1 Isaiah 5 Warning = This is some of the more difficult Hebrew you will read. (5.1) א שׁ יר ה 1010b. sing under BDB = שׁיר 187b. beloved, love; uncle under BDB =דּוֹד ודת beloved (poetry) under BDB 391b. Arb wadda love. Sab = י ד יד loving-one, friend, amie. 501b. vineyard under BDB = כּ ר ם 901b. horn; hill under BDB = ק ר ן 1032a. = fat; oil under BDB שׁ מ ן (5.2) This verse contains several rare and difficult vocabulary. ו י ע זּ ק הוּ ring. Arb ע ז ק ת א = Piel dig about under BDB 740a. Hapax. Arm ע ז ק ʿazaqa clean, furrow the earth (with implement). stone, put to death by stoning, Piel stone, pelt with stones; free = ס ק ל from stones under BDB 709b. 642a. plant under BDB = נטע.שׁ ר יק hiss, (perhaps also) whistle, pipe under BDB 1056b. Arm = שׁרק 428b. wine-vat, (sometimes also) wine-press under BDB = י ק ב
2.מחצב Ph.ח צ ב hew, hew out, cleave under BDB 345a. Arm = ח צ ב 875b. wait for under BDB = ק ו ה 772a. grape(s) under BDB = ע נ ב Hapax. stinking or worthless things; wild grapes under BDB 93a. = בּ א שׁ ים (5.3) 1047a. judge, govern under BDB = שׁ פ ט 106b. discern under BDB = בּ י ן (5.4) enough. 1 Verb is easy ו יּ ע שׂ (5.5) Another difficult verse with rare vocabulary. verb? hollow סר is a preformative that leaves ה Difficult verb. If the ה ס ר You need to check hollow verbs principal parts chart to see what form this might be. סור = turn aside, Hiphil cause to turn aside, depart, remove, take away under BDB 693a especially 694a. 2 962a. hedge under BDB = מ שׁ כ ה,מ שׂוּכּ ה burn, consume, Piel kindle, burn, consume, destroy under BDB = בער 128b. parāṣu.. Perhaps Akk פ ר ץ = I break through under BDB 829a. JArm פרץ Arb faraṣa cut, slit; hit. 1 5,4 a Q a וישה which means Qumran (1QIsa a ) has וישה (not sure what that is supposed to be, and it raised?) 2 5 a Q a אסיר which means Qumran (1QIsa a ) has אסיר = Hiphil prefix 1cs I will remove.
3 ğidru(n) Arb ğadru(n),.ג ד יר א,ג ד יר א wall under BDB 154b. Arm = גּ ד ר enclosing-wall. 942b. trampling-place, trampling under BDB = מ ר מ ס (5.6) Another difficult verse with rare vocabulary. Uncertain. end, destruction under BDB 144b. Hapax? = ב ת ה 3 ו א שׁ ית הוּ ב ת ה Rare. = II trim, prune under BDB 274b. ז מ ר root. = II Niphal hoe under BDB 727a. The verb here is based on this עדר 727a. = I help under BDB עדר 727b. = III Niphal be lacking, fail under BDB עדר 1038b. thorn(s), adamant, flint under BDB = שׁ מ יר 1011b. (collective) thorn-bushes under BDB = שׁ י ת 728a. dark cloud, cloud-mass, thicket under BDB = ע ב < II ה ע ב ים 565a. (denominative) Hiphil send rain, rain under BDB = מטר 564a. rain under BDB = מ ט ר (5.7) 642b. plantation, planting under BDB = נ ט ע 1044a. delight under BDB = שׁ ע שׁ ע ים 3 Propose reading ו א שׁ בּ ית הוּ = and I will give him rest based on verb root.שׁבת Editors provide no textual support for this emendation!
4 1048a. judgment under BDB = מ שׁ פּ ט outpouring (of blood), bloodshed under BDB 705b. Based on root = מ שׂ פּ ח?מ שׁ פ ט Perhaps to look/sound similar to.ס for שׁ so note,ספה II 842a. righteousness under BDB = צ ד ק ה 858b. cry, outcry under BDB = צ ע ק ה (5.8) 222b. ah, alas, ha under BDB = הוֹי arrive touch, reach, strike, Hiphil cause to touch; reach, approach, = נגע under BDB 619a. Arm נ ג ע Itpael be struck (with disease). אפס Grammatical note This is an example of privative עד אפס מקום (lacking, without, un-, there is no. The negative א פ ס can indicate lack of something. So literally until without room = until there is no room. See Williams 426. pronoun. Difficult verb form. Immediately recognize the affix והוּשׁבתם Note ה preformative and U class vowel which suggests which stem and which root? Hint = check your 1st י principal parts chart. (5.9) This verse is one of the most difficult grammatically. 23b. 4 ear under BDB = א ז ן 1031b. waste, appalment under BDB = שׁ מּ ה Literally in my ears, Yhwh of hosts: If not many houses will become a waste, great and good/beautiful with no one living = (perhaps something like) I heard Yhwh of hosts say, (I swear that) many כ י therefore he (Yhwh) swore ; Septuagint has equivalent of ל כ ן נ שׁ בּ ע 4 Editors propose Targumim. for it was heard, compare נ שׁ מ ע
5 houses will become desolate, large and beautiful with no one living n them. (5.10) couple, pair; acre (what two oxen can plough in a day) under BDB = צ מ ד 855a. Root צמד = bind, join under BDB 855a. 144b. = II bath (unit of liquid measure, about 40 liters) under BDB בּ ת 5 אחת 330b. = III homer (dry measure about 393 liters) under BDB ח מ ר 35a. ephah (measure of grain = 10 omers) under = איפ ה Literally for 10 pair vineyard will make one bath, homer of seed will make one ephah = a vineyard of ten acres will produce one bath (of wine), one homer of seed will produce one ephah (of grain). (5.11) (denominative) Hiphil start, rise early under BDB 1014b. Compare = שׁכם Genesis 22:3. Grammatical note This is a construct chain with genitive משׁכמי בבקר prepositional phrase. Usually the genitive in a construct chain (the last word in a construct chain) is a noun/pronoun a prepositional phrase in-the- can act as the genitive. So those-who-get-up-early-(of) (בבקר) morning. See Williams 30c. 922b. pursue, chase, persecute under BDB = ר ד ף 767a. twilight under BDB = נ שׁ ף BDB29b. = Piel delay, tarry under אחר.אחת (masculine form) instead of אחד 5 Qumran has
6 196a. burn (intransitive); hotly pursue under BDB = דּ ל ק Literally ah, those who arise early in the morning, they pursue strong drink; those who delay in the evening, wine hotly pursues them. (5.12) You are about to receive an education in the vocabulary of various ancient Israelite musical instruments. 490a. lyre under BDB = כ נּוֹר 614. = II (musical instrument), harp, lute, guitar(?) under BDB נ ב ל 614a. = I skin-bottle, skin; jar, pitcher under BDB נ ב ל 1074a. timbrel, tambourine under BDB = תּ ף 319b. flute, pipe under BDB = ח ל יל 613b. = Hiphil look under BDB נ ב ט 795b. deed, work under BDB = מ ע שׂ ה Literally lyre and lute, timbrel and flute, and wine (is) their feasts; the acting of Yhwh they do not regard, and the work of his hand they do not see. (5.13) Difficult verse in terms of both grammar and vocabulary. uncover, remove (> exile) under BDB 162b. Wait. So they went or = גּ ל ה they will go into exile??? Grammatical note This is the perfect of certitude also called prophetic perfect, rhetorical future, accidental perfective, perfect of confidence. In other words the prophet uses a past tense verb to describe a future event as if it has already happened. So my people went into exile => my people will go into exile. See Williams???
7 458b. abundance, honour, glory under BDB = כּ בוֹד 242a. sound, murmur, roar, crowd, abundance under BDB = ה מוֹן Hapax. parched under BDB 850a. = צ ח ה 854b. be thirsty under BDB = צ מ א (colloquial) males, male מת male, man under BDB 607a. Zinj = מ ת offspring. Akk mutu husband. Eg m-t phallus, male. 6 מ ת י Literally therefore uncovered my people from not having knowledge, and its honor men of hunger, and its crowd parched of thirst = therefore my people go into exile because they lack knowledge, its nobles are dying(?) of hunger, its multitude parched with thirst. (5.14) Brutal. be, or grow wide, large, Hiphil make large, wide, enlarge under = ר ח ב BDB 931a. Arb faʿara.פ ע ר open wide (the mouth) under BDB 822a. Jarm = פער chasm (?). 982b. She ol, underworld under BDB = שׁ אוֹל Grammatical note Williams 244 mentions Isaiah 5:14 but as a פיה counter-example to the ב of transitivity (preposition ב to mark what in English would be a direct object, therefore we do not translate it). without, (lacking, ב ל י Grammatical note Example of privative לבלי חק un-). The negative ב ל י can indicate a lack of something. The 6 Two manuscripts מ תי instead of מ ת י so dying of rather than men of.
8 prepositions ב or ל can be prefixed to.בלי So to-without limit = without limit. 349a. something prescribed, a statute or due; limit under BDB = ח ק 214a. ornament, splendor, honour (chiefly poetry) under BDB = ה ד ר 981a. roar (of waters), din, crash, uproar under BDB = שׁ אוֹן Hapax. exultant, jubilant under BDB 759b. = ע ל ז Wow. Literally therefore Sheol makes wide its throat(?), and opens wide its mouth without limit, and her/its splendor, and her/its multitude, and her/its uproar will go down, jubilant in her/it = therefore Sheol enlarges its throat, and opens its mouth wide without measure, and her (Jerusalem s?) splendor, multitude, and uproar will go down all who exult in her. (5.15) Very difficult verb. Peel away the prefix + waw-consecutive. Note ו יּ שּׁ ח strong dagesh in first(?) root letter. שׁ ח ח = bow, be bowed down, Niphal be prostrated, humbled under BDB 1005b. Take a moment to look up this form in geminate verbs principal parts chart.. 1050a be or become low, be abased under BDB = שׁ פ ל 147a. high, exalted under BDB = ג ב הּ (5:16) Akk gabâni.ג ב הּ be high, exalted under BDB 146b. Arb = גבהּ heights(?). Arb jabhatu(n) forehead. Note strange lack of mappiq 7.ה in final 839a. army, war, warfare; host under BDB = צ ב א 7 16 a six L, mlt Mss Edd הּ which means this is how the Leningrad Codex reads, many manuscripts and published editions of the Hebrew Bible have הּ or he with mappiq.
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