30-1 The Hiphil often describes causing an action Simple Cause a state Cause an action Active Passive Reflexive Qal He saw Piel He caused him to be angry Hiphil He caused to see he showed Niphal He was seen Pual He was caused to be angry Hophal He was caused to be seen he was showed Niphal He saw himself Hithpael He made himself angry 30-2 The Hiphil Often Describes Causing an Action יצא Qal he went out Hiphil he caused to go out he brought out אכל Qal he ate Hiphil he caused to eat he fed ראה Qal he saw Hiphil he caused to see he showed 30-3 Some Hiphil Verbs are NOT Causative Entering into the state expressed by the Qal זקן Qal he is old Hiphil He grew old 30-4 Declaring someone to be in the state expressed by the Qal רשׁע Qal to be guilty Hiphil to declare guilty Simple action (like the Qal) שׁכב Hiphil He arose early
30-5 30-6 Hiphil Parsing code H ה Hiphil verbs begin with ק ט יל ה HP3ms ק ט ל HM2ms HA ק ט יל H Imperfect and Participle have their usual preformatives ט יל י ק HI3ms ק ט יל תּ HI(3f2m)s ק ט יל א HI1cs ט יל נ ק HI1cp ק ט יל HPtMS Remember Hiphil-Haphil Preformative vowel V P shifts like V 1 in piēl-paēl V P in the perfect ה HP V P elsewhere HM, H, HA נ א תּ י in the imperfect in the participle 30-7 ק ט יל ה ק ט ל תּ י ה ט יל י ק ט ל נ ה ק תּ ק ט יל ק ט ל Hiphil Stem Vowel Pattern Î[A] ~ Î(Ē) Î[A] Î ( י ) in the Perfect 3 rd person A ( ) in the Perfect 1 st and 2 nd person ~ Î(Ē) י י ( Î ) in the Imperfect, Imperative, & Ē ( ) in the FP As expected: י י ( Î ) in the Participle Ē ( ) in the Infinitive Absolute 30-8
Exceptions to the Hiphil Stem Vowel Pattern HM2ms uses Ē ( ) when there is no pronominal suffix טלללל ט ט ט ק ק י י ( Î Expected it to be ) like the HI2ms 30-9 Hiphil Stem Vowel: Defective and Irreducible י י ( Î The Hiphil stem vowel ) can be written defectively as Hireq ים E.g., ית שׁ שׁח חי חי חי ים vs. Judg 20:42 ת ח ח ח ח שׁ שׁ Gen 19:13 30-10 Singular Jussive and Iwc often use Ē ( ) ט יל י ק י ק ק טלללל ט ט ט טלללל ט ט ט and ו יּ ק ק י י ( Î Hiphil stem vowel ) never reduces Because it is an unchangeable long vowel ט טי טי טי יל לה לה לה ה E.g., HP3fs ק ק ה Even when it is written defectively י ס סגּ גּ גּ גּ רוּוּוּוּ E.g., HI3mp י כ תּ רוּ, י י What to Memorize for the Hiphil 30-11 Parsing code H hiphil-haphil V P I ( Hireq ) in the Perfect V P A ( Pathach ) elsewhere Hiphil verbs begin: ה Perfect Imperative,, A י Imperfect ( נ א תּ (י Participle V S Î[A] ~ Î(Ē) Î י is irreducible and can be written defectively as HM2ms uses Ē ( ) if no pronominal suffix Î ( י ) often Ē ( ) in singular HJ, HIwc 30-12
1-Guttural Imperfect Verbs Hiphil Imperfect begins י Qal Imperfect begins י For 1-guttural verbs Qal Imperfect begins י or י Distinguish by stem vowel. י י Hiphil has which never reduces י ע מ ד is QI3ms because V S יד י ע מ is HI3ms because V S י verbs lose the stem vowel ambiguous ה- 3 י ע ל ה is עלה (QH)I3ms 30-13 30-14 Don t confuse ה with Niphal Preformative ה Hiphil Perfect begins ה (hiph îl) ק ט יל ה Niphal ImperativeInfinitive begins ה קּ ט ל ה 30-15 Chapter 30 Parsing Randomized (14) 30-16.1 ג דּ ילוּ ה HP3cp They made great.2 שׁ מ יד H to destroy.3 תּ ירוּ ו יּ ס HIwc3mp They hid.4 ג דּ יל ים HPtMP ones who make great.5 ז כּ יר תּ HI(3f2m)s (sheyou) will make known.6 כּ לּ ת כלה D to finish.7 ק ר ב נוּ ה HP1cp we brought near.8 ר ב ו נּ ק HIwc1cp we brought near.9 ז כּ ירוּ HM2mp make known!.10 שׁ ל יכוּ HM2mp throw down!
Chapter 30 Parsing Randomized (24) 30-17 HI(23)fp (theyyou) will make known HIwc3mp they made great (boasted) HI2mp you will make known.11 ז כּ ר נ ה תּ.12 ילוּ ו יּ ג דּ.13 ז כּ ירוּ תּ.14 ל ך ו יּ שׁ HIwc3ms he threw down.15 ג דּ יל ל ל+ H to make great.16 ק ר יבוּ ה HP3cp they brought near (sacrificed).17 בּ ט ח י תּ בטח NI2fs you will be trusted.18 ס תּ יר ה א HC1cs I shall hide.19 שׁ ל י ך א HI1cs I shall throw down.20 ר יב נ ק HI1cp we will bring near (sacrifice) Chapter 30 Parsing Randomized (34) to make known you will bring near (sacrifice) ones filling throwing down.21 ז כּ יר H.22 ק ר יבוּ תּ HI2mp.23 לּ א ים מ מלא DPtMP.24 שׁ ל יכ ה HPtFS.25 בּ ט ח י ה בטח.26 שׁ מ יד ל ל+ H N(M2fs +1cs) בטח 30-18 be trusted!my being trusted to destroy to go up make known! I will make known throwing down.27 ע ל ת עלה Q.28 ז כּ ר נ ה HM2fp.29 ז כּ יר א HI1cs.30 שׁ ל כ ת HPtFS Chapter 30 Parsing Randomized (44) 30-19.31 שׁ מ ד H(M2msA) destroy! to destroy.32 שׁ ד תּ י ה HP1cs I destroyed.33 מ ד ו יּ שׁ HIwc3ms he destroyed.34 ז כּ יר H +3ms to make him known ס תּ יר ת.35 HPtFP ones hiding 30-20
30-21 גּ ר א נ כ י ב א ר ץ א ל תּ ס תּ ר מ מּ נּ י מ צ ת י ך (Psalm 119:19) ו א נ כ י ס תּ ר א ס תּ יר פּ נ י בּ יּ ם ה וּא ע ל כּ ל ה ר ע ה א שׁ ר ע שׂ ה כּ י פ נ ה א ל א לה ים א ח ר ים (Deut 31:18) 30-22 ס תּ ר תּ HJ2ms may you hide! Negated by,אלללל א א א so it is Jussive י י ( Shortened ), so it is Jussive I am a foreigner in the land. Do not hide your commandments from me! ס תּ ר HA to hide ס תּ יר א HI1cs I will hide ה ע שׂ עשׂה QP3ms he did ה פ נ פנה QP3ms he turned But I will certainly hide my face in that day, on account of [ע על על על ל] all the wickedness which he did, because he turned to other gods.