Chapter 16, South Asia Pg. 489-512 India Pakistan Nepal Bhutan Bangladesh Maldives Sri Lanka
Chapter 16, Lesson 1 Physical Geography of South Asia Pg. 492-497
South Asia's Physical Features 3 mountain ranges on the northern border of the Indian subcon:nent: Hindu Kush, Karakorum, & Himalaya Himalayas - the roolop of the world Mt. Everest highest mountain in the world (29,028 L)
South Asia's Physical Features 3 major rivers create alluvial plains (floodplains where silt is deposited annually, creayng feryle farmland): Ganges & Brahmaputra Rivers India & Bangladesh create the world s largest delta (place where soil is deposited at the mouth of a river) Indus River Pakistan Major flooding in 2010 killed 1,600 people and put 1/5 of the country underwater
South Asia's Physical Features Islands Sri Lanka Maldives 1,190 coral atolls (small, ring-shaped islands) that are only 6 feet above sea level Global warming may someday completely submerge them!
Climate of South Asia Affected by monsoons seasonal winds that blow dry air from the north in the winter & wet air from the southwest in the summer Cyclones (hurricanes) are also a threat
Climate of South Asia Most of South Asia has a tropical wet/dry climate with 3 seasons (hot, cool, & wet) Temperate zones in the north & central India Desert in the Northwest (Pakistan) The mountain ranges are covered with snow year-round and affect the climate of the lower-lying areas by blocking northern wind
South Asia's Mineral & Energy Resources, Pg. 496-497 Country Natural Resources India Nepal Sri Lanka Pakistan Bangladesh
Ecosystems of South Asia Animals: rhinoceroses, Asian elephants, Bengal Ygers, ibexes, & painted storks
Chapter 16, Lesson 2 History of South Asia Pg. 498-503
Early History of South Asia 2500-1500 BC - Indus River Valley one of the world s first civilizayons farmers, arysans, and traders 1500-500 BC Aryans moved into India, farmed, and started Hinduism & the Sanskrit language Created the caste system wrote the Vedas (religious hymns) in Sankrit 500 BC Buddhism & Jainism started in India AD 600s -700s Islam was brought to the region by traders and invaders
India s Main Religion: Hinduism 80% of Indians are Hindu PolytheisYc many gods Creator Brahma à No founder, no holy book, & no central core of beliefs Every living thing has a soul Cows sacred to Hindus, so not used for food Reincarna:on belief that the souls of humans & animals can be reborn many Ymes unyl they are pure enough to unite w/ Brahma
Caste System Every Indian is born into a social group based on family & occupayon Based on religious purity Determined your job, what you can eat, who you can marry & hang out with If you follow the rules of your caste, you might move up a level in your next life
Dalits: Untouchables Not really in the caste system given terrible jobs like trash collecyng/handling dead bodies Have few job or educayonal opportuniyes 5% of the populayon
The Caste System Today: The new consytuyon India created in 1950 abolished the caste system However, it is syll followed in pracyce, just not as strictly Life as a dalit (untouchable) is syll difficult
Religions that developed in response to Hinduism & the caste system Jainism - believe that violence against any living creature is wrong
Religions that developed in response to Hinduism & the caste system Buddhism - achieve nirvana (peace & joy with no suffering) by thinking clearly, working hard, & caring for others 4 Noble Truths of Buddhism 1. Life is full of suffering. 2. Suffering is caused by selfish desire. 3. Conquering desire can stop suffering. 4. Desire can be conquered by the Eighlold Path: right view, right intenyon, right speech, right acyon, right way of living, right effort, right mindfulness, & right concentrayon.
3 major empires in the history of South Asia Mauryas, 700 BC led by Ashoka a warrior who turned Buddhist and developed trade & culture Guptas, AD 320-550 led by Chandragupta I developed science, math (our decimal system!), medicine, & the arts Mughals, AD 1500-1600s Muslim emperors, but tolerant of other religions while science, culture, & the arts flourished Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal
Taj Mahal mausoleum in Agra, India Built by Emperor Shah Jahan in 1630-53 to honor his favorite wife
Coloniza:on & Independence in South Asia In the 1600s, British traders established settlements in India. In 1857, the British government took direct control of (colonized) present-day India, Pakistan, & Bangladesh. In the late 1800s, an independence movement began to get rid of the Raj (British imperialist rule of India). Mohandas Gandhi - Indian leader who used civil disobedience to rid India of the BriYsh Led a boycor of BriYsh imported goods India became independent in 1947.
Religious Conflict in India Hindus v. Muslims Hindus were wealthier landowners Muslims were mostly poor Each group wanted to run India Riots killed thousands of people How did India solve the problem?
Par::on (division) of South Asia, 1947 India Hindus Pakistan & Bangladesh Muslims
Since Par::on India and Pakistan have fought several wars since their paryyon. In the late 1990s, both countries developed nuclear weapons. How does their nuclear prolifera:on (the spread of atomic weapons) affect us?
Chapter 16, Lesson 3 Life in South Asia Pg. 504-509
South Asia by the numbers Land area: half the size of the 48 conyguous states of the USA PopulaYon: 1.5 billion people live in the region Rapid populayon growth has put a strain on resources and will cause India to be the most populated country in the world by 2030 Urban areas are growing faster than rural areas. Mumbai 4 th largest city in the world (20 million), 80,100 people/sq mi
Economics in South Asia Most people are farmers The green revolu:on (using irrigayon, ferylizers, & high-yielding crops) have helped increase crop yields to feed the growing populayon CoRage industries people make goods in their homes to sell & supplement (add to) their income Spin yarn, weave cloth, jewelry, pooer
Economics in South Asia Bangalore, India Computer & telecommunicayons industry is booming Outsourced consumer call centers for American companies CiYes are crowded & millions live in slums or are homeless without clean water & sanitayon
India: A Diverse Culture World s largest democracy, President Pranab Mukherjee à 2 official languages are Hindi & English, but each state also may have its own unique language The government is trying to improve schools to compete globally However, the poor are olen unable to finish school
Religions in India Hinduism Buddhism Jainism Sikhism combinayon of Hindu & Islam with no caste system à Islam ChrisYanity
Family Life in India Elders are respected & females are olen subordinate to males Households consist of parents, sons & their families, unmarried daughters, and other relayves Women olen wear saris (brightly colored cloth draped over the body like a long dress) or purdahs (veil worn over her face in public) Many Indians are now wearing western clothing styles
The Arts in India Music - sitar Literature epic poems Ramayana & Mahabharata Bollywood world s largest film industry
Indian Food Usually vegetarian and spicy, seasoned with curry Dal - LenYl soup RoYs flat wheat cakes Idlis rice pancakes
Pakistan Mostly Muslim High populayon growth & low literacy rate 6 th largest populayon in the world CompeYng ethnic groups olen have violent conflict & leaders have been assassinated The US s War on Terrorism US military found (and killed) Osama bin Laden in Pakistan in 2011
Bangladesh 8 th largest populayon in the world with liole territory (156 million people) PopulaYon is growing faster than the food supply! MalnutriYon lack of food or an unbalanced diet TransportaYon of supplies is done mostly with boats Difficult to reach those in need
Mostly Hindu Nepal Encourages tourism to Mt. Everest & other mountains Sherpas skilled mountain climbers that act as guides for adventurers
Bhutan Mostly Buddhist Avoids tourism in an effort to preserve its tradiyonal culture
Sri Lanka (means Magnificent Island ) Speak Sinhalese has its own alphabet à Tropical climate for farmers to raise rice, coconuts, rubber, tea DeforestaYon for farming destroyed most of its rain forests