Monday, March 19th Midterm #2: March 19-22 in the Testing Center Monday and Tuesday: No late fee Wednesday: $5 late fee Thursday: $7 late fee and test must be in hand by 11 am The Review Room is closed during test week
Civil War and Finishing the Founding 2 CIVIL WAR AND FINISHING THE FOUNDING
Civil War and Finishing the Founding 3 Outline The Civil War Costs of War Constitutional issues Lincoln s legacy Finishing the Founding
Civil War and Finishing the Founding 4 Civil War Begins as an effort to preserve the Union Lincoln elected, Nov 1860 South Carolina seceded, Dec 1860 Six more states seceded, Jan 1861 Lincoln s First Inaugural, March 1861 S.C. attacked Fort Sumter, April 1861 Four more states seceded shortly thereafter
Civil War and Finishing the Founding 5 States that seceded before April 12, 1861 States that seceded after April 12, 1861 Union states that permitted slavery Union states that forbade slavery
Civil War and Finishing the Founding 6 Civil War Joseph Smith December 25, 1832 Verily thus saith the Lord concerning wars that will shortly come to pass, beginning at the rebellion of South Carolina... For behold the Southern States shall be divided against the Northern States. Doctrine & Covenants 87:1,3
Civil War and Finishing the Founding 7 Civil War Battle of Antietam: September 17, 1862 First major battle to take place on Northern soil Almost 23,000 casualties; 3,654 dead.
Civil War and Finishing the Founding 8 Civil War [He] had made a vow, a covenant, that if God gave us the victory in the approaching battle [Antietam], he would consider it an indication of the divine will and that it was his duty to move forward with emancipation. Sec. of Navy, Gideon Wells Sept. 22, 1862 Emancipation Proclamation: January 1, 1863
Civil War and Finishing the Founding 9 Civil War Battle of Gettysburg: July 1-3, 1863 Over 45,000 casualties: 7863 dead Turning point
Civil War and Finishing the Founding 10 Video: Battle of Little Round Top Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain
Civil War and Finishing the Founding 11 Gettysburg Address (Nov 19, 1863) Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
Civil War and Finishing the Founding 12 But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate we can not consecrate we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
Costs of War: Treasure and Blood Civil War cost $20 billion total 5 times all spending 1787-1861 Army deaths: 618,000 360,000 Union; 258,000 Confederate. Total: 8% of men ages 13-43 Causes of death Disease: 2/3 of army deaths from disease: typhoid, dysentery, pneumonia, scurvy Combat: Clash of improved weaponry with old tactics Total loss of life: 750,000 (including civilians).
Civil War and Finishing the Founding 14 Costs of War - Blood War of 1812 (1815) Sp. American (1898) Revolution (1783) Mexican War (1848) Korea (1953) Viet Nam (1975) World War I (1918) World War II (1946) Civil War (1865) 2,260 2,446 4,435 13,283 36,913 58,184 116,516 405,399 618,000
Civil War and Finishing the Founding 15 Constitutional Issues Can a state secede? A question of ultimate sovereignty Confederacy: Yes Declaration of Independence Constitution: league of sovereign states Union: No Constitution: a more perfect union Lincoln: the Union of the States is perpetual US has the right to put down rebellion to preserve the Union
Civil War and Finishing the Founding 16 Constitutional Issues Government powers in time of war Suspension of habeas corpus Power of the executive Compulsory military service Emancipation of slaves
iclicker All of the following were structural changes after the Civil War EXCEPT: A. All adult male citizens could vote. B. Elimination of slavery. C. Equal protection under the law for all citizens. D. Equality for all individuals. E. Federal government was supreme over the states.
Lincoln s Legacy Civil War and Finishing the Founding 18
Lincoln s Legacy Civil War and Finishing the Founding 19
Civil War and Finishing the Founding 20 Lincoln s Legacy Vision of Gettysburg Address all men are created equal a new birth of freedom Vision of Second Inaugural Address With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.
Civil War and Finishing the Founding 21 Video: Lincoln s Second Inaugural
Civil War and Finishing the Founding 22 Lincoln s Legacy Lincoln as Savior
Civil War and Finishing the Founding 23 Lincoln s Legacy Leo Tolstoy on Lincoln, 1909 [Lincoln was] a Christ in miniature, bigger than his country bigger than all the Presidents together. Why? Because he loved his enemies as himself.
Civil War and Finishing the Founding 24 Lincoln s Legacy Lincoln re-founds America with a new birth of freedom and charity for all
So What Saved the Union? Virtue, among ordinary citizens and key leaders. Lincoln. Union soldiers. Defeated Southerners. Lee.
Civil War and Finishing the Founding 26
Video: A Southern Church After the War A southern hero sends an important message of reconciliation.
Civil War and Finishing the Founding 28 Finishing the Founding New amendments to the Constitution 13 th (1865): abolished slavery 14 th (1868): applies Bill of Rights to all states and guarantees equal protection 15 th (1870): outlaws abridgement of the right to vote on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude
Civil War and Finishing the Founding 29 Finishing the Founding The Civil War resolved the ambiguity of federalism national government is supreme. Southern states only readmitted after submitting to national authority New constitutions Ratification of Fourteenth Amendment Before the Civil War, United States was plural; after, the United States became singular. The United States went from being a union to being a nation.
Civil War and Finishing the Founding 30 Conclusion Neither the North nor the South would give full rights to blacks for another 100 years. In contrast to the Civil War, structure and virtue worked together during the civil rights movements of the 1950s and 1960s.