Entry Task: Look over your graded test. Announcements: Test Grades: 57.5+ is an A. 44.5-50 is a C. 50.5-57 is a B. 38.5-44 is a D.
1 st rule on a separate sheet of paper. 2 nd rule include both the question and the answer GOOD EXAMPLE: 2. Scandinavians who invaded Europe were called VIKING. BAD EXAMPLE: 2. A 3 rd rule due tomorrow (next day)
Entry Task: "Imagine that you have lived in Florence, Italy immediately following the Black Death. You have survived, but many around you have not. Describe your environment. How do you feel? Announcements: Library 2 nd half of period (and tomorrow, too) TEST CORRECTIONS due today Map of Italy/trade due today. Joan of Arc chart?
Istanbul was Constantinople, now it s Istanbul, not Constantinople, been a long time gone..now it s Turkish delight on a moonlit night 1453: Constantinople fell to the Ottomans and became Istanbul
Ottomans also controlled Egypt and the Levant How did Muslim scholars influence the Renaissance?
Global Effects: Led to the Age of Imperialism, where European powers dominated the planet Indigenous people in North and South America and Africa were enslaved and exploited;
Communal knowledge possible Scientists could form distant communities Page numbering and indexes invented and used Standardization in form and spelling Reading moves from communal to private activity; Authorship becomes more important and profitable. Who wrote it becomes important Early copyright and intellectual property laws established Decline of Latin and move towards vernacular language use Contributed to growing nationalism
HUMANISM Describes the school of philosophical, intellectual, and literary thought from 1400-1650: Emphasis on human freedom and responsibility; Return to the pagan classics; Reliance on God and faith weakened; Fortuna (chance) replaces Providence. The world as it is becomes an end rather than a preparation for Heaven
Educational Theory Learn through imitation Emphasis on the classics; Especially ancient Greece and Rome Belief that a welleducated person knows a little about everything a Renaissance Man.
Reason rules emotions, just as A king rules his subject; A parent rules a child; The sun governs the planets.
Humans are between beasts and angels; To behave without reason is beast-like; To go above one s proper place invites disaster.
The right of kings to rule comes directly from God; Royalty is answerable only to God; Disobedience to royalty is disobedience to God. Political absolutism
Causes: The Renaissance, with its emphasis on humanism and individuality; The printing press, with the wider access to printed works and rise in literacy The rise of powerful nation-states, headed by monarchs
Anger at church corruption: Simony the selling of church offices; Indulgences giving money to the church in exchange for one s soul spending less time in Purgatory Increasingly poorly educated clerics.
Luther denounced the selling of indulgences; Argued that the secular gov t had the right to reform the church; Same thought echoed later in Hobbes social contract theory Attacked the sacraments; Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance, Anointing of the Sick, Holy Orders, Matrimony Argued to man can be saved by faith alone
Pope Leo X issued a Bull demanding that he recant; Luther publicly burned it; Decreased the sacraments from seven to 2 Only left baptism and communion
Because the Pope refused to grant Henry an annulment from his first wife, he cut ties with the Catholic church and began the Church of England, which he, as king, was head.
Son of Henry s third wife; Assumed the throne at age 9; English replaced Latin in Church ritual; Died at age 15
Restored England to Catholicism; Restored the Pope s authority over the English Church; Married her cousin Phillip, making England appear to be an appendage of Spain. Ordered the deaths of 300 Protestants Bloody Mary
Best monarch since William the Conqueror; Had a Renaissance education; Patron of the arts; Restored the Church of England, but was a politique