Name: Chapter 14: Reformations and Religious Wars, 1500-1600 AP Euro Mr. Nielsen Complete the graphic organizers as you read Chapter 14. DO NOT SIMPLY HUNT FOR THE ANSWERS AS DOING SO WILL LEAVE GAPS IN YOUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE TEXT. Be sure to include details regarding the political, economic, intellectual, and social/cultural themes. Although this graphic organizer only covers some sections in the chapter, you are responsible for the content in the entire chapter. Section One: The Early Reformation read pgs. 445-457 and complete section one. A. The Christian Church in the Early Sixteenth Century Explain the main issues critics of the church focused on in the early 16 th century. 1. 2. 3. 4. B. Martin Luther 1. What caused Luther anxiety? 2. What did Luther come to believe?
3. According to Catholic theology, what is purgatory? 4. What is an indulgence? 5. What was Luther s argument regarding indulgences in the Ninety-Five Theses on the Power of Indulgences? 6. How did the Catholic Church respond? C. Protestant Thought 1. Describe the origin of the word protestant. 2. Ulrich Zwingli
What was Zwingli s central belief? What Catholic traditions did he attack? 3. Describe the four basic tenets of Protestant thought. Salvation Religious Authority Church Christian Life What was an important issue on which Protestants disagreed? What was the purpose of the Colloquy of Marburg in 1529 and was it successful? D. The Appeal of Protestant Ideas 1. Why did Luther s ideas appeal to the educated, humanists and middle class? 2. What have historians attributed to Luther s broad appeal?
3. What were Luther s beliefs regarding secular rulers? 4. Explain the spread of the Reformation to each of the following. Denmark-Norway Northern Norway and Iceland Sweden E. The Radical Reformation 1. What ideas separated the radicals? 2. Why did Protestants and Catholics fear the radicals? 3. Describe the reaction to radicals. F. The German Peasants War 1. What grievances did the Swabian peasants outline in the Twelve Articles?
2. Explain why Luther did not support the peasants. 3. What were the consequences of the German Peasants War of 1525? G. The Reformation and Marriage 1. How did the Protestants view marriage? 2. What were the Protestant views on the roles of men and women? 3. How did Protestant and Catholics views on divorce differ? 4. Explain how the spread of Protestantism impacted prostitution. Section 2: The Reformation and German Politics read pgs. 457-459 and complete section 2. A. The Rise of the Habsburg Dynasty 1. Draw a diagram to show how Charles V inherited his global empire.
2. What did Charles V believe was his duty? B. The Political Impact of the Protestant Reformation 1. How did Luther use patriotism? 2. Why were German rulers attracted to Protestantism? 3. How did religious fighting begin in 1546? 4. Explain the Peace of Augsburg of 1555 and what it accomplished? Section Three: The Spread of the Protestant Reformation read pgs. 459-466 and complete section 3. A. The Reformation in England and Ireland 1. Why couldn t Pope Clement VII grant Henry and annulment? 2. Describe the following acts to show how Henry used Parliament to break with the Roman Catholic Church. Act in Restraint of Appeals 1533:
Supremacy Act 1534: 3. What were the economic consequences of breaking with the Roman Catholic Church? 4. What were the reactions to Henry s break? 5. How did the spread of the Reformation to Ireland fuel tension between the Irish and the English? 6. What were the political consequences of the Reformation? 7. How does Elizabeth quell the religious upheaval and move religion to a more moderate position in England?
B. Calvinism 1. What are the main beliefs of Calvinism? 2. How did Genevans learn the reformed religion? 3. What was the job of the Genevan Consistory? 4. What were considered criminal acts and how were they punished? C. The Establishment of the Church of Scotland 1. 2. How did John Knox reform the Church in Scotland? 3. 4. 5. 6.
D. The Reformation in Eastern Europe Describe the spread of Protestantism to the following regions. Bohemia Poland-Lithuania Hungary Section 4: The Catholic Reformation read pgs. 466-472 A. The Reformed Papacy 1. How did Pope Paul III try to reform the Roman Catholic Church? 2. How did the Holy Office attack heresy? B. Council of Trent 1. Dates
2. What were the goals of the Council of Trent? 3. What obstacles did the Council face? 4. What were the Council s achievements? C. New Religious Orders 1. Why were the religious orders created? 2. Describe the following religious orders. Ursuline order of nuns Jesuits Section Five: Religious Violence read pgs. 472-477 A. French Religious Wars 1. Who was the victor of the Habsburg-Valois Wars? 2. What were the results of the wars? $
$ $ $ 3. How did King Francis I try to solve the economic problems of France? 4. What was the Concordat of Bologna and what were the consequences? 5. What percentage of France converted to Calvinism? 6. What was a primary motive for the conversion of the nobility? 7. How did the St. Bartholomew s Day Massacre lead to civil war? 8. How did the politiques, including Henry of Navarre, save France? 9. What was the Edict of Nantes? How did it try to establish religious peace in France? B. The Netherland Under Charles V 1. Explain how the Low Countries were organized politically. 2. How did Charles V divide his territories when he abdicated in 1556?
3. Who did Calvinism appeal to in the Netherlands? Why? 4. How did civil war begin in the Netherlands? 5. How were the Low Countries divided? 6. Why did Elizabeth I support the Union of Utrecht? What was the result of English support? C. The Great European Witch Hunt Define a witch. Describe who was/could be considered a witch. Explanations for the witch-hunt.