Renaissance and Reforma.on
The Renaissance Rebirth of Classical An2quity (Greek & La.n) literature, learning, art, & architecture Began in Italy (esp. Florence) Years: 1300s & 1400s Oil pain2ngs & use of realis2c perspec2ve & depth, & portraits
Patronage of art (esp. House of Medici) Both secular & religious art Think Ninja Turtles Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Donatello, & Michelangelo
Renaissance Humanism Focus on the value of humans & the posi2ve impact they can have, using cri2cal thinking, reasoning, & evidence (not faith) Included: grammar, rhetoric, history, poetry and moral philosophy (rebirth of Classical An2quity) Wanted to create a ci.zenry able to speak and write with eloquence and clarity and engage in the civic life of their communi.es and persuade others to virtuous and prudent ac.ons. In short: wanted to create virtuous people
The Renaissance Man A cultured man who is knowledgeable, educated, or proficient in a wide range of fields. Think: Leonardo da Vinci
Brief History of the Branches of Chris.anity Early Chris.anity: Catholic/Orthodox Church East-West Schism: Catholic Church (in the West) and the Orthodox Church (in the East) separate in year 1054 (Where we get the names Roman Catholic & Greek Orthodox )
If you call yourself Chris.an you are likely not Catholic Chris.an or Orthodox Chris.an, but Protestant Chris.an (all 3 are Chris.an)
The Protestant Reforma.on Began in 1519 Started by Mar2n Luther (was a Catholic priest from Germany) He protested against some Church teachings and prac.ces in his Ninety-Five Theses
Luther s issues w/ the Catholic Church Paying for Indulgences: "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs. (Indulgences free you from suffering in purgatory for your sins) Indulgences pardon you from doing a penalty (penance) for your sins.
Luther s issues w/ the Catholic Church The Pope: believed that the Papacy was the An.christ & that the pope s authority over bishops & doctrine was not in the Bible. Church was too Authoritarian: too much power, wealth, & corrup.on among the pope & bishops (also the Church collected taxes). The pope had his own state & army. Pope Alexander VI
Luther s issues w/ the Catholic Church The Bible: Disagreed with including 7 books in the Old Testament (the Apocrypha) which were wri\en in Greek. Also translated the Bible into the common language, German (not the La.n Vulgate). Disagreed with who has the authority to interpret the Bible
Luther s issues w/ the Catholic Church The prin2ng press helped spread Protestan.sm by allowing common people to read the Bible. Luther believed the Bible is the only authority (not the pope or bishops). (Gutenberg's press in 1455 printed the Gutenberg Bible in La.n.) Interpreta.on of the Bible in Protestant churches: some are done by church elders and others are done by the individual The Chinese had first invented moveable type, but it was imprac2cal. Johann Gutenberg: German inventor of the prin2ng press
Luther s issues w/ the Catholic Church No need for priests: All were EQUAL under God Salva2on through Faith Alone (can not earn salva2on through good works)
Poli.cal Impact of the Reforma.on Luther challenged the pope s authority Europeans started to challenge their king s authority
Other Causes of the Protestant Reforma.on Page 54-55 (very important) Prin.ng press (increased literacy, reading the Bible: printed in the vernacular, not just La.n anymore) Kings (like Henry VIII), some German princes, and other leaders disagreed w/ the Pope s power People and merchants didn t want to pay taxes to the Catholic Church
John Calvin Influenced by Luther s idea of not being able to earn salva2on Main Idea: Predes2na2on believed that God elected (or chose) people to be saved, and allows others to be damned Created a strict Theocracy in Switzerland: Regulated clothing, behavior. Could imprison or banish you. Here.cal preachers were burned at the stake.
John Calvin & The Puritans & Pilgrims Similar to Calvin s theocracy in Switzerland, Puritans from England & Holland migrated to Massachuse\s & Connec.cut to create their own strict theocracy (City upon a Hill) Puritans fled from 1620-40 due to persecu.on from King Charles I (they wanted to purify the Church of England of all Catholic aspects)
Other Protestant Branches (Denomina.ons) Reformed Churches (Presbyterian) founded by Zwingli (Switzerland), John Calvin (France), & John Knox (Scotland) Church of England (Anglican Church, in the U.S.: Episcopal Church) founded by King Henry VIII in 1534 & Queen Elizabeth I in 1558 King Henry VIII was the head the Church of England Puritans/Congrega2onals (broke from the Church of England & se\led in New England (Colonial U.S.)
Bap2sts founded by John Smyth in 1609 (disagreed w/ Church of England) & Roger Williams (US colonies) Methodists founded by John Wesley in 1738 in England (separated from Church of England) Church of Christ/Disciples of Christ founded by Thomas Campbell in the U.S. (was a Presbyterian minister)
Protestant Branches Main 3 branches: 1) Lutheran 2) Reformed/Calvinist/Presbyterian Branched off: Church of Christ 3) Anglican/Church of England/Episcopalian Branched off: Puritans/Congrega.onals, Bap.sts, Methodists Branched off Methodists: 7 th Day Adven.sts, Apostolic/ Pentecostals
List of Protestant Denomina.ons/ Branches h\ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ List_of_Chris.an_denomina.ons#Protestan.sm
Independent Churches Churches not a part of a denomina.on/branch are know as Nondenomina2onal or some.mes Evangelical churches Examples: The Rock Church Good Samaritan Church of San Diego (on Skyline) Puritan Evangelical Church of America (on Potomac) Zion Chris.an Fellowship (on Paradise Valley Rd) Cornerstone Church New Crea.on Church Eastlake Community Church Shadow Mountain Community Church
Churches in the area We will now search church under 92114 on whitepages.com Can you iden.fy a church if it s part of a branch (denomina.on) or probably independent?