to the Reformation: Celibacy Clergy Absenteeism/Pluralism Thomas Wolsey Renaissance Popes (in general) c. Signs of Vitality Describe the signs of Vitality: II. Martin Luther & the Birth of Protestantism a. Biographical Information b. Beliefs
c. The Ninety-Five Theses Explain the sequence of events that led Martin Luther to post his Ninety-Five Theses: What is an indulgence? What are the three main principles of indulgences? 1. 2. 3. Describe the causes & consequences of the Diet of Worms: Who is Ulrich Zwingli? Describe his beliefs:
d. Protestant Thought: List & Describe Luther s Four Main Issues Religion Catholicism Lutheranism Zwinglism Calvinism Beliefs
e. Social Impact of Luther s Beliefs Peasants Women Images in Society How did Protestants (especially in the Netherlands) furnish their churches? How did Catholics & Protestants use religious art? III. Germany and the Protestant Reformation a. The Holy Roman Empire How did the HRE differ from other major powers of the era? What characterized Germany at this time? For what reasons did the various electors respond to Luther s calls for religious reform? How did Charles V accumulate such a diverse empire? What kept this empire together?
b. Rise of the Hapsburg Empire Draw the Hapsburg family tree in the space provided: c. The Political Impact of Luther s Beliefs Describe the impact of each of the following people/events/decisions on the political climate of Europe Appeal to Christian Nobility of the German Patriotism Nation Diet of Worms Disaster for Germany Peace of Augsburg (1555)
IV. The Growth of the Protestant Reformation Beliefs Important Locations Significant Events Role of Women a. Calvinism b. Anabaptism c. The English Reformation Describe the state of the Catholic Church in England at the beginning of the 16 th century: Detail how the Reformation in England was an act of state initiated by the king s emotional life: Why couldn t Pope Clement grant Henry VIII s request for an annulment?
What was the Supremacy Act (1534)? Why did Henry VIII marry each of the following women? Catherine of Aragon Anne Boleyn Jane Seymore How did the English Reformation combine personal, political, social and economic elements? Personal Political Social Economic The Church of England (Anglican Church or Episcopalian Church) Popular Reaction Beliefs Efforts of Sir Thomas More
What impact did each of the following rulers have upon the Church of England? Edward VI Mary Tudor Elizabeth I d. The Establishment of the Church of Scotland Important People Beliefs Political Impact What was impact of Protestantism in Ireland? What was the impact of Protestantism in Sweden, Norway & Denmark?
V. The Catholic Reformation and Counter-Reformation What is the difference between the Catholic Reformation and the Counter-Reformation? a. The Slowness of Institutional Reforms Reasons b. The Council of Trent Dates Goals Achievements c. New Religious Orders Name The Ursuline Nuns The Society of Jesus Founder Purpose Methods Describe the Index of Prohibited Books
VI. The Document-Based Question (DBQ) a. Please read the Introduction on page A-2 (at the end of the textbook). Keep that in mind as you examine the documents on page A-5. DBQ 2: Reform and Renewal in the Christian Church Question: Discuss to what extent the religious schism during the sixteenth century was symptomatic of political, social and economic problems Document Document 1: Martin Luther, Address to the Christian Document 2: Martin Luther, Against the Murderous, Document 3: The Twelve Articles, 1524 Document 4: The Act of Supremacy, 1534 Nobility, 1520 Thieving Hordes, 1525 Summary Point of View Write a thesis statement that specifically addresses the above question:
In the space below, outline how you would answer one of the following Free Response Essay Questions 1. Analyze the impacts of the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Reformation (Counter Reformation) on the social order of sixteenth-century Europe. 2. Evaluate the influence of Renaissance humanism on Catholic reforms and the Protestant Reformation. 3. Analyze the aims, methods and degree of success of the Catholic Reformation (Counter-Reformation) in the 16 th century.