REVIEW INDIA ANSWER KEY VOCABULARY Definition Sepoy Indian soldier under British command Jewel of the crown Term referring to India as the most valuable of all British colonies Sepoy Mutiny Uprising of Indian soldiers against the British Raj British rule over India from 1757 to 1947 Rowlatt Acts Laws to prevent Indians from protesting British actions Amritsar Massacre The slaughter of Indians by British Mohandas K. Gandhi Leader of the movement for Indian independence civil disobedience Disobeying the law for the purpose of achieving some higher goal Salt March A march to the sea to protest British salt tax Congress Party Group consisting of mostly Hindus that led campaign for India s independence Muhammed Ali Jinnah Leader of the Muslim League Muslim League Group that led a campaign for India s independence Division of India into two nations Jawaharlal Nehru First prime minister of India Indira Gandhi Daughter of Nehru who followed him as prime minister Benazir Bhutto Former prime minister of Pakistan WORD BANK Indira Gandhi Muhammad Ali Jinnah Benazir Bhutto Jawaharlal Nehru Important leaders in the history of India and Pakistan during the twentieth century include the leader of the Muslim league,. He helped India fight for its independence. The first prime minister of India was. India fought a war with Pakistan over Kashmir during his rule. His daughter,, followed him in the role of prime minister. She, in turn, was followed to power by her son, Rajiv Gandhi. The of India lead to the creation of Pakistan. One of the important leaders of Pakistan was. REVIEW INDIA Word Bank Indus River Valley Ganges River Monsoons Himalayas peninsula Aryans Harappa Mohenjo-Daro Hinduism Karma dharma caste reincarnation Moksha Buddhism Eightfold Path nirvana Four Noble Truths reincarnation Asoka Maurya Empire Gupta Empire Edicts of Asoka Abkar the Great Mughal Empire British East India Company Sepoy Rebellion Taj Mahal Mohandas Gandhi British crown civil disobedience nonviolence boycotts Nationalist ed Muhammad Ali Jinnah Green Revolution Pakistan Kashmir Nuclear weapons India: 1. Monsoons are seasonal winds. Some monsoon winds bring rains that help Indian farmers. The Himalayas separate India from China but passes in the mountains allow for movement of peoples. Civilization in South Asia developed in the Indus river valley. The Ganges River is a sacred river. India is a peninsula. 2. The Indus River was a cradle for early civilization. Two important cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro (c. 2500 B.C.E. 1500 B.C.E.), existed. These cities demonstrated urban planning or carefully built cities. Every brick in every building was the same size. 3. The Aryans (1500 B.C.E.) migrated into the Indian subcontinent and brought religious and cultural beliefs with them.
4. Hinduism was an ancient religion of India. Karma, dharma, reincarnation, moksha, and caste are important Hindu beliefs. Karma is the idea that an individual s actions have consequences in this life or the next. Dharma involves the rules of caste. Reincarnation is the belief in the rebirth of the soul. Moksha is the end of reincarnation and union with the Divine. Caste is the fixed social class system of Hinduism. There are four castes: Brahmins or priests, warriors, merchants, and farmers. The caste system lacks social mobility. A person is born into his caste and remains in his caste a lifetime. Untouchables belong to no caste. With independence, untouchability was declared illegal but discrimination exists. The majority of Indians are Hindus. Hinduism is the dominant religion of India. 5. Buddhism (c. 500 B.C.E.) originated in India as a reaction to Hindu thought. The founder of Buddhism was Siddhartha Gautama. Siddhartha came to believe that life had suffering and that suffering was caused by selfish desire. The Four Noble Truths of Buddhism explain the nature of suffering and how suffering can end. The Four Noble Truths are that life has suffering, that desire causes suffering, that suffering can end, and that individuals should follow the Eightfold Path. The Eightfold Path encouraged Buddhists to practice right action to help end suffering. According to Buddhists, the end of suffering is known as nirvana. Like Hindus, Buddhists believe in reincarnation but Buddhists do not accept the Hindu caste system. 6. The Maurya Empire (ca. 323 185 B.C.E.) was an early Indian empire. Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Mauryan Empire. However, Asoka (r. 262-232 B.C.E.) was a significant ruler of the Mauryan Empire. After a violent battle, Asoka renounced violence and converted to Buddhism. He encouraged the spread of Buddhism and ordered his ideas inscribed on his Edicts of Asoka or Pillars of Asoka. 7. The Gupta Empire (320 550 C.E.) was a golden age of Hindu culture. Advances in math and science occurred. The concept of zero, the decimal system, and the concept of infinity developed. Hindu traditions were preserved. 8. The Mughal Empire (1526 1707) was an Islamic Empire in India. Muslim rulers controlled a Hindu majority. Some Mughal rulers were tolerant like Akbar the Great (r. 1556 1605). Others were not. The Taj Mahal was constructed during this time period. 9. The British East India Company monopolized trade in India. The Company ruled most of the subcontinent. Sepoys were soldiers employed by the Company. 10. The Sepoy Rebellion or Sepoy Mutiny (1857 1858) occurred when sepoys, Indian soldiers in the British East Company, rebelled. The soldiers rebelled when rumors circulated regarding the issuance of beef and pork grease for their guns cartridges. To Hindus, the cow is a sacred animal. To Muslims, pork is forbidden. The Sepoy Rebellion was an attempt to remove the British from India. However, it failed. Yet the desire for a free India only increased over the years. 11. After the Sepoy Rebellion, the British crown took over the colony. The era of imperialism under the British crown had begun in the subcontinent. 12. Mohandas Gandhi (1869 1948) was the nationalist leader of India s independence movement. Gandhi advocated nonviolence and passive resistance. He used boycotts and civil disobedience. During the boycott, Indians were encouraged to stop buying British goods. During the Salt March, Indians were encouraged to make their own salt in violation of the British monopoly on salt production. Breaking an unjust law and facing the consequences is known as civil disobedience. India achieved independence in 1947. 13. At independence (1947), the subcontinent was ed or divided. Pakistan was created for Indian Muslims. Since Muslims were a minority in Hindu-dominated India, they feared discrimination. Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876 1949) was the leader of the Muslim League. 14. India experienced a Green Revolution (1965) when science and technology (i.e. better fertilizers and better seeds) were used to increase India s food production. 15. India developed nuclear weapons by the 1970s. 16. Tensions between India and Pakistan have increased over Kashmir; this land is between India and Pakistan.
NAME DATE INDIAN PARTITION Definition Sepoy Jewel of the crown Sepoy Mutiny Raj Rowlatt Acts Amritsar Massacre Mohandas K. Gandhi civil disobedience Salt March Congress Party Muhammed Ali Jinnah Muslim League Jawaharlal Nehru Indira Gandhi Benazir Bhutto WORD BANK Indira Gandhi Muhammad Ali Jinnah Benazir Bhutto Jawaharlal Nehru Important leaders in the history of India and Pakistan during the twentieth century include the leader of the Muslim league,. He helped India fight for its independence. The first prime minister of India was. India fought a war with Pakistan over Kashmir during his rule. His daughter,, followed him in the role of prime minister. She, in turn, was followed to power by her son, Rajiv Gandhi. The of India lead to the creation of Pakistan. One of the important leaders of Pakistan was. REVIEW INDIA Word Bank Indus River Valley Ganges River Monsoons Himalayas peninsula Aryans Harappa Mohenjo-Daro Hinduism Karma dharma caste reincarnation Moksha Buddhism Eightfold Path nirvana Four Noble Truths reincarnation Asoka Maurya Empire Gupta Empire Edicts of Asoka Abkar the Great Mughal Empire British East India Company Sepoy Rebellion Taj Mahal Mohandas Gandhi British crown civil disobedience nonviolence boycotts Nationalist ed Muhammad Ali Jinnah Green Revolution Pakistan Kashmir nuclear weapons 17. are seasonal winds. Some monsoon winds bring rains that help Indian farmers. The separate India from China but passes in the mountains allow for movement of peoples. Civilization in South Asia developed in the. The is a sacred river. India is a.
18. The Indus River was a cradle for early civilization. Two important cities, and (c. 2500 B.C.E. 1500 B.C.E.), existed. These cities demonstrated urban planning or carefully built cities. Every brick in every building was the same size. 19. The (1500 B.C.E.) migrated into the Indian subcontinent and brought religious and cultural beliefs with them. 20. was an ancient religion of India.,,,, and are important Hindu beliefs. Karma is the idea that an individual s actions have consequences in this life or the next. Dharma involves the rules of caste. Reincarnation is the belief in the rebirth of the soul. Moksha is the end of reincarnation and union with the Divine. Caste is the fixed social class system of Hinduism. There are four castes: Brahmins or priests, warriors, merchants, and farmers. The caste system lacks social mobility. A person is born into his caste and remains in his caste a lifetime. Untouchables belong to no caste. With independence, untouchability was declared illegal but discrimination exists. The majority of Indians are Hindus. Hinduism is the dominant religion of India. 21. (c. 500 B.C.E.) originated in India as a reaction to Hindu thought. The founder of Buddhism was Siddhartha Gautama. Siddhartha came to believe that life had suffering and that suffering was caused by selfish desire. The of Buddhism explain the nature of suffering and how suffering can end. The Four Noble Truths are that life has suffering, that desire causes suffering, that suffering can end, and that individuals should follow the. The Eightfold Path encouraged Buddhists to practice right action to help end suffering. According to Buddhists, the end of suffering is known as nirvana. Like Hindus, Buddhists believe in but Buddhists do not accept the Hindu caste system. 22. The (ca. 323 185 B.C.E.) was an early Indian empire. Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Mauryan Empire. However, (r. 262-232 B.C.E.) was a significant ruler of the Mauryan Empire. After a violent battle, Asoka renounced violence and converted to Buddhism. He encouraged the spread of Buddhism and ordered his ideas inscribed on his or Pillars of Asoka. 23. The (320 550 C.E.) was a golden age of Hindu culture. Advances in math and science occurred. The concept of zero, the decimal system, and the concept of infinity developed. Hindu traditions were preserved. 24. The (1526 1707) was an Islamic Empire in India. Muslim rulers controlled a Hindu majority. Some Mughal rulers were tolerant like (r. 1556 1605). Others were not. The was constructed during this time period. 25. The monopolized trade in India. The Company ruled most of the subcontinent. Sepoys were soldiers employed by the Company. 26. The or Sepoy Mutiny (1857 1858) occurred when sepoys, Indian soldiers in the British East Company, rebelled. The soldiers rebelled when rumors circulated regarding the issuance of beef and pork grease for their guns cartridges. To Hindus, the cow is a sacred animal. To Muslims, pork is forbidden. The Sepoy Rebellion was an attempt to remove the British from India. However, it failed. Yet the desire for a free India only increased over the years. 27. After the Sepoy Rebellion, the took over the colony. The era of imperialism under the British crown had begun in the subcontinent. 28. (1869 1948) was the leader of India s independence movement. Gandhi advocated and passive resistance. He used and. During the boycott, Indians were encouraged to stop buying British goods. During the Salt March, Indians were encouraged to make their own salt in violation of the British monopoly on salt production. Breaking an unjust law and facing the consequences is known as civil disobedience. India achieved independence in 1947. 29. At independence (1947), the subcontinent was or divided. was created for Indian Muslims. Since Muslims were a minority in Hindu-dominated India, they feared discrimination. (1876 1949) was the leader of the Muslim League. 30. India experienced a (1965) when science and technology (i.e. better fertilizers and better seeds) were used to increase India s food production. 31. India developed by the 1970s. 32. Tensions between India and Pakistan have increased over ; this land is between India and Pakistan.