THE ENGLISH REFORMATION November 19, 2017
THE ENGLISH REFORMATION ORIGINS Late medieval England had a reputation for maintaining the rights of the king against the pope Due in part to Babylonian Captivity Church leaders had called for Church reform since the 1300s John Wycliffe By the 1520s, English clergy were toying with Protestant ideas England s break from the Catholic Church was not religious in nature 2
MY KINGDOM FOR A HORSE! Political instability War of the Roses Insecurity of the Tudor Dynasty Henry VII: 1485-1509 Death of heir Arthur 1502 Henry VIII Rise of Spain and France 3
THE DEFENDER OF THE FAITH In 1509, Henry VIII had married Catherine of Aragon, daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, and the aunt of Emperor Charles V At first, Henry VIII stood firmly against the Protestant revolt The Defense of the Seven Sacraments - 1521 Pope Leo X awarded him the title Defender of the Faith By 1527, the union had produced no male heir to the throne and only one surviving child, a daughter, Mary 4
THE KING S GREAT MATTER Henry even came to believe that his union with Catherine, who had many miscarriages and stillbirths, had been cursed by god Henry s father, Henry VII, had betrothed Catherine to Henry after Arthur s untimely death in order to keep the English alliance with Spain intact They were officially married in 1509, a few days before Henry VIII received his crown Required a special approval from Pope Julius II. By 1527, Henry was thoroughly enamored of Anne Bolyn, one of Catherine s ladies in waiting Papal annulment of the marriage to Catherine required 5
THE KING S GREAT MATTER When the king s advisors fail to get a papal annulment Fall of Wosley and More Rise of Cromwell and Lutheran Party January 1531- Henry publicly recognized as Head of the Church in England as far as the law of Christ allows January 1533 Anne maries Henry February 1533 Parliament makes the King the Highest Court of Appeal for all English subjects The Act of Succession (1534) made Anne Boleyn s children legitimate heirs to the throne The Act of Supremacy (1534) declared Henry the only supreme head on earth of the Church of England 6
FALLOUT 1535 Execution of Thomas More and John Fisher 1537 Birth of only son (Edward VI) 1538 Dissolution of the monasteries 1547 Death of Henry VIII 1553 Death of Edward VI 7
MARY I BLOODY MARY Catherine of Aragon s daughter succeeded Edward in 1553 Proceeded to restore Catholic doctrine and practice Marriage to Philip II of Spain Execution of Crammer and numerous Protestant martyrs Death in 1558 8
THE ELIZABETHIAN SETTLEMENT Throne passed to Anne Bolyn s daughter Elizabeth Long reign (1558 1601) Elizabeth had to determine the future of the Church of England. Moved cautiously at first Slowly enforced a serious of reforms that were later called the Elizabethan Settlement 9
THE ELIZABETHIAN SETTLEMENT Elizabeth s policies were a compromise Reformed Theology Catholic Ceremony Monarch reaffirmed as head of Anglican Church Skilled thinker who made England a Protestant nation 10
THE ELIZABETHIAN SETTLEMENT 1559 Act of Supremacy Repealed all the anti-protestant legislation of Mary Tudor Asserted Elizabeth as supreme governor 1559 Act of Uniformity Mandated a revised version of the second Book of Common Prayer For every parish 1563 39 Articles Statements of faith developed by Crammer Required subscription by all Church of England clergy by 1571 11
IMPACT OF ENGLISH REFORMATION Redistribution of power From church as an institution To new gentry To monarchy From landed estates To urban communities England as leading Protestant power Financier of anti-catholic alliances until 1815 Multiple denominations 12
THE ENGLISH REFORMATION November 19, 2017