THE Pennsylvania Magazine OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY VOLUME LXXXV THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA 1300 LOCUST STREET, PHILADELPHIA 7 1961
THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
CONTENTS ARTICLES A British Spy in Philadelphia, 1775-1777 The Yorke-Camden Opinion and American Land Speculators Page Geoffrey Seed 3 Jack M. Sosin 38 Benjamin Franklin and the Universality of Science Glen M. Rodgers 50 Turmoil at Pittsburgh: Diary of Augustine Prevost, 1774 Nicholas B. Wainwright 111 The Race to Publish Lewis and Clark Donald Jackson 163 William L. Breton, Nineteenth-Century Philadelphia Artist Martin P. Snyder 178 Student Life in the Nineteenth Century The Reverend William Hazlitt and Dickinson College Charles J. Stillé, "Angel of Consolation" William D. Kelley and Radical Reconstruction Crops and Chores: Pennsylvania Farm Life in the 1890's "Journey to Rhoad Island" The Eminent Benjamin Smith Barton Radical Republicanism in Pennsylvania, 1866-1873 Saul Sack 255 Ernest J. Moyne 289 Joseph George, Jr. 303 Ira V. Brown 316 Hugh W. Alger 367 William T. Parsons 411 Jeannette E. Graustein 423 David Montgomery 439 NOTES AND DOCUMENTS Thomas Paine and Comus Benjamin Franklin and the "Heads of Complaints" Alfred Owen Aldridge 70 John J. Zimmerman 75 BOOK REVIEWS 78, 210, 330, 458 iii
ILLUSTRATIONS Views by William L. Breton Page Loxley House at Second Street and Little Dock, wash drawing, 1835 179 North Corners of Race and Front Streets, wash drawing, 1835 180 African Episcopal Church, lithograph, 1829 191 "East Side of Water Street...", wash drawing, 1835 192 Drawbridge Wharf, wash drawing, 1835 203 Launching of the Pennsylvania, water color, 1837 204 Hose Carriage of the Philadelphia Hose Company, 1803, water color by David J. Kennedy facing p. 255 Farm sketches by Mrs. Hugh W. Alger 370, 386, 389, 399, 408 iv
THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA OFFICERS President BOIES PENROSE Vice-Presidents ROY F. NICHOLS CHARLES STEWART WURTS, JR. WM. C. TUTTLE ERNEST C. SAVAGE RICHMOND P. MILLER Secretary PENROSE R. HOOPES Treasurer GEORGE E. NEHRBAS Counsel R. STURGIS INGERSOLL Councilors THOMAS C. COCHRAN HAROLD D. SAYLOR WILLIAM LOGAN FOX GRANT M. SIMON J. WELLES HENDERSON MARTIN P. SNYDER HENRY S. JEANES, JR. FREDERICK B. TOLLES SYDNEY E. MARTIN DAVID VAN PELT HENRY R. PEMBERTON H. JUSTICE WILLIAMS The Council of the Society is composed of the President, Vice-Presidents, Secretary, Treasurer and twelve Councilors. v
STANDING COMMITTEES Committee on Finance WM. C. TUTTLE, Chairman CHARLES STEWART WURTS, JR. HENRY R. PEMBERTON In consultation with GEORGE E. NEHRBAS Committee on Library and Collections PENROSE R. HOOPES, Chairman ERNEST C. SAVAGE J. WELLES HENDERSON WILLIAM LOGAN FOX Committee on Hall and Buildings HAROLD D. SAYLOR, Chairman SYDNEY E. MARTIN H. JUSTICE WILLIAMS GRANT M. SIMON Committee on Membership and Activities RICHMOND P. MILLER, Chairman MRS. WALTER S. WHEELER HAROLD D. EBERLEIN JAMES RAWLE NICHOLAS B. WAINWRIGHT Committee on Nominations ERNEST C. SAVAGE, Chairman CHARLES STEWART WURTS, JR. HENRY S. JEANES, JR. Committee on Publications ROY F. NICHOLS, Chairman THOMAS C. COCHRAN FREDERICK B. TOLLES R. N. WILLIAMS, 2ND vi
STAFF Director R. N. WILLIAMS, 2ND Research Librarian and Editor NICHOLAS B. WAINWRIGHT Associate Editor LoIs V. GIVEN Assistant in Charge of the Reading Room RAYMOND L. SUTCLIFFE* FRANK W. BOBB Assistant in Charge of Manuscript Division J. HARCOURT GIVENS Assistant in Charge of Photo-reproduction HOWARD T. MITCHELL Assistant to the Treasurer SARAH B. POMERANTZ MEMBERSHIPS General Associate Patron Life Benefactor $ 10.00 25.00 100.00 250.00 1,000.00 PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE, per annum (to nonmembers) 5.00 * Deceased, July, 1961 vii
THE Pennsylvania Magazine OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY JANUARY 1961 A BRITISH SPY IN PHILADELPHIA, 1775 1777 Geoffrey Seed 3 THE YORKE-CAMDEN OPINION AND AMERICAN LAND SPECULATORS Jack M. Sosin 38 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN AND THE UNIVERSALITY OF SCIENCE Glen M. Rodgers 50 NOTES AND DOCUMENTS THOMAS PAINE AND COMUS Alfred Owen Aldridge 70 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN AND THE "HEADS OF COMPLAINTS" John J. Zimmerman 75 BOOK REVIEWS 78 PUBLISHED SINCE 1877 BY THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA VOLUME LXXXV NUMBER 1
BOOK REVIEWS PAGE BOYD, ed., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Vols. 1 6, by Jane Whitehill 78 WALLER, Samuel Vetch, Colonial Enterpriser, by Wesley Frank Craven 81 TRELEASE, Indian Affairs in Colonial New York: The Seventeenth Century, by Paul A. W. Wallace 83 EZELL, Fortune's Merry Wheel, The Lottery in America, by Philip G. Nordell 84 KNOLLENBERG, Origin of the American Revolution: 1759 1766, by John J. Zimmerman 87 CLARK, George Washington's Navy. Being an Account of His Excellency's Fleet in New England Waters, by John Haskell Kemble 88 UBBELOHDE, The Vice-Admiralty Courts and the American Revolution, by William Bell Clark 89 GRANGER, Political Satire in the American Revolution, 1763 1783, by Edwin Wolf 2nd 90 LEVY, Legacy of Suppression. Freedom of Speech and Press in Early American History, by Caroline Robbins 92 LEVIN, History as Romantic Art: Bancroft, Prescott, Motley, and Parkman, by Wilbur R. Jacobs 94 GRIFFIN, Their Brothers' Keepers. Moral Stewardship in the United States, 1800 1865, by Russell E. Francis 95 BEALS, Brass-Knuckle Crusade. The Great Know-Nothing Conspiracy: 1820 1860, by John J. Reed 96 CATTON, Grant Moves South, by Thomas Robson Hay 97 MORDELL, comp., Civil War and Reconstruction: Selected Essays by Gideon Welles; Lincoln's Administration: Selected Essays by Gideon Welles, by Roy F. Nichols 99 LORD, The Good Years: From 1900 to the First World War, by Stanley Coben 100 MCGEARY, Gifford Pinchot, Forester-Politician, by Wallace Evan Davies 102 SCHACK, Art and Argyrol. The Life and Career of Dr. Albert C. Barnes, by George Roberts 103 LEWIS, The Worlds of Chippy Patterson, by Harold D. Saylor 105 HICKS, Republican Ascendancy, 1921-1933, by M. Nelson McGeary 106 THE PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY is published each quarter in January, April, July and October by THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA, 1300 Locust Street, Philadelphia 7. Yearly subscription, $5.00; single numbers, $1.50. Communications should be addressed to the Editor. The Editors do not assume responsibility for statements of fact or of opinion made by contributors. Second class postage paid at Philadelphia, Pa.
THE PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY VOLUME LXXXV January, 1961 NO. 1 EIGHTY-FIFTH YEAR OF PUBLICATION Publications Committee ROY F. NICHOLS BOIES PENROSE FREDERICK B. TOLLES THOMAS C. COCHRAN R. N. WILLIAMS, 2ND Editor NICHOLAS B. WAINWRIGHT Associate Editor LOIS V. GIVEN
Contributors GEOFFREY SEED, Lecturer in American and Colonial History at the University of St. Andrews, Scotland, took graduate study at the University of Michigan, and has taught, as Visiting Professor, in universities in Canada and the United States. He is currently writing a book on James Wilson. JACK M. SOSIN is an Assistant Professor at the University of Nebraska. The research for his article was undertaken as part of a book, "Whitehall and the Wilderness," which the University of Nebraska Press will publish next fall. GLEN M. RODGERS has taught in several Texas colleges and universities, and is presently Associate Professor of History at Pan American College, Edinburg, Texas. His particular interest is the social and intellectual history of the Anglo-American colonies. ALFRED OWEN ALDRIDGE, Professor of English at the University of Maryland, is the author of Man of Reason. The Life of Thomas Paine (1959), which will be published in an English edition this year. Another of his books, Franklin and His French Contemporaries (1957), will appear in a French edition. JOHN J. ZIMMERMAN is Professor of History in the Social Science Division at Kansas State Teachers College, Emporia, Kansas. His article "Benjamin Franklin and The Pennsylvania Chronicle' appeared in the MAGAZINE in October, 1957. PRINTED IN U. S. A. by Wm. F. Fell Co., PHILADELPHIA, PA.