What questions will we answer today and next time? What is the Reformation? What are the causes of the Reformation? How was the Catholic Church changed forever? Who are the different leaders of the Reformation?
Protest for CHANGE
Protestant Reformation Protestant = someone who PROTESTED against the Catholic Church Reformation = When people demand changes of the Catholic Church The Protestant Reformation began because The Church made Protestants say Students: But, Mr. Weiss what are they so upset about? Teacher: Well eager students, you re about to find out!
I = Indulgences Catholic Church sold indulgences Indulgences = forgiveness of one s sins in exchange for money Period of bad popes Renaissance Popes led to further unhappiness amongst European Christians church hierarchy living luxurious lives Martin Luther was the leader (face) of the Protestant Reformation and was VERY outspoken against indulgences Who would this anger?
M = Mixed up in Corruption Popes were concerned more with war, money, and politics than in spiritual matters Renaissance Popes were series of popes concerned with personal wealth and power They used indulgences (money paid for the forgiveness of sins) to advance personal wealth People starting to question Pope s actions Pope Julius II (1443-1513)
Invented by Johannes Gutenberg in 1450s Printing press spread rapidly across Holy Roman Empire What book was the most frequently copied? - The Bible How did the printing press impact the Protestant Reformation? - People could interoperate the Bible for themselves Writings against Catholic Church and the Pope
Catholic Church God Pope Cardinals Archbishops Bishops Priest and Monks Believers
A = Absolute Power by Catholic Church Catholic Church accumulated tons of land Spread their power by guaranteeing Kings the forgiveness of sins and path to heaven.in exchange for WHAT? Poor people venting frustrations why? - They have no land, money, or power
Control of the Catholic Church
King Henry VIII (King of England) broke away from Catholic Church after they refused to grant him a divorce King Henry VIII converts England from a Catholic nation to an Anglican nation (Church of England) First powerful figure to challenge Catholic Church and Pope soon others would follow More to come about this fascinating historical figure!!! D = Divorce
Leaders of the Protestant Reformation
Leaders of the Protestant Reformation Martin Luther John Calvin Henry VIII
KING HENRY VIII King Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragon, for lack of conceiving a son (not what he told Pope/Citizens) Pope refused to annul (declare invalid) his marriage Went to English church court and was granted annulment Thomas More (his advisor and devout Catholic) was executed for his opposition to the divorce. Married Anne Boleyn in hopes of baring a son Executed when she failed to do so
The Tudors Showtime TV show that depicts the life of King Henry VIII his divorce from Catherine, break from the Catholic Church, and his six wives The Tudors Video Trailer Anne Boleyn Execution
DIVORCED LIVED LONGER THAN KING KILLED KILLED DIED DIVORCED
Act of Supremacy (1534) declared that the King had taken control of Church of England 3 rd wife of Henry VIII (Jane Seymour) bared him a son, Edward VI Edward VI took reign at age 8 and church officials moved church in Protestant direction Edward VI at 15 dies shortly after
Mary, daughter of Henry VIII w/ Catherine of Aragon came to throne in 1553 Wanted to restore England to Catholicism Burned Protestants at the stake earning her nickname Bloody Mary As a result England moves even further to Protestant faith
TOWER OF LONDON
EXECUTION SITE AT TOWER OF LONDON
ANNE BOLEYN GRAVE SITE
KING HENRY VIII ARMOUR
KING HENRY VIII GRAVE SITE
Oct. 31 st, 1517 Luther s 95 Theses Monk and Professor at University of Wittenberg (Holy Roman Empire) Debated the issue of salvation: - Catholics believed faith and good works earned salvation Luther believed salvation could not be earned, you just had to BELIEVE! Bible = authority, not Pope Also said common people just as important in God s eyes
The popular belief that Luther nailed his 95 theses to the Castle Church in Wittenberg continues to be disputed, however, they were sent all across Europe.
As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs. Johann Tetzel 95 complaints and attacks regarding the abuses of Catholic church How did printing press help Luther? - spread 95 theses across Europe Emergence of new religion - Lutheranism Eventually excommunicated Catholics burned Luther s writing
Agreed on majority of issues with Luther except one! Believed in predestination. Meaning God had predetermined in advance who would go to heaven and who would be damned Became a dominate Protestant sect in Europe Spread to Scotland and New World
Reflection Q: Overall, what did the Protestants want? A: A reformation! They wanted the Catholic Church to reform - or change.