István Ormos Max Herz Pasha 1856 1919 His Life and Career I Institut français d archéologie orientale Études urbaines 6/1 2009 Le Caire
Table of contents Volume I Avant-propos... V Foreword... VII Chapter I. Life... 1 1. Childhood and Early Adolescence... 1 2. The Budapest Years... 2 3. The Vienna Years... 4 4. Egypt... 10 4.1. The Journey to Egypt... 10 4.2. Egypt in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century... 14 4.3. Julius Franz Pasha... 15 4.4. Employment... 16 4.5. Honours... 19 4.6. Family Life... 25 4.7. Retirement and Departure... 26 5. Illness and Death... 33 6. Personality... 40 6.1. Character... 40 6.2. Love for his Family... 41 6.3. Sense of Humour... 42 6.4. Hungarian Connections... 42
max herz pasha Chapter II. The Conservator... 49 1. The Comité de Conservation des Monuments de l Art Arabe... 49 2. Preservation and Restoration Herz Pasha s Methods... 70 2.1. The Testimonies of Contemporaries... 70 2.2. The Beginnings of the Institutional Care of Monuments... 76 2.3. A Closer Look at the Works Themselves... 80 3. Herz Pasha s Activities at the Head of the Comité... 90 4. The Extension of the Comité s Sphere of Authority to Include Monuments of Coptic Art... 95 4.1. The Testimony of Printed Sources... 95 4.2. Murqus Simayka Remembers... 97 4.3. A New Source... 100 5. After Herz Pasha... 101 6. The Documentation... 105 Chapter III. The Protected Monuments *... 107 1. Arab-Islamic Monuments... 108 1.1. The Mosque of al-mu ayyad Šayḫ... 108 1.2. The Mosque of Abū Bakr ibn Muzhir... 118 1.3. The Mosque of Sultan Barqūq... 120 1.4. The Mausoleum of Sultan Barqūq (Complex of Faraǧ ibn Barqūq)... 132 1.5. The Māridānī Mosque... 133 1.6. Al-Aqmar Mosque... 140 1.7. The Mosque of Qiǧmās al-isḥāqī... 142 1.8. The Mosque of Ǧawhar al-lālā... 145 1.9. The Mosque of al-ẓāhir Baybars... 146 1.10. The Ḫānqāh of Baybars al-ǧāšankīr... 146 1.11. The Madrasa of Qāyitbāy intra muros... 146 1.12. The Mosque of Aḥmad al-mihmandār... 147 1.13. The Fadāwiyya Dome... 147 1.14. The Mosque of Āqsunqur... 148 1.15. The Mosque of al-qāḍī Yaḥyā Zayn al-dīn... 149 1.16. The Madrasa-Ḫānqāh of Sultan al-ašraf Barsbāy... 151 1.17. The Madrasa of Umm al-sulṭān Šaʿbān... 151 1.18. The Mosque of Maḥmūd al-kurdī... 151 * For technical reasons, the sequence of monuments within each paragraph corresponds to the approximate chronology of Herz Pasha s involvement with the monuments in question. A chronological list of the monuments as well as a numerical list appear in the Index. The Index of Proper Names lists the monuments in alphabetical order.
table of contents 1.19. The Mosque of al-azhar... 179 1.20. The Mosque of Sayyidnā al-ḥusayn... 199 1.21. The Mausoleum of Imam al-šāfiʿī... 199 1.22. The Mosque of Ibn Ṭūlūn... 200 1.23. The Mosque of Ǧamāl al-dīn al-ustādār... 201 1.24. The Mosque of Aydamur al-bahlawān... 202 1.25. The Mosque of al-ṣāliḥ Ṭalā iʿ... 202 1.26. The Mosque of Salār wa-sanǧar al-ǧāwlī... 204 1.27. The Madrasa of al-nāṣir Muḥammad... 204 1.28. The Mosque of Aṣlam al-bahā ī... 204 1.29. Masǧid al-banāt (al-madrasa al-faḫriyya)... 205 1.30. The Madrasa of Ṣarġatmiš... 206 1.31. The Complex of Sultan al-ġūrī... 206 1.32. The Zāwiya of Faraǧ ibn Barqūq... 207 1.33. The Mosque of Asanbuġā... 207 1.34. The Mosque of Tatar al-ḥiǧāziyya... 207 1.35. The Mosque of Abū l-ʿilā... 207 1.36. The Mosque of Qānibāy al-sayfī Amīr Aḫūr... 208 1.37. The Mosque of Muḥammad ʿAlī... 208 1.38. The Mosque of al-nāṣir Muḥammad in the Citadel... 209 1.39. The Mosque of amir Ǧānim al-bahlawān... 209 1.40. The Mosque of Sultan Ḥasan... 210 1.41. The Qalā ūn Complex... 255 1.42. The Funerary Complex of Qāyitbāy... 260 2. Coptic Monuments... 268 3. Secular Buildings... 271 3.1. Sabīl-kuttābs... 271 3.1.1. The Sabīl-kuttābs of Sultan al-ġūrī and Ḫūsraw Pasha... 272 3.1.2. The Sabīl-kuttāb of Shaykh al-muṭahhar... 274 3.1.3. The Sabīl-kuttāb of Qāyitbāy... 274 3.1.4. The Sabīl-kuttāb of Bašīr Agha... 274 3.1.5. The Sabīl-kuttāb facing the ḫānqāh of Baybars al-ǧāšankīr... 275 3.1.6. The Sabīl-kuttāb of ʿAbd al-raḥmān Katḫudā... 275 3.1.7. The Sabīl-kuttāb of Muṣallī Čūrbaǧī... 275 3.2. The Palace of Yašbak... 275 3.3. Wikālas... 276 3.3.1. The Caravanserai of Sultan Qāyitbāy... 276 3.3.2. The Caravanserai of Sultan al-ġūrī... 277 3.4. Mansions... 277 3.4.1. The Mansion of Ǧamāl al-dīn al-ḏahabī... 277 3.4.2. The Mansion of Zaynab Ḫātūn and Maqʿad al-amīr Māmāy... 280 3.4.3. The Mansion Adjoining Sultan al-ġūrī s Mosque... 280
max herz pasha 3.5. Gates... 280 3.5.1. Bāb Zuwayla... 280 3.5.2. Bāb al-futūḥ and Bāb al-naṣr... 281 3.5.3. Bāb al-ʿazab... 282 3.6. Fort Qāyitbāy in Alexandria... 282 3.7. The Hospital of al-mu ayyad Šayḫ... 285 3.8. Minor Projects... 285 Volume II Chapter IV. The Museums... 313 1. The Director of the Arab Museum... 313 1.1. The Early History of the Museum... 313 1.2. The Post of the Director... 318 1.3. Excursus: Donald Malcolm Reid on the Relationship between Herz Pasha and ʿAlī bey Bahǧat... 323 1.4. The Problem of the Architect of the Present Museum Building... 326 1.5. The Growth and Display of the Museum Collection... 328 1.6. The Catalogues of the Museum... 331 1.7. After Herz Pasha... 332 2. The Founder of the Coptic Museum... 334 2.1. The Foundation of the Coptic Museum... 334 Chapter V. The Scholar... 353 1. Herz Pasha s Scholarly Interests... 353 2. Major Publications... 354 3. Minor Publications... 355 4. The Annual Reports of the Comité... 356 5. The Preparation of Works on Coptic Architecture for Publication... 359 6. The Unrealized Works... 362 7. Study Trips... 364 8. The Draughtsman... 365 9. Other Activities... 365
table of contents Chapter VI. The Private Architect... 369 1. Max Herz as Private Architect and the Problem of Sources... 369 2. The Neo-Mamluk Style... 372 2.1. Its Emergence... 372 2.2. Differing Opinions on the Neo-Mamluk Style... 390 3. The Main Works... 391 3.1. The Zogheb Palace... 391 3.1.1. Excursus: Battigelli... 400 3.2. Villa Herz... 401 3.3. Villa Ades... 403 3.4. The Remodelling of the Gianaclis Palace... 404 3.5. The Head Office of the Crédit Foncier Égyptien... 409 3.6. The Problem of the Neo-Mamluk Dwelling House Looking onto the Rifāʿī Mosque... 410 3.7. The Rifāʿī Mosque... 430 3.7.1. Excursus: Remarks on Alaa El-Habashi s Interpretation and Criticism of Herz s Contribution to the Rifāʿī Mosque... 445 3.8. The Austro-Hungarian Hospital... 456 3.9. The Cairo Street at the World s Columbian Exposition in Chicago... 458 3.10. The Arab Room of Archduke Otto... 463 Conclusion... 465 Appendix... 481 1. The Person... 481 1.1. Herz Pasha s Name... 481 1.2. Herz Pasha s Family Background... 482 1.3. Herz Pasha s Birthplace... 484 2. The Manuscript Sources Relating to Herz Pasha... 485 2.1. Herz Pasha s Documents in the Possession of his Grandson, Mr Paolo Sereni, in Naples... 485 2.2. Herz Pasha s letters to Ignaz Goldziher... 487 2.3. The Letters of Herz Pasha to Max van Berchem... 488 3. Selected Documents... 489 3.1. Documents Relating to Herz Pasha s Dismissal... 489 3.1.1. Extract from the Minutes of the Session of the Comité Held after Herz Pasha s Dismissal... 489 3.1.2. Herz Pasha s Reply... 491 3.1.3. Farnall s Letter to Herz Pasha, in Which He Gives an Account of the First Session of the Comité after Herz Pasha s Dismissal... 492
max herz pasha 3.1.4. Murqus Simayka s Letter Informing Herz Pasha of the First Session of the Comité after Herz Pasha s Dismissal... 495 3.1.5. Herz Pasha s Letter to Goldziher... 496 3.2. A Document Relating to Herz Pasha s Death... 497 3.3. Biographies... 498 3.3.1. The Biography of Herz Pasha Written by His Wife on the Day of His Death... 498 3.3.2. Herz Pasha s First Biography in Italian... 502 3.3.3. Herz Pasha s Second Biography in Italian... 505 3.4. Documents Relating to Herz Pasha s Activities in the Comité... 508 3.4.1. The Summary of Herz Pasha s Achievements as Conservator of Monuments from his Curriulum Vitae in French of 1897... 508 3.4.2. Excerpt from Stanley Lane-Poole s Report... 511 4. Herz Pasha s Donations... 514 4.1. Herz Pasha s Donations to the Hungarian Museum of Applied Arts in Budapest... 514 4.2. Herz Pasha s Donations to the Museum in Temesvár... 521 Bibliography... 523 1. Abbreviations... 523 2. Herz Pasha s Bibliography... 524 3. Bibliography of References... 535 3.1. Manuscripts and Archival Sources... 535 3.2. Printed Sources... 536 List of Illustrations... 573 INDEX... 587 1. Index of Proper Names... 587 2. Numerical Index of Monuments in Cairo... 618 Unlisted and Unnumbered Monuments... 622 3. Chronological Index of Monuments in Cairo... 623 Table of contents... 631