AP Art History Powerpoint By: Shabeeb Reza
Introduction 1. Petra, Jordan 2. Treasury, Jordan 3. Great Temple, Jordan 4. Buddha Bamiyan, Afghanistan 5. The Kaaba Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Petra, Jordan Located in the southwestern desert of Jordan between the Red Sea and the Dead Sea Half-built and half carved into rock Rose city Was the capital city to the Nabataean kingdom 400 BCE-100 CE Nabataean Ptolemaic and Roman
Strabo- 64 BCE-21 CE A greek Geographer and historian Recorded the Nabataeans activities
Nabataeans A nomadic tribe from Arabia in sixth century BCE Highly skilled engineers and highly skilled traders Spoke a dialect of Arabic and later adopted the use of Aramaic Worshipped a pantheon of deities
King Aretas IV (reigned 9 BCE- 40 CE) Aretas, King of the Nabataeans, Friend of his People Crucial for adjusting state affairs
Nabataean Religion The six main gods: Al Quam-the warrior god, Al Kutbay-the god of divination, Allat-the goddess of spring and fertility, Al Uzzagoddess of love, Manawat-the god of destiny, and Dushares-lord of the mountains Represented their gods in the form of a stelae
The Siq The siq is referred to a thaniya which means a small crack in a mountain The siq is the main entrance into Petra 3 meters wide(9.8 feet) and 1.2 kilometers(0.75 mile) long
Treasury- Al-Khazneh 400 BCE-100 CE Greek-influenced architecture Nabataean Ptolemaic and Roman 250 feet high Sandstone Made for King Aretas IV?
Corinthian Capital
Pediment
Treasury On top, four eagles rest representing to carry away the souls Middle level, rest the dancing Amazon's, Isis-Tyche, and twin gods (Castor and Pollux)
Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade
Great Temple One of the largest and freestanding complexes in Petra Nabataeans and King Aretas IV Nabataean style Sandstone 400 BCE-100 CE
Buddha Bamiyan, Afghanistan Located between India and Central Asia 400-800 CE Cut rock with plaster and polychrome paint Considered to be the largest buddha statue in the world Gandhara
Gandhara=Greco-Buddhist Art
Buddhism in Afghanistan Buddhism was one of the main religions in Afghanistan in 350 BCE Greek Seleucid Empire and the Indian Mauryan Empire to form a federation
The Destruction of the Buddha
Before destruction and after destruction
Reconstruction Buddha in 3D
The Kaaba Mecca, Saudi Arabia Created by Ibrahim and Ismail for the dedication to Prophet Muhammad 631-632 CE Pre-Islamic Monument Granite masonry, covered with silk curtain and calligraphy and silver wrapped thread
Ibrahim and Ismail Prophet of God The sacrifice
Brief Understanding of the Kaaba
The Black Stone- Al-Hajar-Aswad Stone from paradise Brought from the angel Gabriel
The modifications of the Kaaba 644-656 Caliph Uthman, built the colonnades around the open space 683 Caliph Ibn-Zubayr resembled the black stone with a silver frame, he also rebuilt the Kaaba in wood and stone 705-715 Umayyad caliph Al-Walid decorated it with mosaics In the seventh century, the Kaaba was covered with the kiswa 1468-1496 Sultan Qaitbay built a madrasa against one side of the mosque 1520-1574 Suleiman I and Selim II renovated the complex massively 1631 Kaaba was entirely rebuilt after natural disasters During the 1950s, Saudi Arabia government expanded the mosque
Calligraphy The most important use of art in Islamic art Highest form of art Used to transmit text (Qur'an) from God to Muhammad
Mosque architecture Sahn (courtyard)
Mosque architecture Mihrab (niche)- used for position to pray
Mosque architecture Minaret-used to call for prayer
Mosque architecture Qubba (dome)symbolic representation of the vault of heaven
Mosque architecture (decorations) Hanging lampsused to lighten prayer hall through day and night
Mosque Architecture Mosque patronageschools,kitchens, medical clinics...etc
Famous Islamic Monuments Selimiye Mosque, Edirne, Turkey Built in sixteenth century Considered to be one of the best examples of Islamic Architecture
Famous Islamic Monuments Nasir Al-Mulk Mosque, Shiraz, Iran Built in 1888 Known as the pink mosque Considered to be a traditional mosque
Nasir Al-Mulk Mosque, Shiraz, Iran
Famous Islamic Monuments Hassan II Mosque, Casablanca, Morocco Built in 1993 Largest mosque in Africa Tallest minaret in the world (689 ft) On the coast of the Atlantic Ocean
Hassan II Mosque, Casablanca, Morocco
Famous Islamic Monuments Taj Mahal, Agra, India Built in 1632-1658 Built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan Dedicated to his wife(s)
Bibliography http://nabataea.net/gods.html http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/his_nabateans.html https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-artcivilizations/nabataean/a/petra-the-rose-red-city-of-the-nabataeans https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-asia/southasia/afghanistan/a/bamiyan-buddhas https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-islam/beginners-guide-islamic/a/thekaaba