Modern Europe- Cooke Name: January, 2017 Modern Europe MIDTERM Exam Study Guide LOGISTICS OF THE MIDTERM: The exam is on Wednesday, January 25th at 8 am Location: Math Computer Lab, Universal Computer Lab, Language Computer Lab (note: you will be writing the essay portion of the exam on a computer and will only have access to the computer and your outline during the essay portion of the exam) The midterm exam is worth 10%-20% of your Semester 1 grade WHAT YOU SHOULD BRING WITH YOU TO THE MIDTERM: 2 sharpened pencils/2 pens to the exam (whichever you prefer to use on answer sheet) A one-page outline for the exam essay. This outline must follow the guidelines in this guide. EXAM FORMAT: 40 Matching (1 point each=40 points total) (Part I-no outline allowed) 10 Who am I? (1 point each=10 points total) (Part I-no outline allowed) 50 Multiple Choice (1 point each=50 points total) (Part I- no outline allowed) 1 Essay (100 points) (Part II- outline allowed) Total= 200 points UNITS COVERED: Renaissance & Reformation, English Civil War, Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment, French Revolution, Napoleon & Congress of Vienna and Industrialization What you can do between now and the end of classes: We will spend 2-3 days in class reviewing for the exam. The more you have studied at that point, the more effective the review session/time will be to you. You should be sure that you are not missing any notes, handouts, study sheets, etc. If you are missing anything, check the website or ask a classmate whether you can copy their notes. At a minimum, between now and the end of classes, I would suggest that you at least read over the essay question and begin thinking about how you might outline it. If you are so inclined, I would also suggest pulling together definitions for the terms on this review sheet from test/quiz review sheets. Extra Help: I m available for extra help as always during blocks 4, 6 and 7 or before/after school by appointment. If you would like to meet to review one-on-one before the exam, I would strongly encourage you to make an appointment sooner rather than later as there is only one of me and many of you! I will also be available during exam week to review as well. GOOD LUCK STUDYING! 1
Key Terms and Questions Look through your notes and handouts from all of the units. You should familiarize yourself with the following terms and concepts: ( Note: The following questions are drawn from the many review sheets you have been given this year they are not new questions. The terms you are no longer responsible for knowing are crossed out.) RENAISSANCE/REFORMATION: 1. What had life been like for Europeans before the Renaissance? a. What was the social hierarchy? b. Who/what determined what people knew about the world? 2. What were the causes of the Renaissance? a. What factors came together to cause the Renaissance to start in Italy? b. What were similarities and differences between the city-states? Renaissance The Medicis Humanism Secular 3. What were the effects of the Renaissance? a. What were the six major art innovations during the Renaissance? b. Why did the Renaissance spread? c. How was the Northern Renaissance different than the Southern (Italian) renaissance? d. What changes did the Renaissance bring to society? da Vinci Van Eyck Durer Gutenberg 4. What were the causes of the Reformation? a. Why were followers unhappy with the Catholic Church before the Reformation? b. How did the Renaissance help to lead to the Reformation? c. How was Martin Luther involved in the Reformation? Reformation Dispensations Indulgences Desiderius Erasmus Martin Luther Justification by Faith 95 Theses Lutheranism 5. What were the effects of the Reformation? a. What new religions and movements emerged? b. What are differences between the Catholic Church and the various Protestant Churches (Lutheranism, Calvinism, Anabaptists and Anglicanism) c. What were the goals of the Counter-Reformation? John Calvin Calvinism Predestination Anabaptists Henry VIII Church of England Act of Supremacy Counter-Reformation Jesuits Ignatius of Loyola The Inquisition Council of Trent ENGLISH CIVIL WAR: 1. What was life like in England before the English Civil War? a. What divisions existed in England before the English Civil War? b. How did James I inherit the throne? How are the different houses (Tudors & Stuarts) 2
related to each other? c. Who ruled England? The king? Parliament? Magna Carta Divine Right of Kings James I Absolute Monarchy Parliament 2. What caused the English Civil War to happen during the rule of Charles I? a. What events led to the English Civil War and caused it to happen? (focus on the political, economic and religious events) Puritans Charles I Ship Money Nineteen Propositions William Laud Petition of Right Long Parliament Short Parliament 3. What happened during the English Civil War? How did it end? a. What groups of people joined each side? b. Why did the Roundheads win the war? c. Why was Charles I executed? What was he accused of? Was Charles s trial fair? Cavaliers Roundheads 4. What happened after the English Civil War in England? a. What kind of government existed in England after the Civil War? Through what chain of events did England go back to a monarchy? b. What rights did the Bill of Rights guarantee? How was the Bill of Rights a reflection of England s past problems? Oliver Cromwell Charles II James II Constitutional Monarchy Glorious Revolution William & Mary English Bill of Rights Act of Settlement 5. Map a. You should also be able to identify the different countries that make up the United Kingdom and Great Britain on a map. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION/ENLIGHTENMENT: 1. What was the Scientific Revolution? It s impact? a. What was the Scientific Revolution and when did it begin? b. Who was threatened by the Scientific Revolution and why? c. What is the Scientific Method? What was its impact? d. What were the results of the Scientific Revolution? (ie what changes did it bring)? Copernicus Brahe Kepler Galileo Newton Bacon Descartes Boyle Vesalius Harvey Pare Von Leeuwenhoek 2. What was the Enlightenment? Its impact? a. What was the Enlightenment and when and why did it begin? b. What were the core beliefs of the Enlightenment? 3
c. How did the Enlightenment spread? d. What were some disagreements or challenges during the Enlightenment? e. For each of the following philosophers from our salon, you need to list their most important beliefs and why they they had these beliefs: Rousseau Voltaire Wollstonecraft Hobbes Locke Montesquieu FRENCH REVOLUTION: 1. Background: What was life like in France before the French Revolution? What led to the revolution? a. What was life like in France in the late 18 th Century? i. What was the estates system? Who made up each estate and what power did they have (if any)? Who was taxed? ii. How well was France governed before the Revolution? b. What were the causes for revolt? Old Regime First Estate Second Estate Third Estate Louis XVI Marie Antoinette Clergy Bourgeoise 2. First Stage: The start of the revolution: 1789-1791 a. Why did Louis XVI call together the Estates General in 1789? What happened? b. What was the significance of the storming of the Bastille? c. What rights were given in the Declaration of the Rights of Man? What conditions in France did it respond to? d. Did women gain rights during the French Revolution? Estates General National Assembly Tennis Court Oath Great Fear March to Versailles Civil Constitution of the Clergy 3. Second Stage: Constitutional Monarchy & Radicalization (1791-1792) a. Explain the political spectrum. i. What is left-wing? Right-wing? ii. What side is pro-change? Anti-change? b. How did the French revolution turn radical in 1792? Constitutional Monarchy Jacobins Girondists 4. Third Stage: Reign of Terror 1793-1794 a. Why was Louis XVI executed? b. How did the Reign of Terror terrorize the French people? Guillotine Republic Reign of Terror Committee of Public Safety Maximilien Robespierre 5. Fourth Stage : Fall of Revolution (1794-1799) a. Did the Directory fix all the problems facing France? NAPOLEON/CONGRESS OF VIENNA: 1. Who was Napoleon? Why was he important? 4
a. How did Enlightenment ideas impact the French Revolution and Napoleon? b. How did Napoleon rise to power? c. How did the rise of Napoleon create upheaval across Europe? d. How were the revolutionary reforms changed under Napoleon? e. How did Napoleon build and defend his empire? f. What events led to Napoleon s downfall? Napoleon Bonaparte Coup d etat The Napoleonic Code Battle of Austerlitz Battle of Trafalgar Continental System The Burning of Moscow Louis XVIII 100 Days Campaign Battle of Waterloo St. Helena Concordat of 1801 2. Congress of Vienna: a. What were the goals of the Congress of Vienna? b. What were the three guiding principles of the Congress of Vienna? c. What were the results of the Congress of Vienna? d. What were lasting impacts of the Congress of Vienna? Metternich/Austria Talleyrand/France Tsar Alexander/Russia Castlereagh/Great Britain King Frederick William III/Prussia Balance of power Legitimacy Compensation INDUSTRIALIZATION: a. What was the Industrial Revolution? When did it happen? b. Why did England experience the Industrial Revolution first? c. What are the differences between the domestic system and the factory system? d. What effects did the Industrial Revolution have on life in England? e. What were conditions like for workers in factories? f. How did England change as a result of the Industrial Revolution? Enclosure Acts Communism Capitalism Tories/ Whigs Adam Smith Laisse-faire 5
Part II: Essay In Part II, you will be asked to write a four paragraph exam essay. Below is the essay question you will respond to on the exam. In preparation for the essay, you should create a ONE-SIDED, ONE-PAGE OUTLINE for that essay question. You may use your outline only during the essay portion of the exam. You will hand in the outline with your exam. On Google Classroom, there is an essay prep document to help you prepare for making your outline. There are certain requirements for this outline (if you do not meet these requirements, you will lose 10 points): 1. You may only write on ONE side of the paper (8.5 x 11 ) 2. You may only write in outline form you cannot have a pre-written essay. You may, however, write out your thesis, topic sentences and primary source quotes. Otherwise, everything should be in note form only. 3. If you choose to TYPE the outline, the font cannot be smaller than 12 point font, and the margins must be at least 1 inch on all sides. If you choose to HANDWRITE your outline, you must single-space it and maintain margins so as to be fair to those who choose to type. I will be grading your essay on the following components: 1. The essay demonstrates careful preparation utilizing specific references to specific examples and quotes when appropriate (remember primary source quotes are good pieces of specific evidence!) 2. The essay is carefully organized in terms of topic and sequence, easy to follow, fairly well-written and avoids use of casual language. 3. The essay has an introduction with a clear thesis statement and 3 body paragraphs, which include information on at least THREE different units we covered this semester. Within each paragraph you need at least TWO clear, detailed examples to support the main idea of the paragraph. In total, your paper should have AT LEAST SIX SPECIFIC EXAMPLES to support your thesis. 4. The essay is supported with specific examples/historical evidence (quotes, statistics, etc.) that you use to back-up your main ideas. Essay Question: At the start of year (way back in September!), we started off by examining different types of power (political, religious, economic, artistic, social, education and scientific/technological). As we have studied European history from 1450-1820, we examined changes to all of these categories of power within the continent. For your midterm essay, you will need to pick three types of power (political, religious, economic, artistic, social, education or scientific/technological) to answer the following question: Between 1450 and 1850, how did power shift within Europe? What was the overall impact of all these changes on the continent? You will write a four-paragraph essay answering this question. In each body paragraph, you will identify the main players (individual leader, institutions, groups of people) who secured that specific power and who lost that specific power. I have included a bit about the format below, my grading criteria and an outline for you to layout your argument. You must include paragraphs from three different units and about three different types of power. 6
Midterm Exam Essay Prep You will write a four paragraph that answers the following prompt: Between 1450 and 1850, how did power shift within Europe? What was the overall impact of all these changes on the continent? In preparation for the essay, you should create a ONE-SIDED, ONE-PAGE SET OF NOTES (OUTLINE FORM ONLY) that essay question. You may use your outline during the essay portion of the exam. You will hand in the outline with your exam. Use the sheet below to begin preparing for the essay portion of the exam thinking about the format of your essay. You will then put this together in a one-page, one-sided outline. Introduction: Introduce the time period, what was happening, etc. in Europe between 1450-1850: Thesis (answer the bolded question above): Body Paragraph 1: Unit: Type of power: Topic sentence (what are you arguing in this paragraph?): EVIDENCE (include at least 2 SPECIFIC, DETAILED examples to support your argument): Who got the specific power, why & when: Who lost the specific power: Overall impact of this change in power: 7
Body Paragraph 2: Unit: Type of power: Topic sentence (what are you arguing in this paragraph?): EVIDENCE (include at least 2 SPECIFIC, DETAILED examples to support your argument): Who got the specific power, why & when: Who lost the specific power: Overall impact of this change in power: Body Paragraph 3: Unit: Type of power: Topic sentence (what are you arguing in this paragraph?): EVIDENCE (include at least 2 SPECIFIC, DETAILED examples to support your argument): Who got the specific power, why & when: Who lost the specific power: Overall impact of this change in power: 8