The Reformation Begins

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Transcription:

The Reformation Begins

The Weakening of the Church By the 1300s, many Christians felt that the church had become far too worldly and corrupt. Many church leaders acted immorally. Church leaders lived in palaces and wore jeweled robes.

Corruption in the Church Indulgences made it seem that people could buy forgiveness of sins. The practice of simony allowed people to buy church positions. Some clergy charged pilgrims to see holy relics. The church tithed (taxed) all Christians 10%.

The Great Schism Popes and monarchs fought for political and economic power. From 1309 to 1377, the French control the papacy, or office of the pope (Avignon Captivity) In 1377, the Great Schism occurs: Romans name one Pope, the French another. Eventually, another Pope was named. So there were 3 popes!

Calls for Church Reform Reformation many wanted to reform the Christian church Many believed the church taxed people too heavily and spent lavishly

John Wycliffe (c.1330-1384) Challenged the church s tithe. Questioned the pope s authority. Attacked indulgences and the clergy s immoral behavior. Bible (not pope) was the supreme authority. Translated the Bible into English.

William Tyndale (c.1491-1536) An English priest scholar and writer Translated the New Testament and parts of the Old Testament into English. Put to death for heresy.

Jan Hus (1370-1415) Criticized church s wealth. Spoke out against pope s authority. Called for end of corruption. Bible and mass in common vernacular, not Latin. Burned at the stake for heresy.

Council of Constance (1414-1418) Ended Great Schism. Had Jan Hus burned for heresy. Had John Wycliff s body removed from cemetery and burned.

Martin Luther 1517 challenged the Christian Church and led a movement known as Protestantism (to Protest) Believed that only faith = salvation Ninety Five Theses arguments against indulgences Excommunicated by Pope Created his own denomination (branch) of Christianity

https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=c4d_7doc-gq

What is Lutheranism? 1. Faith in Jesus, not good works brings salvation 2. The Bible is the final source of truth about god, not priests. 3. Church is for all believers, not just the clergy

John Calvin Calvinism agreed w/ Luther but added some new ideas God decides everything in advance, including who will go to heaven and hell: Predestination To prove they were chosen people lived good lives and worked hard Kings couldn t run the church Became the Puritans Believed in theocracy-church led government

http://www.biography.com/people/johncalvin-9235788/videos/john-calvin-theorigins-of-calvinism-26409539800

Catholics & Protestants

Counter Reformation 1500s & 1600s Catholic Church set out to defeat Protestantism = Counter Reformation Bloody wars were fought until 1648 Pope Paul III formed the Council of Trent to fix the Catholic Church Jesuits Society of Jesus, pope s agents to spread Catholicism Catholic kings sent missionaries to convert

Pope Paul III

More Counter Reformation The Thirty Years War-worst religious war of the Reformation Protestants to the North of Europe, Catholics to the South of Europe The Spanish Inquisition Catholic Court used to combat heresy Executed 2,000 Spaniards King Henry IV of France, a Catholic king, allowed French Protestants (Huguenots) to worship

Inquisition

Henry IV Of France

Henry VIII King of England Ruled 1509 1547 6 wives (2 divorces, 2 beheaded) because he wanted a son Pope refused his request for annulment, decides to start his own church so that marriage never happened 1534 The Act of Supremacy declared the king head of the Church of England not the Pope Established The Anglican Church

The Six Wives of Henry VIII

Video Summary https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=8th65wnwsfs

Back and Forth in England Henry s daughter Mary becomes queen in 1553 and restores Catholicism Arrested Protestants and had 300 burned at the stake, Bloody Mary After 5 years Mary died, her half-sister takes the throne--elizabeth Queen Elizabeth I restored the Anglican Church and became a great leader for over 40 years The Elizabethan Era

Bloody Mary

Elizabeth I https:// www.youtube.com/ watch? v=ddb20u1hqt0

The Spread of the Reformation People were attracted to new forms of Christian faith. Rulers learned from Martin Luther s experience that they could win independence from the Catholic Church.

https:// www.youtube.co m/watch? v=faf6islbpq8

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