The Reformation in Europe Chapter 16
16-1 THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
What Caused the Reformation? In Northern Europe Christian humanism begins People want to change the Catholic Church Desiderius Erasmus believed people should show goodness all the times, not just for salvation
What Was the Catholic Church Doing? The Church became political & began to ignore the needs of it s people People wanted to be sure they would get to heaven and be assured of salvation The Church begins to sell indulgences or documents sold & signed by the Church to release people from sins
Martin Luther German monk in the Catholic Church He began questioning the Church because he believed that not all humans were saved through their good work, but through faith in God This idea (justification of faith) became a framework of the reformation
95 Theses Luther gets angry because the Church sells indulgences to build St. Peter s in Rome Writes 95 Theses to show his anger and posts them on Castle Church in Wittenberg He separates from the Catholic Church
Lutheranism People began to listen & question the Church Eventually many people followed the ideas of Luther and began to form churches His doctrine becomes know as Lutheranism
16-2 THE SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM
Switzerland Ulrich Zwingli 1. A priest in Zurich 2. Introduced religious reforms in Switzerland & created a new form of Protestantism 3. Creates the Swiss Reformed Church
Swiss Reformed Church Replaced the Catholic Church in Zurich White washed all the walls of the church Created new services that consisted of: 1. Prayer 2. Bible Readings 3. Sermons No music, and no art was a part of the Swiss Reformed Church.
John Calvin Takes control of the Swiss Reformed Church after the death of Zwingli Well educated French man, he fled France to escape persecution of the Catholic Church Believed that faith alone was sufficient justification for the afterlife Developed a theory of predestination based on the existence of an allpowerful God.
Calvinism Became an expansionist faith under the leadership of Calvin Spread through France, The Netherlands, Scotland, and parts of central and eastern Europe.
England Henry VIII wants to divorce his wife Catherine The Pope refuses to let him divorce Henry persuades Parliament to vote to break with the Catholic Church He claims all Catholic property throughout England Forms the Church of England and names himself as the Church leader
Anabaptists Considered to be dangerous by many leaders of both the Catholic, and Protestant churches Believed in a strict separation of Church and state Considered all followers of the word of God to be equal. Founded the city of Munster as a safe haven from persecution. The city was destroyed in the 1530 s.
Education Advances The Reformation Created a spread of education in Europe. Making education more: 1. Accessible to the lower classes 2. Well rounded in the form of the humanist movement 3. Sought after by members of society due to an interest in biblical knowledge The reformation also produced one of the first state funded education systems, due to Martin Luther s insistence on educating Christians.
Changes to Marriage Banishment of monasticism, and the removal of restrictions on the clergy encouraged a new way of looking at marriage Protestants were encouraged to marry for mutual love
The Counter Reformation Movement 16 th century Europe What happened as a result? 1. The Jesuits-Vowed obedience to the pope. Used education to spread the Catholic message. (sound familiar?) 2. The reform of the papacy- Corruption of the Papacy is researched and corrected under the watch of Pope Paul III. 3. The Council of Trent-Reaffirmed the position of the Catholic Church, and created a resurgence of faith from followers.