The Bible during the Middle Ages 英三 A 98121113 Angela 98121124 Pingo 98121142 Anita 英三 C 98121386 Jessie 98121384 Jeff
Outline Importance of the Bible during the middle ages The ways of reproduction Forms: Allegory, Codex, Illuminated Bible, Gutenberg Bible.
The importance of Bible during the middle ages 1.Moral standard 2.Most religion literature is based on the Bible
1.Moral standard A. Background: Germanic peoples in Scandinavia moved to the South Slavic peoples moved to east Europe and south Europe, etc Islam country in the seventh century became stronger and stronger, intruding the countries along the Mediterranean Sea
Migration frequent war merging Common point: God large ethic power maintain unified belief and value in Europe
2.Most religion literature is based on the Bible Theologian s compiling and re-editing Bible was most translated. Dominating all the cultural activities In Protestant Reformation, Bible was translated into many languages
How were they reproduced and used? Codex Illuminating Bible Fable
Allegory Allegory was even seen in the natural world, as animals, plants, and even nonliving things were interpreted in books called bestiaries as symbols of Biblical figures and morals
Allegory in the Middle Ages Allegory in the Middle Ages was a vital element in the synthesis of Biblical and classic tradition into what would become recognizable as Medieval culture
Four types of allegory literal interpretation typological interpretation moral (or tropological interpretation anagogical interpretation
The History of Bible
each codex typically contained only a portion of the Bible What is Codex? A codex is written scripture that has been created by one or more people the ancient forerunner of the modern-day book Written on papyrus or parchment
Codex Vaticanus The Codex is named for the residence in the Vatican Library Written in Greek,neatly uncial letters Finish by three people at 4 th century
Codex Sinaiticus Found at an abbey by the Mount Sinai in 19 th century Finish at 4 th century Containing complete NT codex
Illuminated Bible Leaves (12 th 15 th century)
What is an Illuminated Bible? An illuminated Bible is a Bible in which the text is supplemented by the addition of decoration, such as decorated initials, borders (marginalia) and miniature illustrations. http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=p09nw3v_j Rg&feature=related
Illuminated Bible Leaves (12 th 15 th century) During medieval times, the beginnings of chapters of Christian manuscripts were often distinguished by the embellishment of initial letters with precious paints and sometimes images.
How is an Illuminated Bible Produced? http://www.youtube.com/watch?nr=1&v= Oa8gMb0YC68&feature=endscreen
The importance The intent was to fill the reader with wonder and awe befitting the sacred page of Scripture. Through the reflection of color and light, the worshiper could absorb into the soul the meaning of the work in accordance with traditional meditative modes of reading Scripture known as lectio divina. Illuminated Jewish and Christian biblical manuscripts represent some of the finest artwork and craftsmanship ever produced.
Gutenberg Bible The Gutenberg Bible (also known as the 42-line Bible, the Mazarin Bible or the B42) was the first major book printed with movable type in the West and the first major book produced on a printing press anywhere in the world. It marked the start of the "Gutenberg Revolution" and the age of the printed book in the West. Widely praised for its high aesthetic and artistic qualities, the book has an iconic status. It is an edition of the Vulgate, printed by him, in Germany, The 36-line Bible is also sometimes referred to as a Gutenberg Bible, but is likely the work of another printer.
What is the Gutenberg Bible? Before Gutenberg, every book produced in Europe had to be copied by hand. (Although the Chinese had been mass producing books since the ninth century.) We know for certain about this first printed Bible from a letter of 12 March 1455. On that day Pope Pius II, reported that in Frankfurt, the year before, a marvellous man had been promoting the Bible. Pope had seen parts of it and it had such neat lettering that one could read it without glasses. Every copy had been sold.
Who was Gutenberg? In the mid-15th century Johann Gutenberg invented a mechanical way of making books. This was the first example of mass production in Europe. He was born about 1400, the son of a rich family in Mainz, Germany. While still a young man, he left for political reasons and settled in Strasbourg. In an attempt to make money, he set up a number of innovative schemes. He may have experimented with printing even at that stage, but probably did not begin until he returned to Germany in around 1448, when he borrowed a large sum of money.
Influence on later Bibles The Gutenberg Bible had an incalculable effect on the history of the printed book. Textually, it also had an influence on future editions of the Bible. It provided the model for several later editions, including the The Gutenberg Bible also had an influence on the Clementine edition of the Vulgate commissioned by the Papacy in the late sixteenth century.