The Reformation Christianity Branches Off 1517-?
The Troubled Church Babylonian captivity Great Schism Calls for Reform
Weakened Church The Church was weakened by problems through the High Middle Ages (1300 and beyond...) Black Death, 1347 Babylonian Captivity, 1309-1378 Great Schism, 1378 to 1417 John Wycliffe, 1370s-80s Jan Hus and the Hussites, early 1400s
Babylonian Captivity early 1300s - papacy under influence of French monarchy; pope moved his court from Rome to Avignon, remained until 1377
The Great Schism After being forced by Roman mobs to elect an Italian as pope, the College of Cardinals declared the election invalid & elected a second pope, who settled in Avignon.
Calls for Reform Many Europeans disliked abuses within the Church, incl. the clergy's means of raising money.
John Wycliffe English Scholastic philosopher Oxford in England early dissident in the Roman Catholic Church 14th century followers were known as Lollards anticlerical and biblically-centred reforms precursor to the Protestant Reformation earliest opponents of papal authority influencing secular power. translation of the Bible into the common language,1382, now known as Wycliffe's Bible.
Jan Hus Czech priest, philosopher, reformer, and master at Charles University in Prague. After Wycliffe considered the first Church reformer burned at the stake for heresy against the doctrines of the Catholic Church
Indulgences 1min52 What's an indulgence? Would you have bought one? Explain.
Indulgences
Martin Luther 8min42 What inspired Martin Luther? What were his main goals at first? What was the Church's reaction?
Martin Luther
Martin Luther 95 Theses salvation is not from good works, but a free gift of God, received only by grace through faith in Jesus as redeemer from sin.
justification by faith challenged the authority of the pope of the Roman Catholic Church by teaching that the Bible is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge considered all baptized Christians to be a holy priesthood
Luther Translation of the Bible into the language of the people (instead of Latin) made it more accessible, causing a tremendous impact on the church and on German culture. fostered the development of a standard version of the German language added several principles to the art of translation
Luther marriage set a model for the practice of clerical marriage, allowing Protestant priests to marry In later years became strongly anti-semitic
Luther s Fate Protected by German Princes 1520 works banned 1521 excommunicated Edict of Worms Peasant revolts Put down hard
Swiss Reformers
Reformed Separate from Rome Huldrych Zwingli Theocracy? 1531 defeated by Catholic army Mid-1500s John Calvin Geneva Theocracy Utopia?
John Calvin 5 points 1. Total depravity Original sin 2. Unconditional election predetermination 3. Limited atonement Christ died for those whom God decided to save, the elect 4. Irresistible grace Those who are called cannot resist to respond 5. Perseverance of saints Once you re in, you re in
John Calvin 2min34 3 Facts please...
John Calvin
Radical Reformers
Radicals Anabaptists Deny gov. authority Separate church-state Persecuted Many to America 1620s40s
Church of England
Reformation in England
Henry VIII vs Church Pope refuses request to divorce wife Acts of Supremacy Edward VI dies in teens Bloody Mary Elizabeth I tolerant
Effects of Creation of the Church of England English monarch independent of church and more powerful Anti-church-of-England means treason No more outside interference England at war w/spain, France, etc Catholic countries Internal conflicts 1:58
Henry VIII
Council of Trent Italy 1545 Reaffirm Catholic teaching Ended some abuses Sale of indulgences Simony Lack of clerical education Inspired baroque art style
Counter-Reformation 2min9
Counter Reformation 2:10
Spreading Catholicism Ignatius of Loyola Jesuits Missionary Answer only to pope Strengthen & spread Catholicism
Contrast Types of Christianity