Unit 2.2 Roots of Indian Civilization

Unit 2.2 Roots of Indian Civilization

Do Now Happy Friday!!! How did implementation of codified laws such as the Code of Hammurabi affect the people of ancient societies? A) It unified the various peoples and laws within the empire B) It reduced the authority of the king over the citizens C) It limited the role of government in the lives of citizens D) It established the separation of government and religion Do you best to pick the correct answer (Full sentence not needed) Also define 1) Implementation 2) Codified 3) Affect 4) Ancient De qué manera la implementación de leyes codificadas como el Código de Hammurabi afecta a la gente de las sociedades antiguas? A) Unificó los diversos pueblos y leyes dentro del imperio B) Redujo la autoridad del rey sobre los ciudadanos C) Limitó el papel del gobierno en la vida de los ciudadanos D) Estableció la separación del gobierno y la religión 2

3

4

How Has Geography Shaped Life in India?? Monsoons! (Heavy Rains Video) What is a Monsoon? Seasonal winds Sometimes bringing hot, dry air that withers crops. Other times pick up moisture over the Indian Ocean and drench the land with downpours. Monsoons have shaped Indian life!!! Too Little Water -- No Crops! Too Much -- Floods! 5

3300-1700 B.C Polytheistic! Early Indian Religious Beliefs start here! Environmental problems most likely caused the decline of this civilization!! Review! Indus River Valley6 Civilization!!!

Aryan Civilization 2000 B.C - 1500 B.C, nomadic peoples migrated from Central Asia. into Northwestern India!! These nomads married with local peoples to form a group who called themselves Aryans. Through ACCULTURATION, or the blending of two or more cultures, the Aryans combined the cultural traditions of the nomads with those of earlier Indian peoples. 7

8

Poetry, literature, science, religion Sanskrit Sacred language 9

-- Series in Sanskrit --Rigveda The Vedas Almost all of the information we have about these early Aryan people comes from the Vedas BECAUSE. Early Aryans left very little archaeological evidence --Hymns, rituals, ceremonies, meditation, philosophy -- Core of Hinduism, & elements of Buddhism & 10 Jainism

Early Aryan People The Vedas are a collection of hymns, chants, ritual instructions, and other religious teachings! Vedic priests memorized and recited hymns for 1000 years before ever writing them down! 11

Ancient Hymn from the Vedas 12

Aryans Structure Society SOCIAL STRATIFICATION From the Vedas -- We learn of Rigid Caste Stratification Brahmins, or priests. Kshatriyas, or warriors. Vaisyas, including herders, farmers, artisans, and merchants. Fourth group, the Sudras. This group included farm workers, servants, and other laborers. Dalits, was considered outside the caste system. These people did work that others wouldn't, such as making leather from animal skins. 13

Rigid Caste System 14

Modern India: Leftover Caste Culture 15

No single founder and no single sacred text. Grew out of overlapping beliefs Began with early Aryans and Indus valley gods and beliefs God is one, but wise people know it by many names. All powerful spiritual force called Brahman that takes many forms! (300,000 Gods) Polytheism and Monotheism combined!!! 16 Hinduism Develops

Buddhism Comes Out of Hinduism! The Buddha = Enlightened One The Four Noble Truths of Buddhism 1) All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow 2) The cause of suffering is non-virtue, or negative deeds and mindsets such as hatred and desire 3) The only cure for suffering is to overcome non-virtue 4) The way to overcome non-virtue is to follow the 8-fold path 17

The Eightfold Path of Buddhism 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) Right Views Right aspirations (aims) Right Speech Right conduct Right livelihood Right effort Right mindfulness Right contemplation (thought) Mindless absorption in worldly affairs The Middle Way Complete denial of worldly life (Fasting, homeless, avoiding all material possessions) Through meditation, one may reach nirvana, or union with the universe and freedom from suffering

19

Religion Research Read Page 83 Use Color Choose a World Religion you don t know much about Create a poster displaying the following 1) 2) 3) 4) Creativity = Points and Candy The religious symbol(s) of the religion The most important beliefs of the religion The top 3 countries in which the religion is practiced What type of religion it is (Polytheistic, Monotheistic, No Gods)