11 11:1 27 Conqurs Northrn Palstin Outlin of Chaptr 11: Vv. 1 5 Th northrn king coalition Vv. 6 9 dfats th northrn king coalition Vv. 10 15 conqurs northrn Palstin Vv. 16 23 A rtrospctiv of th conqust of all Isral Chart Indx: I ntroduction: 11 mor or lss covrs th conquring of th northrn kingdom, howvr, this will not b ntirly clar. It won t b lik th prvious chaptr whr w hav southrn city aftr southrn city conqurd by th Isralits. will first fac a coalition of th tribs of th north, which is much largr and mor xprincd than th southrn allianc of th prvious chaptr. This nw coalition, Isral will oppos and dfat. Thn, th only city mntiond by nam in this chaptr as on which dfatd is Hazor. Th rmaindr of th northrn citis ar takn in a wid gographical swp which dscribs both th northrn and southrn aras which and his mn conqurd. A summary of th aras which wr not conqurd, is also givn. On of th things which I had rad yars ago indicatd that th movmnt of ovr th land of Canaan was actually much mor pacful and that th book of was mor of a propaganda tract writtn hundrds of yars latr to inspir th popl of Isral. On th whol, th commntaris which I dalt with did not vn dal with that assrtion (as archology has provn thm wrong). Howvr, what is submittd as furthr vidnc is a paragraph or two writtn by Manfrd Barthl, who dos not bliv in th inspiration of Scriptur: A bloodthirsty tal, this Book of. Yt it contains a cor of valid historical information, vn if th chronology is hoplssly confusd. For many yars, though, Grman biblical scholars wr convincd that th biblical account of th conqust of Canaan was no mor than a puffd-up propaganda tract, and that th Isralit sttlmnt of Canaan was actually a pacful migration into a sparsly sttld rgion whos nomadic inhabitants wr occupid lswhr with th mor srious thrat posd by Nordic invadrs on th coast (such as th Philistins). Ovr th last fw dcads Frnch archaologists hav providd us with an ntirly diffrnt pictur, in th light of thir discovris at Ras Shamra, th sit of th Canaanit city of Ugarit. First of all, th Canaanits wr alrady a sttld agricultural popl by th fourtn cntury B.C. Jwlry found in thir grav sits is of a vry high standard of workmanship. And thir rligion, th cult of th natur god Baal and his xtndd family of lssr gods and goddsss, was firmly rootd in th folk cultur and vryday lif of th Canaanit popl. Most important of all and this cam as quit a surpris th popl of Ugarit usd a kind of cuniform script which rducd th unwildy Sumrian array of hundrds of charactrs to a mr thirty. Thus, th Canaanits wr alrady wll on thir way toward invnting th alphabt. But all this dos not rally xplain why this saga of chauvinistic blood and thundr blongs in th Christian Bibl. Rad th Book of and ou will undrstand at onc. Evry vrs proclaims th nw rligion of Jahwh a God who dos not simply manifst himslf in th rmot forcs of natur but who intrvns dirctly in human affairs, to srv and guid his popl. Th phrass and th LORD commandd and spak unto th LORD occur rpatdly; God has bcom a dcisiv forc in human 1 history for th first tim. Allowing for svral inaccuracis hrin, vn Barthl is forcd to admit to much of th accuracy in th book of, basd upon archological vidnc. Rturn to Chaptr Outlin Rturn to th Chart Indx 1 Manfrd Barthl, What th Bibl Rally Says; 1982; h by Quill; p. 137.
Chaptr 11 336 Th Northrn King Coalition Litrally: And so it cam to pass as a haring of Jabin, king of Hazor; and so h snt unto Jobab, a king of Madon and unto a king of Shimron and unto a king of Achshaph; 11:1 Smoothr English rndring: And so it cam to pass whn Jabin, king of Hazor, hard of all this and h snt a mssag to Jobab, th king of Madon, to th king of Shimron and to th king of Achshaph; Jabin was th instigator of th nxt combind offns against Isral what was occurring in southrn Palstin was no scrt. Thos in th north wr fully awar of not only th victoris of, but also that h was xcuting all of his nmis and burning many of th citis. Jabin ruld ovr Hazor, a city which had a population of around 40,000, according to th findings of a 1955 xcavation by an archologist namd Yadin. Givn th siz of his army, combind with th coalition of th othr forcs, this would b th most imposing army yt for and his mn to fac. With rgards to Jabin, McG writs: Jabin of Hazor in th north sms to hav bn th organizr. H snds out word to all th folk in that ara to com against, bcaus it is obvious now that h has ovrcom in th south and h is going to mov to th north. And if h movd to th north, h will invad thir land which, of cours, is xactly what h did. 2 Sinc th nam Hazor shows up in a dozn placs or mor in Scriptur, w should xamin th word itslf. It is, of cours, a translitration from th Hbrw châtsôr ( or ) [pronouncd khaw-tsohr], which coms from an Hbrw word maning nclosur, court, sttld abod, sttlmnt, villag; thrfor, w should xpct to s this particular nam in svral placs rfrring to svral diffrnt citis, which is th way th find it. Strong s #2674 BDB #347. Now Hazor is shown as bing far north, tn mils north-northwst of th Sa of Galil (calld Sa of Chinnrth thn), barly fiv mils southwst of a smallr body of watr abov th Sa of Galil, calld Lak Hulh. Hazor was th largst city of th ara of Palstin at that tim. It had bn originally built in th third millnnium B.C. ovr an ara of roughly 25 acrs. Blow this, during th Hyksos ra of Egypt, arly in th scond millnnium, was built a lowr city which covrd approximatly 180 acrs of land. This lowr city was protctd along its wstrn walll 3 by an arthn rampart and a dp moat. This hill sat in th middl of a plain, which would hav bn quit suitabl for a popl dpndnt upon horss and chariots. It appars to b th dominant military and political powr of Palstin, causing to not: Thn turnd back at that tim, and capturd Hazor and struck its king with th sword; for Hazor formrly was th had of all ths kingdoms ( 11:10). Archology rvals th that Hazor fll in th 13 cntury B.C., thus corroborating th account which will giv in this book. Kllr: Hazor was in fact not only on of th largst sttlmnts of th country but also on of th strongst fortrsss. th In th 13 cntury B.C., it was dstroyd, as th book of rcords. A layr of burnt rubbl indicats a grat conflagration about that tim. Many scholars do not hsitat to attribut this burnt rubbl to and his hosts. 4 will burn th city and lowr Hazor would nvr b rbuilt. Th sit of th city will b givn to th trib of Naphtali (thr is anothr Hazor mntiond occasionally in Scriptur which was on th bordr btwn Judah and Bnjamin). Bcaus of its gographical charactristics, Solomon will rbuild ithr a portion of Hazor or th wall itslf for protction for an outpost of Isral (I Kings 9:15). W will har of Hazor bing dstroyd latr throughout th Bibl, and surprisingly, th prson who coms to th dfns of ths discrpancis is Manfrd Barthl; h writs: In fact, many diffrnt rfrncs to th dstruction of Hazor ar scattrd through th Old Tstamnt; biblical scholars had takn this as an instanc of ditorial carlssnss on th part of th authors. But Hazor has now bn mor thoroughly xcavatd than almost any othr ancint sit, by a tam of Israli archaologists ld by Yigal Yadin, formr chif of staff of th Isralit army. Whn Gnral Yadin publishd th rsults of thir findings, it bcam clar that ths apparntly contradictory or rdundant accounts of Hazor s dstruction wr not simply th rsult of faulty proofrading; thy discovrd twnty-on diffrnt lvls of occupation btwn th 2 3 J. Vrnon McG, Judgs, h1976 by Thru th Bibl Books; p. 70. A rampart is a larg arthn fortification around a city which is usually cappd with a parapt, which is anothr wall, mad of ston or arth, which is constructd abov th rampart. 4 Wrnr Kllr, Th Bibl as History (scond rvisd dition), p. 165.
Th Book of 337 nintnth and th scond cnturis B.C. Hazor had alrady bn dstroyd uttrly and subsquntly rbuilt 5 prhaps half a dozn tims bfor th Isralits arriv din th Land of Canaan. Kllr indicats that no fwr than 21 stags of dvlopmnt can b distinguishd in th city Hazor, indicating that at last 21 citis occupid that sam ara, ach on rctd ovr th rubbl of th prvious citis. 6 th What is unqustiond is that Hazor, in th 13 cntury B.C., was laid to rubbl. With its burnt rubbl, its layr of ashs and its brokn idols, it sms to support th following passag: 7 But Jhovah your God will dlivr thm [th Canaanits] to you, and H will dstroy thm with a mighty dstruction, until thy ar dstroyd. And H will dlivr thir kings into your hand, and you will dstroy thir nam from undr havn. Thr will b no man abl to stand bfor you until you hav dstroyd thm. Th gravn imags of thir gods you will burn with fir. (Dut. 7:23 25). It appars as though Jabin was th nam of a dynasty and it might b a gnric titl for thir kings. Th word mans h will undrstand or wis. Latr, in Judgs 4, th Isralits will fac anothr Jabin, king of Canaan, who ruls in Hazor at last a cntury latr. W ar givn no spcific dtails as to what has happnd in th intrim, but th bst xplanation was that a larg group of popl wnt back into Hazor and rbuilt it and rinstatd thir historic dynasty (this was prhaps 100 200 yars latr). Also, thr apparntly was anothr city Hazor (and possibly two) locatd in Judah, far south from this particular Hazor, as this will b on of th bordr citis givn to th trib of Judah ( 15:20 21,23). Thr sms to hav bn som srious disagrmnts as to th location of Hazor for a long tim. Th ancint 8 historian Josphus placd it north of th Lak Hulh. According to Kil and Dlitzsch, its location had not yt bn discovrd, howvr, thy wrot ovr a cntury ago. Robinson placs it northwst of Lak Hulh, placing it in th ruins on Tll Khuraibh, which squars with it bing placd btwn Ramah and Kdsh ( 19:36 37). It has bn suggstd that Hazor is to b found in th ancint ruins of Huzzur or Hazirh, whr thr ar th rmains of vry old larg buildings, but Kil and Dlitzsch point out that this would plac Hazor in th ara givn to Ashr. Kil and Dlitzsch also mntion Tll Hazûr or Khirbt Hazûr, agring that thir location is rasonabl, but th ruins thr ar not vry ancint and th populatd ara thr appars to hav bn 9 a small villag rathr than a major city (for that priod of tim). Obviously, sinc w hav so much information from xcavations today, its sit is known to us today. 11:1 map Jabin was obviously a pragmatist and h contactd th major citis in th northrn ara to st up a lin of dfns. Madon is mntiond only twic in Sciptur and is likly locatd in modrn Qarn Hattin, northwst of Tibrias. Most Bibl maps do not vn rcord this city on thir maps. Shimron (or, Shimon) will altr b givn ovr to th trib of Zbulun and is a part of th district of Bthlhm. ZPEB says that it has bn idntifid with th modrn city Tll s-smuniya, whr artifacts from th Middl and Lat Bronz priod hav bn found. It is likly idntical to Shimron-mron, mntiond in 12:20). Nlson placs Shimron btwn th Md and th southrn tip of th Sa of Chinnroth. It will b givn to th trib of Zbulun. Achshaph is mntiond in svral xtra-biblical sourcs givn in ZPEB and has bn tntativly idntifid with th modrntll Kisan, svn mils southast of 10 Acco, placing it nar th coast of th Mditrranan, across from th Sa of Galil. This city will b givn to 11 th trib of Ashr. 5 6 7 8 9 Manfrd Barthl, What th Bibl Rally Says; 1982; h by Quill; p. 136. Wrnr Kllr, Th Bibl as History (scond rvisd dition), p. 165. Wrnr Kllr, Th Bibl as History (scond rvisd dition), p. 165. Josphus; Antiquitis, v. 5, 1. Kil & Dlitzsch s Commntary on th Old Tstamnt; 1966 Hndrickson Publishrs, Inc.; Vol. II, p. 87. 10 Kil and Dlitzsch go into som dtail ovr th possibl locations for ths citis and this can b found in Kil & Dlitzsch s Commntary on th Old Tstamnt; 1966 Hndrickson Publishrs, Inc.; Vol. II, p. 87. 11 As usual, a majority of this information coms fromth Zondrvan Pictorial Encyclopdia of th Bibl; Mrrill C. Tnny, d.; Zondrvan Publishing Hous, 1976, Vol. 1,3,4 and 5.
Chaptr 11 338 And unto th kings who [wr] from north of in th hill country and from th Arabah, south of Chinnrth, and in th lowland [or, th Shphlah] and in [th] highr rgions of Dor from [th] wst; 11:2 And to th kings who occupid th northrn hill country and thos from th southrn plains blow th Sa of Chinnrth and thos who occupy th lowlands as wll as th highr rgions around Dor. Prtty much all along th coast of th Dad Sa, along th Jordan Rivr and th Sa of Chinnrth thr is a long mountain rang. From thr to th coast of th Mditrranan, it flattns out into a plain. Th mountain rang in th north rfrs to th mountain district of Galil. Th Arabah gnrally rfrs to th ara south of th Sa of Galil (Chinnrth), including th Jordan Vally and th Dad Sa. Although it dos not rfr to th southrnmost ara hr (which gos as far as th Gulf of Aqaba), it gnrally includs that ara as wll. It coms from th root word for dry. Th Sa of Chinnrth w know as th Sa of Galil. Th lowland is oftn translitratd Shphlah, and this sction of th Holy Land is boundd on th north by th Vally of Aijalon, on th wst by th Maritim Plain, on th ast by th Cntral Platau, and rachs to Brshba on th south. It is charactrizd by low, roundd chalk hills dividd by svral broad vallys. 12 Jabin contactd svral kings in particular thos givn in v. 1; howvr, h snt mn throughout th northrn kingdom to vry city around ovr a wid ara. Ths vnts apparntly took plac concurrntly with th prvious coupl chaptrs. movd in on Jricho and Ai and this causd Jabin to start making prparations. Th last lin has th fminin plural construct of nâphâh ( ) [pronouncd naw-faw], which occurs four tims in th KJV and is givn four diffrnt translations: bordrs, coast, rgion (ths thr tims nâphâh is combind with th propr noun Dor); and siv (Isa. 30:28). BDB givs it th translation hight, Gsnius, a lofty plac, a siv. Own natly sidstps this and translats this as a propr noun, Naphoth-dor. I will go with highr rgions. Strong s #5299 BDB #632. Dor is on th coast of th Md, ight mils north of Cæsara and svn mils blow Mount Carml. Th sam ara today is calld Tantura, Tortura or Dandora, which is a namd somhow drivd from Dor. Th ruins of ancint Dor is a bit mor than a mil away from th hamlt namd, on a small rang of hills. To th north of this ar som rocky rangrs, out of which grottos and houss hav bn cut into th rock itslf. Dor is possibly drivd from th Akkadain word duru (translitratd in I Macc. 15 as ), which mans fortrss. Th Phœnicians farmd th shlls along th coast to us for thir purpl dys. ZPEB writs: Dor was on of th citis within th bordrs of Issachar and Ashr which wr assignd to Manassh although Manassh was unabl to captur it. 13 Latr, it is said that dscndants of Ephraim possssd it. I don t quit follow how all four tribs hav a part in this. Nvrthlss, Dor was lft with som inhabitants, as w will s in 17:11. Dor was a royal city and th ara surrounding it took on th sam nam. 11:2 map [to] th Canaanit from ast and wst; and th Amorit and th Hittit, and th Prizzit, and th Jbusit in th hill country, and th Hivit undr Hrmon in a land of th Mizpah [or, lookout post]. 11:3 to th Canaanit from th ast and th wst; and th Amorit and th Hittit, and th Prizzit, and th Jbusit in th hill country; and th Hivit blow Mount Hrmon in th land of Mizpah. Hill country is on word, har ( #2022) BDB #249. ) [pronouncd har], which mans hill, mountain, hill-country. Strong s #2042 (and 12 13 Th Nw Scofild Rfrnc Bibl; Dr. C.I. Scofild; 1967 Nw York Oxford Univrsity Prss; p. 217. Th Zondrvan Pictorial Encyclopdia of th Bibl; Mrrill C. Tnny, d.; Zondrvan Publishing Hous, 1976, Vol. 2; p. 156. Additional matrial cam from Kil & Dlitzsch s Commntary on th Old Tstamnt; 1966 Hndrickson Publishrs, Inc.; Vol. II, p. 88, who citd svral sourcs for thir information.
Th Book of 339 W hav a diffrnt prposition thrown into this vrs on that is particularly fond of tachath ( ) [pronouncd TAH-khahth], which mans undrnath, blow, undr bnath. Strong s #8478 BDB #1065. Most of us hav hard of Mount Hrmon. This is th southrn spur of mountains which runs paralll to and opposit th Lbanon mountain rang, sparatd by th vally of Bqaa. Mount Hrmon itslf is 9200 ft. abov sa lvl, although hr th simpl nam Hrmon probably rfrs to th mountains in gnral. This mountain is high nough to b sn from most of th surrounding ara of Palstin, owing to th fact that thr is snow atop it throughout th yar, thus arning th nams gry-haird mountain and mountain of th snow. Mount Hrmon is actually north ast of th small lak abov Lak Chinrroth. This would plac it in th ara partially conqurd by th Isralits prior to crossing ovr th Jordan. Th Hivits could b on ithr sid of th mountain. Mizpah (or Mizph) is th Hbrw is mits pâh ( ) [pronouncd mitz -PAW], and it mans outlook point, watchtowr. Strong s #4708 (& #4709) BDB #859. ZPEB lists as man as six diffrnt Mizpah s, thr of thm wst of th Jordan. This would not b unusual, givn th nam. On of th important things to a city as a lin of dfns is knowing ahad of tim if thy might b undr attack. With a watchtowr or a lookout point, thy can s thir nmis approaching. Kil and Dlitzsch idntifid this particular spot with th villag of Mutullh or 14 Mtllh, which stands upon a hill ovr 200 ft tall, ovrlooking th Hulh basin. Thr wr probably many aras and sits known as Mizpah. Th nd of this vrs could b just as asily rndrd land of th lookout post. With th mountains in th Hrmon ara, it would b logical to call this th land of th lookout post. Barns givs th location alludd to in this vrs as th plain which is at th foot of Mount Hrmon, strtching south-wstwards. Mizpah would b th lookout post itslf and th land of Mizpah would b th land which th lookout post ovrlookd. Barns warns us not to confus this Mizpah with th Mizpah of Gilad ( 13:26 Judgs 11:29); nor with th Mizpah of Judah ( 15:38); nor with th Mizpah of Moab (I Sam. 22:3). W hav covrd th popl mntiond in this vrs back in 3:10. And so thy cam out [vn] thy and all of thir troops with thm a grat popl as th sand which [is] upon th sashor, with rgards to th multitud and horss and chariots vry many. 11:4 And so thy cam out, ths kings and all thir troops with thm, a larg numbr of popl as th sand on th sashor, along with a larg numbr of horss and chariots. Th maning of this is prtty obvious, but I would lik to look at what othrs hav don: Th Emphasizd Bibl NASB Own's Translation Young's Lit. Translation...and thy cam out thy and all thir hosts with thm, much popl lik th sand that is upon th sashor for multitud, with horss and chariots vry many. And thy cam out, thy and all thir armis with thm, as many popl as th sand that is on th sashor, with vry many horss and chariots....and thy cam out with all thir troops with thm a grat host, as th sand that is upon th sashor; in numbr and horss and chariots vry many....and thy go out, thy and all thir camps with thm, a popl numrous, multitud, and hors and chariotr vry many This rads: And so thy cam out thy and all of thir... What follows is th masculin plural of mach nh ( ) [pronouncd mah-khuh-neh], which mans camp, ncampmnt. It can rfr to th camp or to thos in th camp, who ar oftn soldirs or troops (Ex. 14:24 Judgs 4:16). It can vn rfr to a moving group or to a group which camp togthr tmporarily, without that bing th mphasis of th noun (Gn. 33:8 50:9). Strong s #4264 BDB #334. This is followd by with thm. Thn w hav th masculin singular of am ( ) [pronouncd ahm] and it mans popl. Hr w could strtch th maning somwhat and translat it by th word multitud. Strong s #5971 BDB #766. It is dscribd by an b b adjctiv ra v ( ) [pronouncd rah v] mans many, much, grat (in th sns of larg, not acclaimd). Strong's #7227 BDB #912. This will b found again at th nd of th vrs. Th comparison btwn th numbr 14 Kil & Dlitzsch s Commntary on th Old Tstamnt; 1966 Hndrickson Publishrs, Inc.; Vol. II, p. 88.
Chaptr 11 340 of mn and th numbr of grains of sand on th sashor is oftn found in th Bibl (Gn. 22:27 Judgs 7:12). Thr obviously is not an infinit numbr of grains of sand, but thr ar mor than w would want to count; and that aptly dscribs th numbr of soldirs who will oppos Isral from th north. For what it s worth, Josphus stimatd this to b around 300,000 nmy troops. Th first coalition against was mandatd by immdiat ncssity was about to attack thm it was only a mattr of a fw days, so th fiv-king coalition occurrd immdiatly aftr Ai and Gibon. Howvr, in th north, ths kings hav had longr to xamin th situation, to dtrmin what thy want or don t want to do. It is obvious that Jabin is a strong and influntial ladr who is abl to us his charisma in ordr to band ths divrs groups of popl togthr. His rach and his influnc xtndd throughout th ntir northrn portion of Palstin. Th kings which h has contactd hav com to raliz how strong is, as hav th popl of th north. Thy don t hav many options. Thy can fl and tak thir familis, which might rsult in th safty of som or many; thy can surrndr, although most of th popls of th land apparntly wr awar of th policy of God to kill all of His nmis; or thy could band and attack. Th lattr sms to mak th most sns. Although this group of kings and popl wr indpndnt and divrs, thy all had on thing in common: thy did not bliv in God thy did not wholly far Him and dcidd that thy wr strong nough and numrous nough to dfat Isral and hr God. Th popl of th north knw about Moss and Egypt; thy knw about th parting of th Sa of Rds; thy knw about s dfat of th aras and kings of th south. Howvr, thy did not far God nough to throw thmslvs at s mrcy, as did th Gibonits. Thy rasond that thy had vry bit as much xprinc as th Isralits; and that thir quipmnt was far suprior to what Isral had (Isral had spars; th northrn popls had chariots and horss). It was as if all things wr almost qual, xcpt that on sid had tanks. How could thy possibly compar? This was th thinking of th northrn kings. Thy wr going to bring a coalition against Isral such as th world had nvr sn bfor. This incidnt is not far from parallling th battl of Armagddon in th nd tims. A larg numbr of numrically and tchnically suprior armis will gathr in Isral and do battl against Isral and Isral will dfat thm, dlivrd by th hand of th Almighty God. Thr ar som smallr populations and som groups who lct ladrs, or who ar ld by popl whos ladrship ability is qustionabl. It as if no on ls wantd th job and that thr popl who wr not in any way qualifid, but takn on by dfault. Jabin was not on of thos kind of mn. H was charismatic, pragmatic, intllignt and a statsman. H was abl to rally a larg group of divrs popls with th mssags which h snt out. H was carful to slct th right mn to mak th prsntation to th kings of th surrounding aras and h rcivd a full rspons. I am gussing that h, mor than probably anyon ls, had a clu as to th strngth of th Isralits, bcaus of thir rlationship to God. I bliv that this occurrd to him whn h wighd his own options as what h should do. Howvr, what cam to th forfront of his thinking was rulrship ovr all of northrn Palstin. Who bttr to tak such a wid control than him? H will lad all of ths groups of popl against Isral. So, h has a dfinit choic to pondr dos h choos to far God or dos h choos to oppos God, hoping that if h opposs God and dstroys Isral, that h can look forward to grat political powr and approbation of th popl of th land. A ral option for him to pondr is that, as a rsult of this advancing nmy Isral, h could bcom on of th most famous and powrful popl of his day. His choic, which was th culmination of thousands of choics mad day aftr day, was a choic of ngativ volition toward God in hops of gaining powr, approbation, and (most likly) grat walth. b W thn hav th lâmd prfixd prposition, th dfinit articl, and th masculin singular substantiv rô v ( ) b [pronouncd roh v], which mans multitud, abundanc, gratnss. Strong s #7230 BDB #913. Notic how clos this word is in form to th prvious adjctiv thy ar cognats of on anothr. Insofar as w know, has not facd chariots and horss bfor as an intgral part of th nmy s infantry. Although it is not statd dirctly in, Isral gnrally njoyd a grat numric supriority. Although his mn wr not profssional soldirs, thy had had rcnt xprinc on th othr sid of th Jordan. Thy also appard to b highly organizd. could issu ordrs and within hours, th ntir army could b mobilizd. Thir nmis wr physically largr, which would gnrally wigh havily in hand to hand combat, which appars to b a grat dal of th conflict. This tim, thir nmy was not ovrwhlmd with Isral s numrical supriority. Th north had soldirs, th numbr of which was lik th sand on th sashor. And, in th north, thy apparntly had quit an xtnsiv cavalry, giving thm grat spd and mobility. Howvr, what thy lackd in thir war was God. I rcall folk
Th Book of 341 singrs of my gnration drid th ida of God on somon s sid during a war, but th Bibl maks it abundantly clar that is th dciding factor in any war. And so thy assmbld [thmslvs] all th kings th ths and so thy cam and so thy ncampd togthr at th watrs of Mrom to fight with Isral. 11:5 So all th ths kings assmbld togthr and cam and campd at th watrs of Mrom to do battl with Isral. rd Th first vrb is th 3 prson masculin plural, Niphal imprfct of yâ ad ( ) [pronouncd yaw- AHD], which mans, in th Niphal, to mak an appointmnt, to mt, to mt togthr, to assmbl. Strong's #3259 BDB #416. Barns tlls us that th watrs of Mrom mans uppr watrs. I could not vrify that with BDB, whr similar words man rbllion, smooth, to scour or polish or bittr. Mrom is obviously a translitration of mêrôm ( ) [pronouncd may-rohm], and BDB also idntifis it with Lak Hulh. Strong s #4792 BDB #598. ZPEB placs ths watrs midway btwn th Sa of Chinnroth and th Dad Sa, somwhat closr to th Jordan than to th Mditrranan. Thr is a grat dal of dissntion hr. On scholar placs this up off th shor of Lak Hulh, idntifying th two (Lak Hulh and th watrs of Mrom) as on. Barns dscribs narby Lak Hulh: This lak occupis th southrn half of th Ard l Hulh, a dprssd basin som fiftn mils long and thr or four broad lying btwn th hills of Galil on th wst and th lowr spurs of Hron on th ast. Th siz of th lak varis with th rason, and th northrn sid of it nds in a larg swamp. Th shap of th lak is triangular, th point bing at th south, whr th Jordan, which ntrs it on th north, against quits it. Thr is a considrabl spac of tabl-land along th southr-wstrn shor, and hr probably th troops of Jabin and his confdrats whr ncampd, prparing to mov southwards whn and his army fll 15 suddnly upon thm. Th NIV Study Bibl idntifis this with modrn Mirun, ight mils northwst of th Sa of Galil. Kil and Dlitzsch concur with th NIV (calling th villag Mirôm), a clbratd pilgrimag among th Jws, bcaus Hilll, Shammai, Simon bn Jochain, and othr notd Rabbins ar said to b burid thr...[it is] about two hours journy north-wst of Szafd, upon a rocky mountain, at th foot of which thr is a spring that forms a small brook and flows away through th vally blow Szafd...This stram, which is said to rach th Lak of Tibrias, in th nighbourhood of Bthsaida, is in all probability to b rgardd as th watrs of Mrom, as, according to Josphus (Ant. v. 1, 18), ths kings ncampd at Broth...a city of Uppr Galil, not far from 16 Kds. Most of th articl in ZPEB dals with th location of th watrs of Mrom and th various diffrncs of opinions and thir vidncs offrd. 17 Rturn to Outlin Dfats th Northrn King Coalition And Y howah said unto, Do not b afraid out from thir facs for tomorrow about th tim th this, I will giv ovr all of thm fatal woundings bfor facs of Isral; thir horss, you will hamstring and thir chariots, you will burn in th fir. 11:6 So Jhovah said to, Do not b afraid in thir prsnc bcaus tomorrow, at about this sam tim, I will dlivr thm all ovr, slain, in th prsnc of Isral. You will hamstring thir horss and you will burn thir chariots with fir. 15 Barns Nots, Bakr Books, 1996; Vol. II, p. 379. 16 Kil & Dlitzsch s Commntary on th Old Tstamnt; 1966 Hndrickson Publishrs, Inc.; Vol. II, p. 88. Kil and Dlitzsch go into dtail why th ancint watrs of Mrom ar not to b idntifid with Lak Hulh on th sam pag. 17 Th Zondrvan Pictorial Encyclopdia of th Bibl; Mrrill C. Tnny, d.; Zondrvan Publishing Hous, 1976, Vol. 4; pp. 192 193.
Chaptr 11 342 Th way that God would dlivr ths mn ovr to Isral is dscribd by th masculin plural noun châlâl ( ) [pronouncd chaw-lawl], which mans slain, fatally woundd, woundd, pircd. BDB lists this as a noun, as dos Own; Gsnius and Nw Englishman s Concordanc as an adjctiv. It dscribs th rsult of somon who has bn pircd. Strong s #2491 BDB #319. God continually rassurd : And so Jhovah said to, Do not far thm, for I hav givn thm into your hands; not on of thm will stand bfor you. ( 10:8). 18 Zodhiats: Cutting th tndons of th lgs rndrd th horss unfit for military srvic. This is illustratd in th word translatd hamstrung. Isral hrslf was forbiddn by God to dvlop a cavalry (Dut. 17:16) bcaus God 19 wantd thm to dpnd upon Him, not th strngth of horss (Isa. 31:1, 3). To rmind you of th rfrnc to Dut. 17:16: Furthrmor, h [th king] will not multiply horss for himslf, nor will h caus th popl to rturn to Egypt to multiply horss, sinc Jhovah has said to you, You will nvr again rturn that way. Isa. 31:1 3: Wo to thos who go down to Egypt for hlp and rly on horss and trust in chariots bcaus thy ar many, and in horsmn bcaus thy ar vry strong, but do not look to th Holy On of Isral, nor sk Jhovah! Yt H also is wis and will bring disastr, and H dos not rtract His words, but H will aris against th hous of vildors and against th hlp of th workrs of iniquity. Now th Egyptians ar mn and thy ar not God; and thir horss ar flsh and not spirit. So Jhovah will strtch out His hand and h who hlps will stumbl and h who is hlpd will fall and all of thm will com to an nd togthr. Barns: This sinw [or, tndon] onc svrd cannot b hald, and th horss would thus b irrparably lamd. This was th first apparanc of horss in 20 th wars with th Canaanits. Howvr, I nd to add to that whn David capturd a ky city in his fight against th Philistins, h hamstrung thir horss, but not all of thm. H kpt nough for th 100 chariots that h also got in that battl (II Sam. 8:4). W hav a writtn rcord of th actual us of chariots and horss by th Jws only as arly as King Solomon (I Kings 9:22 10:26 29). And so cam and all his popl of th war with him upon thm by th watrs of Mrom suddnly and thn fll upon thm. 11:7 And so cam along with his popl and surpris attackd thm at th watrs of Mrom. Th final vrb in this vrs is th Qal imprfct of nâphal ( ) [pronouncd naw-fahl], which mans to fall, to li, to di a violnt dath, to b brought down, to sttl, to slp dply. Strong's #5307 BDB #656. Apparntly th larg coalition had mt and wr moving south. It was rathr difficult to mov this larg of any army du to having so many diffrnt gnrals involvd; thrfor thir movmnt was slow. It is unclar whthr knw of thir prsnc or coalition. Howvr, it had bn his custom to snd out spis to gt th lay of th land, to dtrmin th strngth and waknsss of an ara, and to hlp st stratgy. A situation lik this savs a grat dal of troubl. Th primary forcs which will act against him ar all right hr. Th implication of this vrs is that knw that thy wr all thr and h fll upon thm suddnly that is, h was th on with th advantag of surpris. McG: s stratgy, aftr dividing th land in two, was to com upon th nmy suddnly. You will s that 21 Alxandr th Grat and also Napolon usd ths sam tactics. Barns: As bfor, at Gibon (x. 9), so now anticipats his nmis. Takn by surpris, and hmmd in btwn th mountains and th lak, th chariots and horss would hav no tim to dploy and no room to act ffctivly; and thus, in all probability, th 22 unwildy host of th Canaanits fll at onc into hoplss confusion. Isral s suddn attack and th tight quartrs mad th chariots and horss mor of a liability to th Canaanits. Thr apparntly wr routs of scap, and th Isralits wr abl to follow thm and cut thm down. 18 19 20 21 22 Barns, Scofild, NKJV and NASB all citd th sam rfrncs. Tiny thrill. Th Complt Word Study Old Tstamnt; Dr. S. Zodhiats; 1994 AMG Publishrs; p. 601. Barns Nots, Bakr Books, 1996; Vol. II, p. 379. J. Vrnon McG, Judgs, h1976 by Thru th Bibl Books; p. 70. Barns Nots, Bakr Books, 1996; Vol. II, p. 379.
Th Book of 343 And so Y howah gav thm in a hand of Isral and so thy struck thm and so thy chasd thm as far as Grat Sidon and as far as Misrphoth-maim and as far as th vally of Mizph astward. And so thy struck thm until a rmnant did not rmain. 11:8 So Jhovah dlivrd thm into th hand of Isral. Thrfor, thy struck thm and chasd thm as far northwst as Grat Sidon, as far north as Misrphoth-maim, and as far ast as Mizph. Thy continud thir attack until thr wr no survivors. It is a difficult dtrmination from this vrs alon as to whthr th Isralits had ths opposing armis in such a trap that thy could only rtrat in on dirction. It would mak mor sns that thy had limitd scap movmnt to bgin with, but that, as som of thm continud to rtrat, that thr bcam mor options for dirction to mov in. From th watrs of Mrom, thy wr abl to procd ithr north-northast or northnorthwst. 11:8 map Th only Sidon which I am awar of is on th wstrn coast, vn abov Lak Hulh, in Phonicia, a littl north of Tyr. Barns suggsts that it could b Sidon-rabbah, which is a translitration of th grat Sidon. Sidon was 23 a mtropolis of various subjct towns and trritoris, which gnral ara will b givn to th trib of Ashr. It had not b conqurd, howvr (Judgs 1:31). This city is mntiond in ancint Egyptian papyri as wll as by 24 Homr and was, at on tim, th capital of Phœnicia. In latr tims, it was clipsd by Tyr. In th Old Tstamnt, as wll as th Nw, Tyr and Sidon ar continually mntiond togthr (Isa. 23:2, 4, 12 Jr. 27:3 47:4 Matt. 11:22 15:21). Sinc w will ncountr this city svral tims in th futur, w will go into mor dtail at that tim. ZPEB suggsts that Misrphoth-maim mans lim burning at th watr; Rothrham suggsts salt works or glasssmlting works; Barns suggsts salt pits or burnings. ZPEB suggsts that it is locatd nar Tyr, but that is basd only upon this vrs, which is not ncssarily th cas. Barns writs that it might b idntical with Zarphath, which was on of th towns blonging to Sidon (I Kings 17:9), making it th Sarpta of th Nw Tstamnt. Th nam could rfr to hot springs as wll as to a plac of smlting locatd nar watrs. is giving th furthrmost points that th opposing armis scattrd in. At som point in tim, thy would rtrat toward aras which thy knw, which would indicat that som would go north, othrs northwst and othrs northast. My thinking is that this would b mor than likly a northrnmost point, rathr than an ara clos to Sidon. Th Intrnational Standard Bibl Encyclopdia suggsts that Mirsrphoth-maim is on th coast, south of Sidon, but back pddal and suggst that this location is fin for now until a bttr suggstion coms alon. 13:6 indicats that on might find Mishrphoth at th northrn portion of Lbannon. Howvr, thy ar associatd thr again with th Sidonians, making a coastal location possibl. Mizph hr is splld diffrntly than in v. 3; howvr, th diffrnc is a vowl, and thy wr addd long aftr th fact. Thrfor, th diffrnc is likly to b insignificant. It would b rasonabl to dtrmin that this is th sam Mizpah as v. 3, nar Mount Hrmon, which would b to th northast. Whn it rads that Isral struck thm until a rmnant did not rmain, that mant in th aras compltly conqurd by Isral. W alrady know that thr ar a half dozn citis at last whr thr still xists a significant population of thos hostil to Isral. Ths ar lft thr by God to tst Isral ovr th nxt fw cnturis. In fact, som of ths aras will b occupid until th tim of David and Solomon. Thim, who is an xprt in ancint history, claims that som of ths popl scapd all th way to Africa and bcam th Carthaginians. And so did to thm as which Y howah said to him: thir horss h hamstrung and thir chariots h turnd in th fir. 11:9 So did xactly as instructd by Jhovah: h hamstrung thir horss and h burnd thir chariots with fir. 23 24 Barns Nots, Bakr Books, 1996; Vol. II, p. 379. This quot, as wll as most of this information, cam from Barns Nots, Bakr Books, 1996; Vol. II, p. 379..
Chaptr 11 344 It is intrsting that God did not hav kp thir horss and thir chariots to us in war. Howvr, as God has rquird through much of this, th Isralits wr kpt sparat from that which was closly associatd with th popls of th land. Matthws incorrctly assrts that th Isralits hamstrung th horss and burnd th chariots bcaus thy would not b skilld nough to rpair thm, nor would ths things hlp thm as invading 25 troops out of th hill country. Howvr, th Isralits did not do this bcaus thy rjctd progrss; thy did it bcaus God had so ordrd thm to (v. 6). God xpctd th Isralits to dpnd upon Him and not upon chariots or horss. Rturn to Outlin Conqurs Northrn Palstin And so turnd back in th tim th this and so h took Hazor and hr king, h struck in th sword; bcaus Hazor formrly, sh a had of all of th kingdoms th ths. 11:10 And thn turnd back at this tim and h took Hazor and hr king, h struck with th sword, bcaus Hazor was formrly th had of all ths kingdoms. Lik bfor, th maning is fairly asy to ascrtain; I am just looking to catch a fw dtails in th translation: Th Emphasizd Bibl NASB NIV Own's Translation Young's Lit. Translation Thn turnd back at that tim and capturd Hazor and th king throf smot h with th sword, for Hazor afortim was th had of [altrnat rading: was had to] all ths kingdoms. Thn turnd back at that tim, and capturd Hazor and struck its king with th sword; for Hazor formrly was th had of all ths kingdoms. At that tim turnd back and capturd Hazor and put its king to th sword. (Hazor had bn th had of all ths kingdoms). and turnd back at that tim and took Hazor and its king h smot with th sword for Hazor formrly it was th had of all thos kingdoms. And turnth back at that tim, and capturth Hazor, and its king h hath smittn by th sword; for Hazor formrly is had of all ths kingdoms. W first hav th Qal imprfct of th vrb for turn back, to rturn. Th most likly us of this vrb mans that and his mn first passd Hazor to gt to th coalition of th northrn kings; and that h thn rturnd, or wnt back th way h cam, back to Hazor and attackd it. In any cas, thy advancd on th nmy, followd thm in svral dirctions and killd thm. Thn thy rturnd to Hazor to burn it and dstroy th population thrin. Aftr th vrb rturn, w hav th bêyth prposition, th dfinit articl and th fminin substantiv êth ( ) [pronouncd ayth], and it mans tim, th right tim, th propr tim. Strong s #6256 BDB #773. This is furthr modifid by that dmonstrativ adjctiv, giving this a mor tmporal, logical flow. That is, this indicats that s attack upon Hazor was nxt. Aftr th word Hazor, w hav th lamd prposition and th masculin plural of pânîym ( ) [pronouncd paw-neem], which mans facs. With th lâmd prposition, it mans in th sight of, in th prsnc of, in your fac, bfor th fac of or, mor litrally, to or for th facs. Howvr, w do hav a advrbial tmporal us of this noun, which is what w find hr (and in Dut. 2:12, 20 Judgs 1:10, 11, 13); in this cas it mans formrly. Strong s #6440 BDB #815. What this would imply is that Hazor was a mor powrful city in th past. What som authors hav suggstd is that Egypt, undr Pharaoh Sthos I, attackd and plundrd Hazor circa 1300 B.C., and that finishd th job in this chaptr. This causs som problms with our tim tabl, as is likly conquring ths lands in th lat 1300 s. Howvr, what is dfinitly implid is that was not attacking Hazor in its hyday. 25 Mannrs and Customs in th Bibl; Victor H. Matthws; 1991; Hndrickson Publishrs, Inc.; p. 62.
Th Book of 345 In thinking this ovr, th maning is somwhat mor obscur. Assuming that did this immdiatly aftr his attack upon and th dfat of northrn th coalition, thn w hav th problm of Hazor s king. Did that king scap and surviv? What is most likly is that v. 8 is a summary vrs; particularly with th rfrnc to not laving a survivor. What w hav in th following vrss is a mopping up opration whr gos through th northrn kingdom and continus to act of laving not a survivor. Although it is possibl that had killd th king in th original battl, it is mor likly that h was killd whn attackd Hazor. What I am saying is that xact chronological squnc is not clar. Th rasons that thn attackd Hazor ar varid: (1) it is th soundst thing to do psychologically spaking. All indications ar th Hazor is th largst and th dominant kingdom of th northrn ara (in fact, in all of Palstin). If taks it, thn grat psychological rlif is providd for his own mn, and grat far will fall upon thos who ar his nmis throughout th northrn kingdom. (2) Hazor may b th narst major city. (3) Thr was apparntly som who scapd to Hazor and and his mn pursud thm thr to finish thir dfat. Th dfat of th armis at th watrs of Mrom was a much gratr victory, but was rquird to attack and dstroy th citis from whnc ths armis originatd. Thy cam out of ngativ volition and thos who rmaind in th citis would b no mor positiv volition thrin. It is likly that som soldirs rmaind in th city and that som scapd th dvastation of Mrom and rturnd to th city. Th archological sit of Hazor has rvald that Hazor had bn burnd circa 1400 B.C., circa 1300 B.C. and circa 1230 B.C. Th NIV Study Bibl idntifis th dstruction of 1300 B.C. with Pharaoh Sti I of Egypt, giving us ithr th lat or th arly dat for th dstruction of city by. Although I hav not don xtnsiv studis on th timing, my ducatd guss would b for th arlir dat. And so thy struck all th soul who [wr] in hr to a mouth of a sword compltly dstroying [thm]. All brathing did not rmain and Hazor h burnd in th fir. 11:11 So thy struck vry soul in Hazor by th mouth of th sword, compltly dstroying thm. Thr was not lft rmaining a brathing prson; and Hazor, h burnd with fir. Again, w should look at othr translations hr to clar ovr som rough spots: Th Emphasizd Bibl NASB Young's Lit. Translation And thy smot all th souls that wr thrin with th dg of th sword, dvoting thm to dstruction, thr was lft no brathing thing, and Hazor burnd h up with fir. And thy struck vry prson who was in it with th dg of th sword, uttrly dstroying thm; thr was no on lft who brathd. Andh burnd Hazor with fir....and thy smit vry prson who is in it by th mouthof th sword; h hath dvotd h hath not lft any on brathing, and Hazor h hath burndt with fir. A mouth of a sword is prcdd by th lamd prposition, which can dnot th mark of a dativ, and it can b rndrdby. No Strong s # BDB #510. Th NASB translators and myslf cam up with th sam problm. Aftr prtty much a complt sntnc w hav th Hiphil infinitv absolut of châram ( ) [pronouncd khaw-ram], which mans compltly dvotd to, dvotd to, or compltly dstroyd. Strong's #2763 BDB #355 (& #356). Th Hiphil infinitiv absolut prsnts a vrb in th activ voic with causativ action, usd as a vrbal noun, gnrally usd as a complmnt of affirmation. Th infinitiv absolut is a vrbal noun which can srv as a noun, a vrb or an advrb. Thrfor, w can rndr this, compltly dstroying [thm] or a complt and total dstruction [or, dvotion]. rd Th nxt vrb is th 3 prson masculin singular, Niphal prfct of yâthar ( ) [pronouncd yaw-thahr], which mans to rmain ovr, to rmain. Strong s #3498 BDB #451. What did not rmain is givn nxt as th masculin singular construct of kôl ( ) [pronouncd kol], which mans th whol, all of, th ntirty of, all, vry. Strong's #3605 BDB #481. This is followd by th fminin singular noun n shâmâh ( )
Chaptr 11 346 [pronouncd n shaw-maw], which mans brath; with kôl, it mans vry brathing thing. Strong s #5397 BDB #675. This causs m som confusion. Is this th subjct? That is, dos th vrb hav to agr with brathing thing or with all? As has bn mntiond many tims it was th command of God to dstroy ntirly 26 th inhabitants of ths citis (Dut. 7:22 20:16 10:40). That Moss mad this command will b notd in th nxt vrs; that God so commandd Moss will b notd in vv. 15 and 20. And all citis of th kings th thos and all thir kings capturd and thn h struck thm to a mouth of a sword h uttrly dstroyd thm as which commandd Moss, a srvant of Y howah. 11:12 So sizd all th citis of thos kings and all thir kings. H thn struck thm with th mouth of a sword, compltly dstroying thm as Moss, a srvant of Jhovah, had commandd him. Th word for king hr is th masculin plural of mlk ( ) [pronouncd MEH-lk], which mans king, princ. Strong s #4428 BDB #572. W think of much largr mpirs whn w think of a king, but what w hav hr ar not much diffrnt than military mayors. What has m somwhat confusd is th phras and all thir kings. That lattr phras has th wâw conjunction, th sign of th dirct objct, and th phras all thir kings. Thir is in th masculin plural, so w ar not rfrring back to citis, which is in th fminin plural. Th only rasonabl thing for is to rfr to is thos kings. I m thinking that ithr Own mad a mistak hr, or thr is a mistak in th vrs. It would mak sns for to siz th citis of thos kings and to siz th kings of thos citis as wll. I don t s thos kings as having kings ovr thm. Rothrham rndrs this as and all th kings throf; th NASB, Young and Own: and all thir kings; KJV: and all th kings of thm. Th vrb is th Qal prfct of lâkad ( ) [pronouncd law-kahd], which mans to captur, to siz, to tak; quit th popular vrb with. Strong s #3920 BDB #539. Moss rcivd this command from God: Thn spok to Moss in th plains of Moab by th Jordan Jricho, saying, Spak to th sons of Isral and say to thm, Whn you cross ovr th Jordan into th land of Canaan, thn you will driv out all th inhabitants of th land from bfor you, and you will dstroy all thir figurd stons, and you will dstroy all thir moltn imags and you will dmolish all thir high placs; and you will tak possssion of th land and you will liv in it, for I hav givn th land to you to possss it. And you will inhrit th land by lot according to your familis, to th largr, you will giv mor inhritanc, and to th smallr, you will giv lss inhritanc. Whrvr th lot falls to anyon, that shall b his. You will inhrit according to th tribs of your fathrs. But if you do not driv out th inhabitants of th land from bfor you, thn it will com to pass that thos whom you allow to rmain will b as twigs in your ys and as thorns in your sids, and thy will troubl you in th land in which you liv. (Num. 33:50 55). But all of th citis th standing ons upon thir mounds, Isral did not burn thm xcpt Hazor by hrslf alon burnd. 11:13 But of all th citis which wr standing upon mounds, Isral did not burn thm, with th xcption of Hazor, which burnd. What w find hr hlps to clarify th masculin plural suffix of th prvious vrs. Thir in thir mounds; and thm ar both masculin plural suffixs hr. Citis, a fminin plural, must b rfrrd back to with masculin suffixs for som rason. Th standing ons is th dfinit articl and th Qal activ participl, fminin plural of âmad ( ) [pronouncd aw-mahd], which mans to tak a stand, to stand, to rmain, to ndur, also on of s favorit vrbs. Strong's #5975 BDB #763. As a participl, it acts as a vrbal noun. Mound is th masculin singular of têl ( ) [pronouncd tal], which mans mound, ruins, hap; it can man th mound or hill whr a city stood. Although w hav sn this word quit a numbr of tims as attachd to th nams of prsnt mountains and sits, it is only found twic in, onc in Dutronomy and twic in Jrmiah. Th corrsponding Arabic word is tll. Th us of this word would imply that Hazor had bn burnd to th ground bfor, which puts us at a latr dat (assuming that th archologists ar accurat about thir dats). Givn whr Hazor probably is, it would sm mor likly that Egypt would hav conqurd and burn Hazor to th ground prior to th attack of Isral and that Hazor had bn rbuilt by th tim that Isral invadd th land. 26 On might say that it was th command of Moss in th first two passags to dstroy all that livs; th scond passag indicats that this is in accordanc with God s will.
Th Book of 347 Howvr, dos not actually us th word têl with Hazor, but with th surrounding citis, th ons which h allowd to rmain standing. Furthrmor, on could argu that bcaus of th dstruction of ths citis built upon hills and bcaus anothr city was built upon th ruins of th formr city, that têl cam to man ruins, hap, whr it first bgan to simply man mound. Strong s #8510 BDB #1068. W hav two particls of xcption. Prior to Hazor, w hav th conjunction zûlâh ( ) [pronouncd zoo-lah], which mans xcpt, bsids, only, sav that. Strong s #2108 BDB #265. Aftr Hazor, w hav th lâmd prposition and th masculin singular noun bad ( ) [pronouncd bahd ], which rfrs to sparation, by itslf, alon. Most translators ignor th lâmd prposition, as it is difficult to translat into somthing which maks sns in th English (s Num. 11:14 Dut. 1:9 8:3 II Sam. 10:8). Sinc this had th fminin suffix (rfrring back to th city of Hazor), I rndrd this as by hrslf alon. Strong s #905 BDB #94. And all spoil of th citis th ths and th cattl thy pillagd for thmslvs, sons of Isral; only all of th man thy struck down by a mouth of a sword until h [th mouth of th sword] anihilatd thm. Thy did not lt rmain vry brathing thing. 11:14 And th sons of Isral pillagd all th spoil of ths citis as wll as th cattl; howvr, vry man thy struck down with th dg of th sword until thy wr dstroyd. Thy did not spar anyon who brathd. rd Th first vrb is th 3 prson plural, Qal prfct of bâzaz ( ) [pronouncd baw-zahz], which mans to spoil, to plundr, to pillag, to dspoil, to dprdat, to frboot, to ransack. Strong s #962 BDB #102. Th vrb is rd followd by th lâmd prposition and a 3 prson masculin plural suffix. Sons of Isral is th subjct. Th word for spoil is th masculin singular construct of shâlal ( ) [pronouncd shaw-lawl], which mans booty, spoil, plundr; w might rndr it as rcompns or thir rward for bliving God and carrying out His plan. Strong's #7998 BDB #1021. I was rally xpcting ths words to b cognats of on anothr, but obviously, thy ar not. Th nxt phras bgins with th advrb raq ( ) [pronouncd rahk] mans only, providd, altogthr, surly it carris with it rstrictiv forc. It adds a limitation to somthing prviously xprssd, in which cas it is rndrd only. Lt m show you how othrs hav rndrd raq: but (KJV, NKJV, Own, Th Amplifid Bibl); only (Young) nvrthlss (Rothrham). Strong s #7534 & #7535 BDB #956. Th rstrictiv forc is that thy did not tak th mn with thm as booty or spoil (i.., as slavs). What follows is, litrally, all of th man thy struck by a mouth of a sword until. rd rd Thn w hav 3 prson masculin singular, Hiphil prfct, 3 prson masculin plural suffix of th vrb shâmad ( ) [pronouncd shaw-mahd] mans to annihilat, to xtrminat in th Hiphil. This word is found only in th Niphal or th Hiphil, so a causal rlationship may or may not xist. Strong's #8045 BDB #1029. rd W thn hav th ngativ and th 3 prson plural, Hiphil prfct of shâ ar ( ) [pronouncd shaw-ahr] and it mans to lt rmain, to lav ovr, to lav bhind. Ths ar Hiphil manings and this vrb is found onl in th Niphal and th Hiphil. Strong s #7604 BDB #983. What thy did not allow to surviv was th construct of kôl (all of, vry), and th fminin singular of n shâmâh ( ) [pronouncd n shaw-maw], which mans brath; with kôl, it mans vry brathing thing. Strong s #5397 BDB #675. In this cas, it obviously is applid only to human bings, as thy took th cattl for spoil. This was as pr th command of Moss: Whn Jhovah your God givs a city into your hand, you will strik all of th mn in it with th dg of th sword. Only th womn and th childrn and th animals and all that is in th city, all its spoil, you will tak as booty for yourslf; and you will us th spoil of your nmis which Jhovah your God has givn you. (Dut. 20:13 14). 27 27 Although th contxt of this passag is for th citis outsid th land, this portion applis to th citis within Palstin.