Write down one fact or question about the Renaissance.

Unit 2: Protestant Reformation Do now Denominations Christian Humanism Desiderius Erasmus Exit-slip I can explain the Denominations of the Catholic Church. By: Mr. Washington Just the Facts World History The Reformation 29:49 Do Now: Write down one fact or question about the Renaissance. Denominations: Weakened the Catholic Church What is the Protestant Reformation? A religious movement in the 1500's that split the Christian church in Western Europe and led to the establishment of a number of new churches People grew displeased with the churches... Financial corruption Abuse of power Immorality The Protestant Reformation 1:36 1

Christian Humanism Christian Humanists believed in the ability of human beings to reason and improve themselves Christian Humanists wanted to reform the Catholic Church Desiderius Erasmus The Humanist Movement 2:14 Lived from 1466-1536 Best known Christian Humanist because he developed "the philosophy of Christ" which meant to show people live good lives on a daily basis rather that how to achieve salvation Erasmus remained committed to reforming the Church from within He also held to Catholic doctrines such as that of free will Known as the father of the Reformation Thomas More Humanism was introduced to England by Italians living there One of the people Humanism reached was Sir Thomas More More s best known Humanist work is the novel Utopia The book was meant for a humanist audience, and it was widely read across Europe Utopia contains both a criticism of English government and society and a vision of a perfect, but nonexistent, society based on reason The title has become a common word for any ideal society Was executed by Henry VIII, King of England Exit-slip Denominations are just basically broken parts of Who is known as the father of the Reformation? Do now Continue early reformers The Great Schism Great Schism Activity Exit-slip I can describe how the early reformers started the Protestant Reformation. I can explain how the Great Schism divided the Catholic Church. Do Now: In detail explain who Desiderius Erasmus is. 2

John Wycliffe Lived from 1324-1384 Interested in authority of clergy People should be able to interpret and read the Bible on their own Lived during Western Schism Declared a heretic after his death; body exhumed and destroyed Jan Hus Lived from 1324-1384 He wanted Bishops elected and not appointed by the Pope Spiritual leader of the Moravian Church At the Council of Constance, he made his case but he was burned at the stake for his beliefs Johann Tetzel German, Catholic preacher known for selling indulgences for Pope Leo X Coined the phrase, "As soon as a coin in the coffer rings/the soul from purgatory springs" The accusation that he had sold full forgiveness for sins, caused a great scandal It was believed that all of the money Tetzel raised was for the ongoing reconstruction of St. Peter's Basilica Tetzel was later condemned for immortality Pope Gregory XI The Great Schism (Western Schism) In 1378, Pope Gregory XI died The College of Cardinals in Rome selected an Italian Pope (Pope Urban VI) A few months later, the French cardinals in Avignon selected a French Pope (Pope Clement VII) So there were two different, in two different The Great Schism 1:56 cities, claiming to be the Pope For over thirty years, Christendom was divided over which pope to support as the spiritual leader of the church In 1409, the cardinals met again and selected a third pope to unite the two sides (Alexander V) However, the other popes were unwilling to give up their power, so now there were three popes vying for authority Great Schism Cont. Urban VI Alexander V Clement VII The existence of multiple Popes: Lessened the reputation and prestige of the Church Diminished the pope's authority Made secular rulers think they could dictate Church policies Finally between 1414 and 1418, the cardinals deposed the Avignon Pope, induced the Roman Pope to resign, and elected one Pope for the entire Catholic Church (Martin V) 3

Great Schism Activity Develop four Newspaper Headlines for the elections of the four Popes and write a short article for each headline Exit-slip Explain the Great Schism. Do now Sparks of the Reformation Printing Press Start Martin Luther Exit-slip I can explain how the development of the printing press influenced the spread of religious ideas of the Reformation. I can describe how Martin Luther was a key figure of the Reformation. Do Now: The was when the Catholic Church was divided with three popes. What happened to spark the Reformation? Pope Leo X needed money to build St. Peter s Basilica so he sell s indulgences Indulgences-Were pardons issued by the pope that people could buy to reduce a soul s time in purgatory 4

Language Barriers Most uneducated people didn t understand Latin, but knew the local common language (vernacular) Almost all Bibles were written in Latin before the Reformation It was the job of the church clergy to translate the Bible to people Important Development that aided the Reformation!!! The Printing Press!!!! Books were available to the masses and not just the rich (faster production, cheaper books) People had access to book whenever they wanted them Reformation 2:13 Printing Press= 36,000 pages per workday Hand Printings= 40 pages per workday Martin Luther Martin Luther 4:14 After surviving a violent storm, he vowed to become a monk Luther was a German monk and professor of theology (religion) at the University of Wittenberg Luther translated the Bible to German and believed that people should be able to interpret the Bible for themselves He visited Rome early in his career He saw other clergy acting sinfully and began to question church doctrine He did not believe the church could provide salvation Acceptance into heaven by forgiveness of sins Luther s Issues with the Catholic Church Luther had two major problems with the Catholic Church: Indulgences Justification Luther believed that the Bible was a the ultimate authority not the pope or clergy Luther s Beliefs Luther disagreed with the indulgences because he said only God could forgive sins, not man He directly challenged the church on this and other issues He risked excommunication and even death He also believed in justification through faith alone, not faith and good works 5

Exit-slip Explain how the Printing Press revolutionized the world. Quiz (Do now) Martin Luther s 95 Theses Activity Exit-slip I can explain Martin Luther s 95 Theses. I can describe the reforms made by the Catholic Church in response to the Protestant Reformation. Luther s 95 Theses In 1517, the 95 Thesis were 95 complaints about the Catholic Church nailed to a church door by Martin Luther Were considered a turning point in European History because the power of the church was decreased and the royal power grew They were written in Latin Luther s Intention: NOT TO BREAK WITH THE CHURCH, BUT TO REFORM IT Criticized 1. indulgences 2. Power of the pope 3. Wealth of the church 95 Theses God s Grace won by Faith Alone Catholic view: Good works Luther s Showdown with the Church Luther was ordered to recant (take back) his teachings In 1520, Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther Reaction to Luther Gained support from people (including the princes) Gained criticism from the Church Millions converted to Luther s new Lutheran Church Luther burned the excommunication notice 6

95 Theses Activity Scan over the 95 Theses AND write a paragraph explaining how you think Pope Leo X would have felt about them. Choose 12 of the 95 theses AND Rewrite them on your own paper THEN Reword them into modern-day English. Exit-slip Explain how Martin Luther s 95 Theses changed the Roman Catholic Church and Western Europe. Do Now: Review unit Do now Holy Roman Empire Diet of Worms/Edict of Worms Finish Martin Luther Diary Entry for Martin Luther (activity) Exit-slip I can describe how the Diet of Worms and the Edit of Worms tried to control Martin Luther. Explain Martin Luther. The 95 Theses were I can analyze and explain how the Protestant Reformation changed Christianity. Holy Roman Empire in 1500 Located in modern Germany Not a united nation but a patchwork of independent states Each state had its own prince The Ruler of the Holy Roman Empire was Charles V (Catholic) The Diet of Worms- April 1521 The Diet of Worms 3:08 Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, summoned Luther to a diet in the city of Worms Diet= assembly or meeting of German princes Luther was asked again to recant- he still refused 7

Edict of Worms A New Name The Catholic Church also issued the Edit of Worms which banned the writings of Luther and labeled him a heretic Lutherans started calling themselves Protestant, for those who protested the Pope s authority It was a crime to give Luther shelter or food Frederick the Wise hid Luther in his castle The Princes Reformation The Protestant Reformation divided Germany politically Princes in Germany converted to Protestantism, ending authority of the Popes in their states Charles V, the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, tried to force princes to accept Catholicism again, with little success Peace of Augsburg Charles V was forced to allow Lutheranism as a legal religion A prince could decide if his realm was to be Lutheran or Catholic Luther s Later Life His new Lutheran Church grew He married a former nun and had 6 children Luther and his wife lived in and old monastery Martin Luther Journal Activity Create 3 Journal Entries for Martin Luther Before the Diet of Worms Following the Diet of Worms Following the Edict of Worms Luther lived to be 62 years old 8

Exit-slip Explain the Diet of Worms and the Edict of Worms. Do now John Calvin Calvinism Ulrich Zwingli Exit-slip I can explain the idea behind Calvinism. The Protestant Reformation 21:15 Do Now: Define recant. Define diet. John Calvin Emphasized the power, grace, and glory of God, which led him to the idea of predestination French lawyer Literal interpretation of the Bible Faith revealed by living a righteous life John Calvin 2:34 John Calvin s Beliefs Calvin set forth the idea of PREDESTINATION God decided at the beginning of time who would go to heaven after death and who would not Calvin set up a theocracy in Geneva, Switzerland Theocracy= government where religious leaders have all the power Calvinism Calvin thought people were sinful by nature and couldn t earn Salvation Protestants in Geneva, asked Calvin to lead their city- he did so with strict rules Everyone attended religious class, couldn t wear bright clothing or play cards Authorities imprison or excommunicate anyone who broke the rules 9

The Calvinists 1:26 John Knox To many Protestants, Geneva was an ideal city John Knox, a preacher from Scotland put Calvinist ideas into Scottish towns after visiting Geneva French Protestants are known as Huguenots Calvinism Spreads Protestant nobles, led by John Knox succeeded in making Calvinism Scotland s official religion Followers of Knox became known as Presbyterians Swiss, Dutch, and French reformers adopted Calvinist form of church organization Although many Protestant churches trace roots back to Calvin, they have softened Calvin s strict teachings Ulrich Zwingli 1:50 Ulrich Zwingli Leader of the reformation in Switzerland The Bible is the Truth In 1519, he was appointed cathedral priest in the Great Minister of Zurich His first act was to petition for an end to clerical celibacy and for the right of all clergy to marry Anything not backed by the Bible was not to be believed or practiced Council of Zurich supported Zwingli reforms Ulrich Reforms Removed all extras from churches Images Paintings Decorations Music Mass was replaced by new liturgy Consisting of Bible readings, prayer, and sermons Anabaptists Believed in baptizing only adults who choose to be Christian Believed church and state should be separate Refused to fight in wars Viewed Catholics and Protestants as radicals who threaten society The forerunners of the Amish and Mennonites influencing the Quakers Menno Simmons was the founder of the Mennonites Women in the Reformation Marguerite Navarre, sister of King Francis I, protected John Calvin from being executed while in France Martin Luther s wife, Katherina, managed family finances and argued with her husband about women s equal role in marriage 10

Exit-slip Explain Calvin and Calvinism. Who was Ulrich Zwingli? Review unit Do now English Reformation Henry VIII Activity Exit-slip I can explain Henry VIII and his role in the English Reformation. Do Now: Explain the Anabaptists. Henry VIII King of England who created his own church to get a divorce. Opposed Luther s beliefs Named Defender of the Faith by Pope Leo X Reformer due to circumstances not personal beliefs Was a Roman Catholic, later broke with the Roman Catholic Church and the Pope The English Reformation 1:58 Henry needed a Divorce! Catholic Church does not grant a divorce Marriage to Catherine of Aragon did not produce a male heir, only a girl- Mary Tudor Henry need a male heir to preserve the dynasty Henry asked the Pope for an annulment so he could marry someone who could produce a male heir Annul-to declare a marriage invalid based on laws of the church The Pope denied the annulment Henry created the Church of England and made himself it s leader Another Girl for Henry Henry divorced Catherine and promptly married Anne Boleyn He hoped for a male heir but Anne bore him another girl- Elizabeth Tudor BRITISH BIRTH ANNOUCMENT OF THE BIRTH OF ELIZABETH I SEPTEMBER 7 TH, 1533 11

Mary I (Bloody Mary) Daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon At the start of her reign she was kind and gently and even gave a royal pardon to Lady Jane Grey who took the throne Mary tried to return England to Catholicism to no avail, she even married Price Philip of Spain (Catholic) to bring Catholicism to England Events throughout her early reign made her cruel and wicked During her reign she earned the nickname Bloody Mary because she prosecuted so many Protestants She died alone and childless Mary and Elizabeth Tudor 1:36 Elizabeth I Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn Returned the country to the Protestant faith after her Mary I s reign Through compromises, Elizabeth found middle ground with Catholics and Protestants Made England a firmly Protestant nation Little religious turmoil for decades England under Queen Elizabeth I 3:15 Exit-slip How many wives did Henry VIII have? List them. Do now Counter-Reformation Activity Exit-slip I can explain the Catholic Reformation (Counter Reformation). Do Now: Which queen of England tried to bring Catholicism back? 12

Counter Reformation 2:10 Counter Reformation Wanted to stop the spread of Protestantism It was losing followers which meant it was losing money They refocused on strictly following the commands and rules of the Church Think of this The Catholic Church wanted to repent for it s Society of Jesus or Jesuits (missionaries) Inquisition (Church court to punish Protestant heretics) No more indulgences Stop the spread of Protestantism Council of Trent The Jesuits The Council of Trent met to reform the Catholic Church The Council of Trent reaffirmed most Church doctrine and practices Salvation comes through faith and good works The Bible is not the only source of truth The council took steps to end Church abuses Ignatius of Loyola -religious leader who was devoted to the Catholic Church Formed the Society of Jesus, the Jesuits, to defend and spread the Catholic faith around the world Sent missionaries to Asia, Africa and the Americas Known for setting up schools Spanish and Italian Inquisitions Spain: persecution of Mariscos (Christian Moors) and Marranos (Christian Jews) Succeeded in bringing southern German and Eastern Europe back to Catholicism An effort to prevent the spread of Protestant religions Index of Prohibited Books: catalogue of forbidden reading Ended heresy in the Papal States; rest of Italy not affected significantly Spread of Christianity Protestant England settled in what is now the United States Catholic Spain and France settled in what is now Mexico and South America Protestant 13

Spread of Christianity Protestant England settled in what is now the United States Catholic Spain and France settled in what is now Mexico and South America Catholic Protestant Exit-slip What was the Counter Reformation? Start unit project Continue unit project Finish unit project Start presentations Pass out study-guide Finish presentations 14

Go over study-guide War! Test Protestant Reformation Open Response Open Response Practice RAP The Protestant Reformation was a time when the Catholic Church fought to hold on to its crumbling empire. The Catholic Church fought against many reformers including John Calvin, Desiderius Erasmus, and Ulrich Zwingli. A) Explain the events before and after Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses. Before the nailing of the 95 Theses by Martin Luther. After the nailing of the 95 Theses by Martin Luther B) Explain Henry VIII s break with the Catholic Church. Henry VIII s break with the Catholic Church all started with C) Explain in detail the Catholic Reformation (Counter- Reformation). The Catholic Reformation was basically 15

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