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Hebrew Step-By-Step By Rae Antonoff, MAJE Distributed by JLearnHub -ח יו / ש - Page 1

ח Lesson 38: Patach Ganuv - Maybe you ve heard of some rules in English like i before e except after c that have plenty of exceptions: weird beige foreign neighbor Well, Hebrew also has some exceptions to its rules. (Not as many as English though! Whew!) One very common exception comes up when a Hebrew ח word -ends with This exception is called the Patach Ganuv, or Stolen Patach/AH-vowel, because the vowel gets stolen and is said before the letter. ח Like in the word for happy : מ ש ח ACH MAY Now you try: מ ח ש as in SA ח ג ש מח ח ג ש מ ח! (Have a) happy holiday! Page 2

Now you can read the Hebrew word for moon : י רח and a phrase many communities say after someone reads the Torah or delivers a d var Torah (speech/short sermon): י ש ר כ ח! It s used a little bit like מ ז ל ט וב but since מ ז ל ט וב literally means good luck (even though we use it as congratulations ), instead we offer praise for something that requires learning and practice (like chanting Torah or giving a speech) by wishing that they go כ ח! strength (in) forward Page 3 י ש ר Reading Strategy: Other Stolen Vowels Technically, the Patach/AH gets stolen when it comes under an ע/ Ayin at the end of a word too ל ש מ וע ש ב וע ר ק יע heavens week to hear/listen which used to make a difference back when the Ayin made a sound. But since the Ayin is generally silent now, it doesn t really change the sound.

Read Aloud! Read the Hebrew below. Lines separate the syllables for you on the ח top. Can you divide ה the syllables on the bottom yourself? ר ו כ ח 1 ש מ ח ס ו ל ח the spirit / wind strength 2 מ ש ל ו ח ק ר ח forgives happy 3 ת פ ו ח ו מ צ מ י ח bald delivery / shipment 4 and brings forth ה ר וח כ ח ס ולח apple 5 ש מ ש ל וח ח קרח ומ צ מ יח forgives strength the wind / spirit מ ח ת פ ו apple delivery / shipment happy 6 7 and brings forth Page 4 bald

Match-A-Rhyme Read the Hebrew on the right out loud, then the Hebrew on the left. Match the ones that rhyme! (One has been done for you as an example!) A ל וח מריע ך 1 blackboard Noah נ ח (boy s name) B קרח ש מ ח ר וח spirit/wind C in the scent/ ב רי ח smell D ש יח כ יח snot E כ ח פח A ר ח ש ולח sends B א וח נ ש יח conversation C ריח ל וח blackboard D מ ש יח כ וח strength E ס ולח we will have a 2 bald 34 bush/shrub 5 strength 1 spirit/wind 23 scent/smell 4 messiah/ 5 forgives happy eagle owl savior Page 5

Speed Read! Time yourself reading the Hebrew below out loud at least twice. What s the fastest time you can get? 1 ר וח נ ח ס ולח forgives Noah (boy s name) spirit / wind 2 ש מח ש ולח ריח 3 א ו ח מ צ ל יח פ וסח scent / smell sends happy ר passes over succeeds guest / visitor 4 ל וח מ ש יח פ ותח opens x messiah / savior blackboard 5 י רח ומ צ מ יח כ ח strength and brings forth moon 6 ת פ וח ל ש בח ק לח he showered / washed to praise apple Time Log: 1 2 3 4 Page 6

Reverse It! Write out Hebrew that sounds the same as the English on the left. The first one has been done for you as an example! KO-ACH 1 ROO-ACH 2 TZOLAY-ACH 3 YARAY-ACH 4 BOTAY-ACH 5 KAYRAY-ACH 6 NO-ACH 7 SAMAY-ACH 8 MATZMEE-ACH 9 Vowels ו ו Letters א ב/ב ג ד ה ו ז ח ט י כ ך/כ ל מם נן ס ע פ/ פ צ ק ר ש/ש ת Page 7

יו - AH-Yud-Vav Lesson 39: Usually, either AH-vowel followed by a Yud sounds like ie, either at the end of in the middle: ח י ל י ל ה מ ת י when night life but when a Vav is also added יו י ד his hands the AH still sounds like AH, so that word sounds like YAH-DAV. Basically, the Yud does nothing except change the spelling. This ending usually means his. Now you can read all of the possessive endings. (hands), you can give י ד ים If you take the word it an ending to say whose hands they are: י דינ ו our hands י ד י my hands your (m, pl) hands י דיכ ם י ד your (f, pl) hands י דיכ ן י ד their (m) hands י דיה ם י ד יו his hands י דיה ן their (f) hands י ד י ה her hands י ך your (m) hands י ך your (f) hands Page 8

Read Aloud! Read the Hebrew below. Lines separate the syllables for you on the top. Can you divide the syllables on the bottom yourself? 1 נ יו ב ח י יו ק ר א יו י ד יו א ח יו ע ב ד יו his life his call his brothers his sons his hands א ל ה יו ב מ ר מ יו in his heights ב his servants / workers ח י ד יו נ יו his God י יו 2 3 4 5 א ע ב ד יו א יו his sons his hands his life 6 ח יו ק ר his call his servants / workers his brothers 7 א ל ה יו ב מ ר מ יו in his heights his God Page 9

Soundalike Matching Read the Hebrew on the right out loud, then the Hebrew on the left. Match the ones sound exactly the same but are spelled differently! (One has been done for you as an example!) 1 ח י יו י מ ב A his life י ד ב B א ח יו ח י ב have to C י ד יו י מיו ב נ ב in the growing D ע כ ב E ב נ יו required to/ 2 34 5 his brothers his hands his days his sons א לה יו ב מ ר ומ ב A 1 his God ע ב ד יו ק ב נ ב B 2 his servants ק ר א יו א ב ד ב C 3 his call ב מ ר מ יו כ ור ע ב D 4 in his heights כ ב נ יו ע ל וה ב E 5 like sons Page 10

Sound Count How many Hebrew letters in each row make the same sound as the English? RAV 1 ר ב ד ו ריב ר יו ד ב ר ו י ו TAV 2 ט ב ת יו מ יו ט יו ת ב ט ב KAV 3 כ ו ק יו כ יו כ ב קו כ יו ק ו TZAV 4 צב צ יו ע ב צ ב ע יו צ ב צ ו SAV 5 ס יו ש ב ש ו סב ש יו ט ב ס ו AV 6 א ב ע יו ע ב א יו צ ב עו ט יו CHAV ת יו ח ב כ ו כ יו ח ו ה ב ח יו (guttural) 7 VAV 8 ו ו ב יו ב ב נ ו ר יו ו יו ב ב ו ו Page 11

Lesson 40: Kamatz-Katan You know two vowels that usually make an AH sound: AH kamatz and you ll recall that when either one is followed by a yud, it changes to ie : AH patach י י IE kamatz-yud IE patach-yud Sometimes, the kamatz (T), but never the patach ( ), turns into an oh sound: OH chataf-kamatz katan regular OH kamatz-katan The rules for when a kamatz turns into kamatzkatan/oh are complicated but some thoughtful publishers will make the kamatz-katan a little longer, a different color, or different in some other way so it s easier to read. katan katan regular Page 12 regular katan regular

There are two very common words that always get a kamatz-katan/oh, and it s handy to know them in case you need to read some Hebrew from a lazy publisher who didn t bother making the kamatz-katan look different: ה כל כל everything all And whenever the kamatz (T) combines with the sh va/silent vowel, and it always turns into OH, and it s usually paired with a kamatz-katan: צ ה ר י ם ט וב ים! ה ר י ם afternoon! Good צ afternoon You ve probably heard kamatz-katan in some of the prayers and songs you already know. Read these words with a kamatzkatan out loud take your time, some can be tongue-twisters! 1 ק ד ש ו ח פ ש י ת כ נית ה כ ל ב כ ל in/with all everything program/show free (people) his holiness 2 א מ נ ות ע ב ד י ך חננ ו ז כ רינ ו your servant pardon us remember us art ב ח כ מ ה ב ך כ ש ב ו ך 3 ק ד ש ג ד ל ך your greatness in wisdom and when you sit your holiness 4 א ה ל יא ב צ ה ר י ם ל פ ע ל ו נ ע מ י to his work (girl s name) afternoon (a biblical king s name) Page 13

Soundalike Matching Read the Hebrew on the right out loud, then the Hebrew on the left. Match the ones sound exactly the same but are spelled differently! (One has been done for you as an example!) his holiness A כ ל ק ד ש ו 1 all/every א וב ד י my lost thing B ק ד ש ו ק ול voice C ח פ ש י ח וכ מ ה wisdom D ע ב ד י ח פ ש י free (people) E ח כ מ ה 23 4 5 wisdom his holiness free (people) my servant A ג ד ל ך ק ו ד שכ ה 1 your greatness ו כ נינ ו B ק ד ש ך ז כ רנ ה C ע ב ד י ך א ו ו ד ך D ז כ רינ ו ג ד לכ ה ` E ו ח ננ ו 23 45 your holiness your servant remember us and pardon us Page 14

Kamatz-Katan in Action Read the Hebrew out loud keep an eye out for that OH/kamatz-katan! Circle the ones you recognize from services or a song you ve heard before. Source ל ה י ות ע ם ח פ ש י ב א ר צנ ו ה ת ק ו ה 1 Israeli National Anthem ק ד וש ה Part of the Amidah 2 ק ד וש Part of the Amidah 3 ל ד ור ו ד ור נ ג יד ג ד ל ך ה וב ד ב רי קד ש ך כ ת וב לאמ ר ע ש ה ש ל ום וב ורא א ת ה כ ל א שר ב ד בר ו מע ריב ע ר בים בח כ מה פ ות ח ש ע רים וא ה ב ב כל ל ב ב ך וב כל נ פ ש ך וב כל מ א ד ך י וצר א ור Morning Prayer 4 5 מ ער יב ער ב ים Evening Prayer 6 ת 7 וא ה ב ת וב שכ ב ך וב ק ומ ך ק יד וש ו ש ב ת קד ש ו ב א הב ה וב ר צ ון ה נ ח יל נ ו 8 ל ש ב ת Shabbat Kiddush ש ל א ש ם ח ל קנ ו כ ה ם ו ג ור לנ ו 9 ע לינ ו כ כל המ ונ ם 10 ע לינ ו וש כ ינ ת ע ז ו ב ג ב הי מ ר ומ ים Page 15

Speed Read! Time yourself reading the Hebrew below out loud at least twice. What s the best time you can get? 1 כ ל א מ נ ות ע ב ד י my servant art all 2 ק ד ש ו צ ה ר י ם ג ד ל ך your greatness afternoon his holiness 3 ח פ ש י ב ג ב הי נ ע מ י Naomi (girl s name) in the heights of free (people) 4 ח כ מ ה ל פ ע ל ו ב כ ל 5 ק ד ש ך ת כ נ ית ל in all to his work wisdom מ כ from all program/show your holiness 6 ה כ ל וב ש כ ב ך ח ננ ו pardon us and when you sit everything Time Log: 1 2 3 4 Page 16

Hebrew-by-Number Use the number chart at the bottom to fill out a verse from the Book of Psalms remember that some letters change shape when they re at the end! Once you ve filled out the verse, read it out loud to a friend! 5 9 80 300 40 10 5 30 1 5 40 6 100 : 30 8 50 400 5 400 1 10 20 90 200 1 5. 40 10 6 3 5 30 20 2 - Psalm 82:8 י ט ח ז ו ה ד ג ב א 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ר ק צ פ ע ס נ מ ל כ 200 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 ת ש 400 300 Fun Fact: Writing a number in Hebrew uses the same numbers כה = 25 and יא = 11 example, as the chart! For Page 17

ש+ Reading Strategy: Double-Duty Dot Hebrew publishers can get a bit lazy sometimes when there s an OH vowel followed by a Shin: So this dot is a Double- Duty dot: it s the OH vowel and the Shin dot at the same time! = ש OSH Shin OH Hebrew scribes and printers may have started doing this to save money on ink and parchment, back when those were very expensive, and every little dot adds up! ש ך ח ש ך ח darkness This doesn t come up very often but now you can be prepared for it when that Double-Duty Dot shows up, like in the middle of the Ma ariv Aravim (evening creation) prayer: Page 18 ג ולל א ור מ פ ני ח ש ך ו ח ש ך מ פ ני א ור Circle every double-duty dot you see!

Put It All Together Now you can read the whole Ma ariv Aravim prayer for creation we say in the evenings read it out loud with a friend, then to a teacher! (Draw in all the syllable lines if they help you out the next page has them drawn in for you so you can check your work!) 1 ב ר ו ך א ת ה א ד ונ י א להינ ו מ ל ך ה ע ול ם 2 אש ר ב ד ב ר ו מ ער יב ער ב ים 3 ב ח כ מ ה פ ותח ש ע ר ים 4 וב ת ב ונ ה מ ש נ ה ע ת ים 5 ומ חל יף א ת ה ז מ נ ים 6 ומ ס דר א ת ה כ וכ ב ים 7 ב מ ש מ ר ותיה ם ב ר ק יע כ ר צ ונ ו. 8 ב ורא י ום ו ל י ל ה 9 ג ולל א ור מ פ ני ח ש ך ו ח ש ך מ פ ני א ור 10 ומ עב יר י ום ומב יא ל י ל ה 11 ומ ב ד יל בין י ום ובין ל י ל ה, 12 א ד ונ י צ ב א ות ש מ ו. 13 אל ח י ו ק י ם 14 ת מ יד י מ ל ו ך ע לינ ו ל ע ול ם ו ע ד. 15 ב ר ו ך א ת ה א ד ונ י, ה מ ער יב ער ב ים. Page 19

Put It All Together Draw syllable lines in the Ma ariv Aravim prayer on the previous page then check your work here! ב ר ו ך א ת ה א ד ו נ י א ל הי נ ו מ ל ך ה ע ו ל ם א ש ר ב ד ב ר ו מ ע ר יב ע ר ב ים ב ח כ מ ה פ ו ת ח ש ע ר ים ו ב ת ב ו נ ה מ ש נ ה ע ת ים ו מ ח ל יף א ת ה ז מ נ ים ומ ס דר א ת ה כ ו כ ב ים ב מ ש מ ר ו תי ה ם ב ר ק י ע כ ר צ ו נ ו. ב ו רא י ום ו ל י ל ה ג ו לל א ור מ פ ני ח ש ך ו ח ש ך מ פ ני א ור ו מ ע ב יר י ום ו מ ב יא ל י ל ה ו מ ב ד יל בין י ום ו בין ל י ל ה, א ד ו נ י צ ב א ות ש מ ו. אל ח י ו ק י ם ת מ יד י מ ל ו ך ע לי נ ו ל ע ו ל ם ו ע ד. ב ר ו ך א ת ה א ד ו נ י, ה מ ע ר יב ע ר ב ים. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Page 20

Lesson 41: Devious Dagesh These are the three sets of twin letters. This one turns into a vowel. You ve seen several letters that can get a dot in the middle that dot is also called a dagesh. Sometimes the dagesh changes the sound of a letter: ב ב Page 21 and sometimes it doesn t change the sound at all: ת As a general rule, although the dagesh shows up for a lot of complicated spelling and grammar reasons, it only changes the sound when it appears inside four letters: ב כ פ ו ב B V כ K CHHH פ P F ו OO V ת dagesh ד גש 1 2 3 4

Dagesh Dig Circle every letter where the dagesh changed the sound. Cross out every letter where the dagesh did nothing. (Use the chart on the last page to help! If it s not on the chart the dagesh will never change its sound!) פ ג ת כ ב ל ק ו ש ס צ מ ו נ ט פ י ב כ ד כ ס ש ב ל ו ק פ מ כ ו ז ב ג ד ת פ צ כ ש נ כ ק ת ו ב ט ס פ ב THE EXCEPTION Every once in a while, you ll run into a Vav that has both a dagesh and another vowel: מ צ ו ה ה ו ע ד מ צ ו ת י my commandments the committee commandment When this happens, the Vav keeps its V-sound. מ צ ו ת י וע ד ה וה מ צ VOE VAH VAH Each letter can only get one vowel. The other vowel always wins. Page 22

Packet 8 Review Now you can read the whole Shabbat Kiddush, the blessing for the Shabbat wine read it out loud with a friend, then to a teacher to earn your Packet 8 Award! (Draw in all the syllable lines if they help you out the next page has them drawn in for you so you can check your work!) Bonus: Highlight the word that has a Vav with a dagesh and another vowel! ב ר ו ך א ת ה א ד ונ י א להינ ו מ ל ך ה ע ול ם ב ורא פ ר י ה ג פ ן. ב ר ו ך א ת ה א ד ונ י א להינ ו מ ל ך ה ע ול ם אש ר ק ד ש נ ו ב מ צ ו ת יו ו ר צ ה ב נ ו, ו ש ב ת קד ש ו ב א הב ה וב ר צ ון ה נ ח יל נ ו ז כ ר ון ל מ עשה ב ראש ית, כ י ה וא י ום ת ח יל ה ל מ ק ר אי ק ד ש, זכ ר ל יצ יא ת מ צ ר י ם, כ י ב נ ו ב ח ר ת ו א ות נ ו ק ד ש ת מ כל ה ע מ ים ו ש ב ת קד ש ך ב אה בה ו ב רצ ון ה נ ח ל תנ ו. ב ר ו ך א ת ה א ד ונ י מ קדש ה ש בת. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Page 23

Packet 8 Review Check your syllable lines on this page! Bonus: Highlight the word that has a Vav with a dagesh and another vowel! ב ר ו ך א ת ה א ד ו נ י א ל הי נ ו מ ל ך ה ע ו ל ם ב ו רא פ ר י ה ג פ ן. ב ר ו ך א ת ה א ד ו נ י א ל הי נ ו מ ל ך ה ע ו ל ם א ש ר ק ד ש נ ו ב מ צ ו ת יו ו ר צ ה ב נ ו, ו ש ב ת קד ש ו ב א ה ב ה וב ר צ ון ה נ ח י ל נ ו ז כ ר ון ל מ ע שה ב רא ש ית, כ י ה וא י ום ת ח י ל ה ל מ ק ר אי ק ד ש, ז כ ר ל י צ י א ת מ צ ר י ם, כ י ב נ ו ב ח ר ת ו א ו ת נ ו ק ד ש ת מ כל ה ע מ ים ו ש ב ת קד ש ך ב א ה בה ו ב ר צ ון ה נ ח ל ת נ ו. ב ר ו ך א ת ה א ד ו נ י מ ק דש ה ש ב ת. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Page 24

8 This award certifies that has completed Packet 8 in the Hebrew Step-By-Step program, now knows all the Hebrew letters: א ב/ב ג ד ה ו ז ח ט י כ/כך ל מם נן ס ע פ/פף צץ ק ר ש/ש ת and all the vowels, including the tricky ones: ו ו and is ready to start learning prayers, blessings, and Torah! Teacher Signature: Student Signature: ח י Page 25