The Driver Families Their History, Emigration and Success in Ogden by Julie Cannon Markham, great-great granddaughter

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1 The Driver Families Their History, Emigration and Success in Ogden by Julie Cannon Markham, great-great granddaughter Heritage of William Driver & Charlotte Emblen Boulter A royal residence for millennia, Thetford was e ancient capital of Queen Boudica, a Celtic leader who challenged e Roman occupation in 60 AD. She victoriously led her army against a nearby Roman settlement and en charged toward e new Roman city of Londinium. The Roman governor, realizing his troops could not wistand is tribal assault, left Londinium wi his soldiers, leaving e city defenseless. Thousands were killed as Boudica regained control of Britain. The Romans later recovered eir lost holdings and brought Christianity to e Celtic tribes. A missionary preached on a hill in Feltwell, near Thetford, and a pillar was erected in his 1 honor. In e fif century, Germanic tribes known as e Anglo- Saxons decimated e Celts as e Roman Empire lost power. Christian missionaries from Ireland, greatly influenced by St. Patrick, again took Christianity to East Anglia, one of seven Anglo-Saxon Young King Edmund of East Anglia died a martyr at e hands of e Anglo-Saxons in 869. He is buried at e abbey in Bury St. Edmunds, e birplace of William Driver. kingdoms. Faiful followers built a chapel around e Feltwell pillar. In 855, fourteen-year-old Edmund became e newly-crowned Anglo- Saxon leader of East Anglia, widrawing into seclusion for a year so he could memorize Christian writings. In 869, e Viking army, known to all in East Anglia as e heaen enemy, advanced from Denmark in e east toward Edmund s royal residence in Thetford. Edmund was captured in battle as he led his armies against e Danes. Even under torture, Edmund did not surrender, nor did he deny his religion. He died a martyr and was buried at an abbey twenty miles away. The church canonized Edmund and e abbey became a pilgrim site. A town grew around e abbey, known en and now as Bury St. Edmunds. In succeeding centuries, e Anglo- Saxons united all of England. Harold II, Earl of East Anglia, took e rone In 60 A.D., e widowed Queen Boudica of ancient Thetford gaered Celtic tribes in East Anglia and decimated e invading and brutal Roman army, killing about 60,000 soldiers. Thetford became e ancestral home of William Driver. William e Conqueror, a strong man who could shoot a bow at a full gallop, led a large invasion force to Hastings in 1066 where he claimed e British rone.

2 William Driver s family came from Feltwell, a town wi an ancient heritage. Charlotte Boulter was born in Hastings, where in 1066 William e Conqueror overrew Harold II, e last Anglo-Saxon king. in His predecessor s cousin, William of Normandy, insisted e rone belonged to him. He gaered an army from e coasts across e English Channel and set sail. Harold II had moved nor to fight off attacking Viking invaders but rushed sou to Hastings when he learned William and his army had reached land. The battle of Hastings was won by e superior Norman archers, calvary and infantry and Harold II died from arrow wounds. William brought a continental European influence to e country and is known today as e last successful invader of England. His army advanced to Feltwell in Thetford Parish, destroying much of e Anglo-Saxon chapel, but building eir own church around e original Roman pillar. The next eight hundred years brought many changes. Two centuries after William e Conqueror arrived, barons of England met at e abbey in Bury St. Edmunds and forced King John to accept eir petitions limiting royal power, leading to e Magna Carta. A ird of e entire British population died from e Black Dea in e following century. During e 15 century, e Feltwell chapel, named after St. Nicholas, a four century Greek bishop who gave secret gifts, was damaged by fire and rebuilt, alough subsequent additions preserved e Roman pillar and a Norman archway. Amidst e European Reformation in e 16 century initiated by Martin Luer, King Henry VIII instituted e Church of England and as a result e St. Nicholas Parishioners became Protestant. The last years of e reign of Queen Elizabe in e early 17 century saw significant world expansion, including e founding of e colony of Virginia in America. Thousands of Puritans from e lands of East Anglia, motivated at least in part by e desire for religious freedom, left England for e New England colonies during e ensuing decades. A century later, John Wesley, a young minister in e Church of England, set sail wi his broer Charles for e British colony of Georgia to minister to e emigrants and teach e Native Americans. However, a fellow colonist desired his affections, even going so far as to sue him when he ended eir engagement. Upon returning to England to escape her wra, he heard a 2 Moravian preacher s discourse on Martin Luer s ninety-five eses. Wesley felt his heart strangely warmed, and as a result, he changed e doctrine of his sermons, speaking more on scriptural holiness. Banned from speaking in local caedrals, he began preaching in e open air, occasionally using his rector-faer s gravestone as a pulpit. By 1739, John and Charles had organized Meodism and were persecuted by Church of England clergy. Ultimately, John met wi great success, organizing congregations all over England during e next ree decades.

3 In e 1770s, King George III fought desperately to keep e American colonies under his control. His son William served as a naval officer in New York City during e Revolution and was e target of an unsuccessful kidnaping attempt by George Washington. At Lord Cornwall s surrender in Yorktown in 1781, King George was humiliated and, after considering abdication, instead worked for a sustained peace wi e American ambassador, John Adams. After e Revolutionary War, American congregations under e direction of e Church of England were banned from partaking of e sacrament, so John Wesley organized Meodist congregations in e United States. Charles preached in e Marylebone area of London, which was named after St. Mary and built on a stream, or bourne. He often taught while wearing a blue coat and broad hat while riding a white pony. Charles wrote many well-loved hymns, including Jesus, Lover of my Soul, Hark, e Herald Angels Sing, Rejoice, The Lord is King and Christ e Lord Is Risen Today. Samuel Boulter, grandfaer to Charlotte Emblen Boulter, is born In 1785, James and Anna Boulter christened eir infant son Samuel in London s St. Marylebone chapel. Three years later, Charles Wesley was buried in e Marylebone graveyard. James and Anna were bo deceased by 1830 when William IV began his reign after e dea of his broer George IV. As king, William brought several reforms, among em abolishing slavery roughout e British empire, which by is time included Canada, Ireland, Scotland, India, Egypt, and colonies in Africa. The tiny island-nation of England controlled irty percent of world trade. 3 William Driver is born During e winter of 1837, George Driver, a skilled carpenter, moved his nineteen year old bride Mary Killingwor twenty miles from eir Feltwell home to Bury St. Edmunds so he could 4 complete a building project. Their first child was born in e spring and named William, after eir king. Wiin a few weeks e king had died, and eighteen-year-old Victoria 5 began her reign. Later Victoria would associate herself wi e ancient Queen Boudica as defender of e British nation. St. Nicholas Chapel, which was built around an ancient Roman pillar, is where William Driver was christened in That summer, George and Mary traveled twenty miles home to Feltwell where eir son was christened in St. Nicholas Chapel, a short walking distance Upon her uncle s dea in 1837, e year William Driver was born, Victoria became e Queen of England. 6 from e family home. They were greeted by kin and neighbors, including Mary s parents, several relatives of her moer s Russell family, and oers who would later be connected to e Drivers rough marriage. The Killingwor and Russell families had lived in Feltwell for many generations. Upon her faer s

4 dea e following year, Mary inherited considerable holdings even ough her moer Elizabe 7 was still alive. While laws advocating religious tolerance had been enacted in 1812, only during King William s reign did is freedom become a reality. In July of 1837, ten days after e christening of little William Driver, Apostles Orson Hyde and Heber C. Kimball of e Church of Jesus Christ of 8 Latter-day Saints, accompanied by Joseph Fielding and two oer missionaries, arrived in Liverpool to preach e restored Gospel of Jesus Christ. George Driver was not particularly 9 religious. William s moer Mary, however, had begun to follow Meodism. During e next ten years seven more children were born to Mary and George in Feltwell, but ree of ese children, including eir only daughter, died young. By is time George s business included architecture, and he was often engaged in building caedrals and became a successful contractor. William Joins e LDS Church The following year, when only twelve years old, William learned of e Mormons rough Richard Smi, a missionary whom he deeply respected. The missionaries had worked diligently for over a decade, and by is time e England mission was divided into a dozen conferences. The Norwich Conference covered most of East Anglia, still a known location in Britain. William faifully attended all eir meetings, and in 1851 fourteen-year-old William was baptized into e LDS Church by twenty-one-year-old Thomas J. Stayner. Elder Stayner had joined e Church e previous year wi his family and was almost immediately called to serve as a missionary. 10 William was soon ordained a deacon and was en ordained a priest, e youngest in e Norwich 11 Conference. On occasion he presided over local meetings. A fearless speaker, William often preached to large groups in Feltwell and e surrounding villages about e principles of e restored gospel. He was aware at his you was a factor in his ability to draw people, but he was oroughly converted. 12 During is period, George Driver moved to London to accept a foreman position wi a large building firm. He invested heavily in is project, mortgaging his wife s properties to back his endeavor. Six mons after William s baptism, George died, leaving Mary in Feltwell wi five sons to care for. Upon George s dea, Mary lost almost everying. William and Robert were teenagers. Jesse and Charles were just a few years younger. John was only ree years old. In e summer of 1855, William s fourteen-year-old broer Jesse was baptized into e LDS 15 Church by Charles Stayner, e broer of e missionary who baptized William. Sixteen-yearold Robert, twelve-year-old Charles and eir youngest broer John never joined e LDS Church. 16 William and his broers hired out to work on neighboring farms. An uncle had promised

5 William a carpentry apprenticeship so William stayed in e area to be in a position to accept 17 is. A few years after his faer s dea, William realized e apprenticeship would not materialize, so he traveled ninety miles sou to Battersea, a suburb of London, where he obtained employment at Price s Patent Candles, e largest manufacturer 18 of candles in England. Being on e Thames, Battersea was a good location for industries. In addition to candles, palm oil from West Africa was imported for lamp oil. The company was founded in 1830 and still About 1855 William Driver left Feltwell for Battersea, where he worked for Price s Patent Candles, a manufacturing company which also dealt in pharmaceuticals. There he attended e Chelsea Branch. In 1858 he married Charlotte Boulter in e Holy Trinity Church in Brompton and afterward ey settled in Islington. Charlotte s grandfaer Samuel was born in Marylebone. Hyde Park, an early fooold for e LDS Church, is between Marylebone and Brompton. William was president of e Wandswor Branch when ey emigrated to e United States in exists today, alough it has moved to Liverpool. While in Battersea, William attended e Chelsea Branch of e LDS Church, about a mile across e Thames River from Battersea. At is time London was e largest city in e world wi a population of several million. Trains had become not just a means of transportation, but a way of uniting e enormous city wi its suburbs. In 1856, at e age of nineteen, William was ordained an Elder. Leaving his job, he was called to travel to e Kent Conference, which included Sussex County where William e Conqueror had arrived eight hundred years earlier. Elder Driver had his own battles to fight at is time. He was initially sent to e Arundel District, serving in Brighton on e coast, but wiin a mon he was struck wi cholera and suffered tremendous pain. At one point, his companions believed he had died, but after ree weeks William was able to resume his missionary labors. In January of 1857 he was sent to Brede Mills in e Hastings District. There he was called to be 19 e district president and many on e Church records were shown to have been baptized by him. While in Hastings, he was attacked by evil spirits and on one occasion felt he was being choked to dea. At is time, he was staying at e home of LDS member Henry Whatman, who administered to Elder Driver and rebuked e powers of darkness. Later in e summer, he endured anoer attack by evil spirits. He described is dark experience as one where it seemed he had been shocked wi an electric current. His entire body turned red and he suffered violent

6 headaches. Not only was he healed after a few days, but a young son living in is home was healed from chronic sores after a Priesood blessing, even ough doctors had called his condition incurable. 20 In 1856 William was called to serve in e Kent Conference, which included bo Kent and Sussex Counties. Initially he served in e Arundel District, but he was later sent to Brede Mills in e Hastings District where he served as district president. There, he met Charlotte Emblen Boulter who attended e branch wi her moer Mary Ann and her grandparents, Samuel and Elizabe Boulter. William meets Charlotte Boulter In e Brede Mills congregation was fifteen-year-old Charlotte Boulter, who had joined e Church at year. Charlotte s grandparents, Samuel and Elizabe Boulter, were baptized into e 21 LDS Church in Also, e wife of Charlotte s uncle Thomas, Mary Ann Boulter, had joined e Church wi her daughter Eliza Ann. 22 Samuel likely settled along e coast after leaving e Marylebone area of London for e same reason William went to Battersea better opportunities. In 1810 Samuel had married Elizabe Ann Reeves. Samuel and Elizabe raised a large family in Dover, fifty miles east of Hastings along e coast of

7 A Norman castle at Dover Harbor stands behind a Roman lighouse. St. Mary s chapel is on e left overlooking e straight. Charlotte Driver s faer, Charles H. Boulter, was christened at St. Mary s in Painting circa England, seventy-five miles soueast of London. Charles Humphreys, eir ird of ten children, was 23 born in Dover was an ancient town, less an irty miles across e English Channel from France, and in a strategic location. The Romans built a stone fort in e first century to protect e busy harbor and its two lighouses, one of which still stands. Four centuries later e Saxons built e Christian church of St. Mary e Virgin, which is still in use today, having been restored rough e centuries. It was in is chapel, which overlooks e English Channel and stands next to an ancient Norman castle, at Charles Humphreys Boulter and his siblings were christened. Samuel Boulter began work as a tanner but also worked as a shoemaker. By 1841 he and his sons were 24 chimney sweeps. Wi every household having a chimney, is was a common occupation. Alough it was fraught wi difficulties, children were often hired as apprentices and encouraged to climb up into e dark, sooty chimneys to clean em. It appears at Samuel apprenticed his sons and ey continued in is occupation roughout eir lives. Later in his life, Charles left e sweep business and sold goods and 25 produce from a shop, but is was after his children were raised. According to census records, Samuel and Elizabe moved near Charles family in Hastings about e time ey joined e LDS Church. As e Church grew in England, more branches were created, and Elizabe and Samuel s names appear on several branch records, such as Brede, Brighton and Hastings, but it is possible at branch boundaries were what was changing, not e location of e Boulters, until ey moved back to Dover. The names of e missionaries who baptized ese family members were remembered and recorded by William. These men were all local British missionaries who had been called to serve in Great Britain after eir own conversions, and who en all emigrated to Utah. 26 The financial standing of Charlotte s family was clearly different an William s. Certainly her family was poor. Her moer, Mary Ann, was illegitimate, born to Sarah Turk in 1820 in e small fishing village of Playden, a mile from e town of Rye and not far from Hastings. It is 27 possible at Sarah was taken advantage of by a passing soldier. Mary Ann used e surname 28 Baker, and it is believed at is was e name of her faer. Today, noing else is known of him. When Mary Ann was almost seven years old, her moer married Henry Jarrett, a sailor. 29 Thomas and Sarah Turk, Sarah s parents, attended e wedding. In 1830, Sarah Jarrett gave bir to her only son, Henry John, ten years younger an Mary Ann. Six years later, at e age of sixteen, Mary Ann married twenty-one-year-old Charles Humphreys Boulter, and his parents were witnesses at eir wedding. By 1841 e couple was living in Hastings, where Mary Ann had 30 given bir to ree daughters, including Charlotte. The oldest daughter lived only six mons. Charles irteen-year-old broer Thomas lived wi eir family, apprenticed to him as a sweep.

8 By 1856, six more children had been born to Charles and Mary Ann Boulter. This was e year Elder William Driver arrived to preach in e Kent Conference. William and Charlotte Marry As William completed his first year of missionary 31 service, his moer Mary died in Feltwell. His four younger broers were now completely orphaned. Alough eir grandmoer Driver lived nearby, William felt it necessary to leave e mission field and see to eir welfare. Their grandmoer took in e two youngest boys, 32 and William returned to missionary work, serving 33 in e London Conference. William invited Charlotte to London, and in August of 1858, ten days after Charlotte turned sixteen, she and William were married in e Holy Trinity Church in Brompton, a London suburb. Five oer couples were married at e same time sharing 34 e expenses of e elaborate ceremony. When William s missionary service ended, e couple settled in Islington, about five miles across London from Brompton. William and Charlotte Driver were married at e Anglican Holy Trinity Chapel in Brompton, a suburb of London. British law required at ey be married in an Anglican Church if eir own congregation did not have an auorized registrar. In seeking a job to support his wife, William received recommendations from influential men in e city, likely associates of his faer, and was nominated for an appointment to e customs house. However, he did not realize a gratuity was expected by e interviewing official, and he 35 did not get e job. Through help from Charlotte s uncle William Carter, a former chimney sweep who had become a minister, William received a job as a reporter and general utility man for e London Messenger, a 36 publisher of religious tracts and news. However, when it became known at William was a Mormon, he was let go. Charlotte and William returned to Brighton where eir first child, a son 37 ey named George, was born in There William worked as a painter and was called to 38 serve as e president of e Brighton Branch. Wiin two years William and Charlotte had returned to Battersea where William worked at Price Chemical Works, a pharmaceutical company associated wi e candle company. William would later labor in is profession for most of his life. It appears his younger broer Jesse lived in London near him, or perhaps wi him. He 39 worked at a rifle factory. In 1861 a daughter, Elizabe Mary Ann, was born. Living only six mons, is baby would be 40 e first of eleven children William and Charlotte would lose. Interestingly, at year Charlotte s 41 moer gave bir to her last of twelve children. The next year Charlotte had a baby girl, Ellen Barbara, who was called Nellie. In December of 1863, Charlotte gave bir to eir four child, a little boy named William Charles, named after William and his faer-in-law.

9 William and Charlotte Prepare to Emigrate For several years William served as e president of e Wandswor Branch, a congregation centered two miles from Battersea where ey lived. Wi many oer members of e Church, 42 William and Charlotte began eir preparations to emigrate to Utah. At is time, Apostle George Q. Cannon was e British mission president, where he served in London until From Salt Lake City, President Brigham Young encouraged all converts to leave England, cross e Atlantic, and travel two ousand miles across e continental United States to Utah. Ultimately 65,000 British saints would emigrate to Utah. 43 Along wi President Young s words for a push to emigrate to Zion in e Rocky Mountains, England in e mid-nineteen century was fraught wi difficult economic times. The potato famine in Ireland during e 1840s sent ousands of Irish immigrants to England where ey displaced English workers. In e latter half of at century, over 100,000 emigrants of all creeds 44 left England for e United States. Help from e LDS Church in e form of chartered ships, wi Church agents assisting along e way, made emigrating easier. The Perpetual Emigration Fund was a help to many, alough e Drivers did not rely on is resource. In 1864, Jesse left e rifle company and began working for a grocer. On occasion William 45 worked wi him. In 1865 Jesse married Mary Hardy Prior, a new member of e LDS Church from London. She was e daughter of a baker, e youngest of ree children. Her moer died 46 shortly after she was born, and her faer remarried and had seven more children. After Jesse and Mary s marriage, ey returned to Feltwell, where Jesse worked as a gardener for a wealy estate owner. Broer George obtained work as a groom for an estate owner in Feltwell. 47 William s broer John, now sixteen, moved to London and lived near him. Most likely eir grandmoer had died by is time, and e boys were on eir own. In August of 1865, twenty-four-year old Charlotte had her fif child, a daughter she named after her moer Mary Ann, but she added e middle name of Elizabe, e name of her grandmoer Boulter. This gravy spoon, about 4 inches long, was brought from England. In e spring of 1866, William and Charlotte packed dishes and precious belongings, along wi cloing and items for eir four children, in preparation to emigrate to e United States. In a journal William kept of his journey to America, he mentioned e help his younger broer John gave in getting his family to e dock. On e Four of May, William wrote at ey were at home, disposing of goods & preparing to start for e docks, great difficulty 48 in clearing out. Six-year-old George walked alongside a wooden cart carrying e family s belongings, including a set of dishes, two salt cellars 49 and some silverware. Three-year-old Ellen and two-year-old Willie rode in e cart, pushed by eighteen-year-old Uncle John. Charlotte carried eight-mon-old Mary Ann, who was nick-

10 named Polly. She wore a pink sweater and a 50 little white bonnet trimmed wi lace. William wrote at e cart broke and rew e children wi great violence to e ground. One luggage box was also damaged. However, ey arrived at e dock about 8 o clock, unaware at little William had suffered an injury to his spine. The family boarded e ship Caroline and waived good-bye to John on e dock. Possibly oer family members were ere, such as Charlotte s parents and her Boulter grandparents. These two salt cellars, 1.5 inches square, were carefully packed and brought 7,500 miles across e Atlantic Ocean and continental US in This white bonnet, trimmed wi lace, was worn by little Mary Ann Elizabe Driver during her trip across e Atlantic and en Nor America. The Caroline had been in service for fifteen years and had made two previous trans-atlantic voyages. Bo of ese latter trips had been between Bristol on e west coast and Quebec in Nor America, and is ship had carried between one and two hundred British emigrants and returning missionaries each time. The ship was relatively modern in its design, wi more an eight feet between decks, allowing e passengers to stand while below. Captain Stephen Adey led e crew on is trip, which would carry almost four hundred LDS converts. Some were from Switzerland and Holland, many of whom had traveled by train to arrive at e London docks. This voyage had been carefully organized by Brigham Young, Jr, e new mission president who acted as e LDS Church agent supervising British emigration. Samuel H. Hill was appointed to be e leading elder. 51 William s Family Leaves England Mary Ann Elizabe Driver wore is sweater on her trip to America. Ida Mae Cannon Smi (Mary Ann s granddaughter) told me at for many years is sweater was stored in a strong box wi a pistol resting on top of it. A steam tug pulled e Caroline down e Thames to e English Channel on Sunday afternoon, May 5, after being cleared by government officials. Just before 5 o clock e ship safely passed e Nore lightship, a boat lit wi fire. This small ship was moored over a large sand bar which

11 had in e past proved dangerous to deep, ocean-going vessels. That evening e saints were organized into seven wards by Elder Hill. Twenty-nine-year-old William was called to preside over e Third Ward. The leaders gave instructions to e converts designed to keep em safe and healy during eir six-week journey. Cleanliness was imperative, including scraping e gangways. Sleeping bers were to be kept well-aired, and all were to demean ourselves so at noing tending to immorality be made manifest, at God s blessings might be wi us on our journey across e ocean, William wrote. Upon reaching e English Channel, e ship struggled against a strong headwind and heavy fog. Little progress was made for six days. William wrote, Our good ship lost her course and before e pilot discovered our position, we were wiin a few rods of [e] sou side of Isle of Wight. We lost a yard and sail, several ropes snapped like read. We tacked ship and anchored at e Moerbank, a providential escape from shipwreck. My Willie very sick, my wife sick wi In May of 1866, William and Charlotte Driver and eir young family boarded e ship Caroline at e London Docks. They sailed east past e Nore Light Ship, which marked a treacherous sand bar. Fog and wind kept em in e English Channel for six days, and ey nearly ran aground near e Isle of Wight. Finally, ey passed Falmou and were on eir way to America. rheumatics, myself from a severe cold. Nearly all on board very sick, a boisterous week. On Sunday e 13, just one week into eir long journey, ey remained at anchor all day. It was at is point at William began to worry his son Willie might not survive e journey. On Monday a slight breeze took em back into e channel wi very calm waters. Charlotte was not feeling well, and Willie was dealy ill. The next day ey passed Falmou and sailed into e Atlantic. Willie began to recover, alough Charlotte remained quite ill. The doctor on board 52 moved Willie to e forecastle, e front of e ship, hoping e fresh air would bring a recovery.

12 On Wednesday a strong wind from e east blew e ship west into e Atlantic. Willie improved a little, but William suffered wi a cold. In addition to attending to his wife and children, he helped e crew haul anchors from e deck in e hold of e ship for storage so ey would not beat a hole in e side of hull as ey swayed back and for during e journey. 53 On Friday e weaer calmed, but e waves rolled e ship from side to side. Little forward progress was made toward America. Willie became very restless, alough Charlotte s heal improved significantly. Ellen and George were enjoying e trip. Elder Hill offered Willie some port wine in an attempt to help him sleep better, but his restlessness kept bo him and his faer awake all night. On Saturday a good breeze caught e ship and ey sailed along first class, but on Sunday Willie worsened wi e weaer, which had made e entire family and many oer passengers qualmish. Charlotte was too ill to nurse, so William let baby Mary Ann suck on a piece of clo 54 soaked wi cold tea and sugar. William was desperate to find food at Willie could tolerate. Oer passengers were generous and shared biscuits from eir personal supplies for him. William wrote to future passengers, Those who come to sea should be very careful to bring wi em as many comforts as possible, especially for e children such as arrowroot, soft biscuits, port wine, brandy, preserved milk, sherbet [fruit juice], & is from bitter experience. On Sunday morning e rest of e family began to recover, but not Willie. William wrote, Poor Willie very bad all day. That night he woke Charlotte up, inking Willie was near dea, but Willie kept breaing. The sea was rough and e ship was bourne up and down on e waves. st The next morning, Monday e 21, e storm worsened. The ship rolled hard enough to row William off a stool and break his water glass. Belongings were tossed into e gangways and tin dishes were rown about, causing confusion and fear among e passengers. The burial at sea of anoer child e previous evening had depressed everyone. That morning, in e midst of e storm, Willie died. William wrote, Willie, my dearest child was very ill all night until 7.30 a. m. when he was released from his sufferings. William en offered is prayer as he wrote, God bless his dear soul. How he suffered....oh how I mourn is great affliction. O Lord help me by y power to bear it as from y hand and stimulate me to more nobly and faifully serve ee and may I live to prepare to meet him in a happier and better world wi his dear sister, Elizabe Maryann and at e resurrection of e just may I be ere to meet em. O God grant ese blessings in e name of Jesus. My wife is much cut up. Willie most likely died from pneumonia caused by inactivity from e spinal injury sustained during e cart accident. An internal infection from e injury is also possible. 55 That afternoon, e first and second mates sewed Willie s body in canvas clo and put weights in e bag. At 7 p.m., Captain Adey read e burial service and Willie was dropped over e side of e ship. William and Charlotte were heartbroken, and William wrote, He was a fine, intelligent boy. God bless him. The next day a strong wind moved e ship westward, but e passengers complained because ey could not cook eir food. Two fires in e cooks galley had destroyed e chimney, and e

13 56 sailors were hastening to repair it. In e meantime, e passengers ate cold food. The wind blew all day long and at evening everyone prayed below e decks. Over e course of e next few days, William wrote of e strong wind and mentioned e ships ey passed along eir course, some sailing vessels, some steam ships. Charlotte recovered from her initial illness. An experienced transatlantic sailor, new to e crew of e Caroline, told William is particular voyage was a wonderful passage wi good speed and weaer, and one of e cooks on board said he had made is passage irty-five times and had never seen a better voyage. At one evening s prayer meeting, Elder Hill reproved a few passengers for buying consecrated oil from a member for a shilling per spoonful. He warned at ey would be cursed instead of blessed. Nearly ree weeks into eir journey, William wrote of seeing seals and added at Elder Hill said ey were off e coast of Newfoundland, alough William could not see land. The ship s cooks baked cake for breakfast, which pleased e passengers. A fellow passenger gave William baked flour for Mary Ann to suck rough a tube. The weaer became so rough at it was not safe enough for e passengers to hold eir evening prayers on e deck. On Sunday e 27 of May, William wrote at little George, while playing, fell from e top ber to e deck. Certainly after Willie s dea, William was extremely protective of e children, but he did not mention any ill effects from e fall. The weaer had turned bitter cold wi nor winds, so again ey held eir Sunday meetings below e deck. William mentioned occasional fights between e sailors and quarreling among members of anoer ward. On Monday William saw a steam ship wi four masts heading for home, meaning England. He en mentioned seeing several whales and flocks of birds. That evening a Swiss child was committed to e deep. William recorded seeing porpoises near e ship. A fog settled in and William could hear a fog horn from e coast warning of shallow water. The sea rolled and e ship tossed, and William wrote, Pails, tins, barrels, people, etc. rolling about in beautiful confusion. On Wednesday, May 30, William awoke to a clear morning, alough it was very cold wi heavy ocean swells. He saw, a shoal of porpoises, some jumped clear from e water. The wind caught e sails and moved e ship rapidly along during e night and into e morning hours. Suddenly e wind changed, knocking little George from e deck to e bottom of e hatchway. A cry of, All hands on deck! raer frightened some of e folk as ey felt e immense straining of e ship. When e wind struck her we were in great danger of foundering, but e winds calmed and e ship was soon out of danger. The next morning e cooks served rice for breakfast as e stock of bread declined. At sundown William stood wi Charlotte on e forecastle to watch a magnificent sunset. On Friday, e first of June, Ellen awoke wi a severe rash which William speculated was measles or scarlatina. The rest of e family, including William, were in poor heal. The following day 57 Elder Hill gave Ellen some brandy from his personal medicine stock, and a good sister gave her

14 some saffron which still today is a folk remedy for measles. Elder Hill wanted Ellen moved from eir dark ber to e forecastle where she could get fresh air, but William strongly resisted, believing Willie s rest in e forecastle caused his final turn for e worse. The ship s doctor mediated and said since e disease had not fully manifested itself, Ellen didn t need to be moved. It is possible Elder Hill was concerned about contagion. William mentioned seeing a fishing smack, a vessel from e coast. They knew ey were close. The wind picked up and e passengers speculated about when ey would arrive in New York City. On Sunday, four weeks into eir journey, ey saw anoer steamship heading into e Atlantic. They passed Cape Sable Island off e coast of Maine. While Ellen had endured a bad night, she woke up cheerful. However, William and Charlotte were again bo ill. They saw anoer fishing boat wi a crew of fifteen. Likely ere was waving and shouting between e ships. The crew served rice to e passengers for dinner. At evening prayers at night Elder Hill called a few members of e Church to repentance. The next few days brought good winds and fast speeds. William stayed up one night wi Ellen, and while she seemed to improve, e rest of e family was not well. William mentioned specifically at Mary Ann was extremely cross. A passenger gave William a can of sweet milk for her. They saw anoer large shoal of porpoise and several more whales. The sailors pulled e anchors from e hold and told e passengers ey might dock in New York on Thursday. William mentioned a fight between a sailor and e second mate, and Elder Hill, called on e Saints to cease backbiting. It was time for e journey to end. On Wednesday, sailors washed e decks and bulwarks while William looked out at e ocean, smoo as a sheet of glass. On Friday, e sailors caught codfish for e passengers lunch, mindful at eir provisions needed to last several more days. William, knowing eir journey was near e end, wrote a letter to his broer Robert and to his faer-in-law, Charles H. Boulter, knowing he could soon post e letters in New York. Certainly he told em ey had arrived safely, all but Willie. On Saturday e crew prepared e ship to enter e New York harbor. Captain Adey told e passengers at land was close at hand after five weeks at sea. That afternoon William briefly glimpsed Long Island, and e pilot of a tug came on board in preparation to lead em to e port. Sunday morning e crew and passengers met togeer. All expressed appreciation to Captain Adey, e doctor, e ship stewards, and to Elder Hill and his counselors. William felt e crew had been social and agreeable, and he didn t feel like a better crew could have been found. He wrote at e captain had been especially kind to all, and wi ree cheers ey ended e meeting. At 3:30 e ship passed e light boat at Sandy Hook and sailed by e batteries on Long Island, so called because of e fortifications built two centuries earlier by e Dutch to defend e city. William wrote, A more magnificent sight I never saw. At six p.m. e crew cast e anchors near e mou of e Hudson River. The port doctor boarded to inspect e

15 William and Charlotte Driver passed rough customs at New York s Castle Garden to enter e United States on e 11 of June, Immigrants did not use Ellis Island until passengers, but Captain Adey made arrangements for him to return at 9 o clock in e morning. The passengers had prayers and retired to eir bers for eir last night on e ship. Monday morning e crew weighed anchor and sailed up e Hudson River to e tip of Manhattan Island. They disembarked at Castle Garden where all U. S. immigrants were processed. William had learned e building was a former eater which had been appropriated by e U.S. government. He described oer immigrants, not speaking highly of e Irish or Germans. There he bought food for his family, mentioning at a pint of milk and a loaf of bread cost twenty cents. The week before ey arrived, seven ousand immigrants were cleared for entry into e US. William and e oer passengers found it very difficult to get rough e process. William s Family Travels to Utah Via The Canadian Grand Trunk Railway William wrote, Weary, dispirited and perplexed, we reached e steam boats, where ey transferred eir luggage. The immigrants traveled a short distance to Peck Slip, where ey again 58 transferred eir luggage onto steamers which would take em to Connecticut. The Church agent had made arrangements for a new route to Utah which would involve a seven hundred mile 59 detour to Canada. Alough it would be much longer, it would be considerably less expensive. They traveled eighty miles nor to New Haven and en transferred eir luggage onto rail cars. William did not mention where ey spent e night, but likely it was on e boat. Tuesday morning e immigrants climbed into train cars and traveled forty miles nor to Hartford, arriving ere at 8:30 a.m. An hour later ey were off again, traveling nor a short distance to Springfield, Massachusetts, where ey transferred luggage, changed cars and continued west rough Massachusetts. William watched e scenery and saw women and children wiout shoes or stockings, observing at ey were not poor, just choosing to be comfortable, wi him apparently not approving. The passengers spent e night in e train. Wednesday morning e baggage train caught on fire and many of e emigrants lost nearly all ey had. William wrote at eir best bag of cloing was burned, but ey were reimbursed $55 in damages. While is was fair compensation, William wasn t certain ey could replace eir cloing in e wilderness of Utah. Their train continued nor for ree hundred miles rough Vermont and into Canada. Along e way ey saw British troops searching for Fenians, Irishmen raising support to free Ireland from British control. They crossed a tubular bridge over e St. Lawrence River into Montreal and spent e night in a shed at e railway station, alough heavy rain kept William awake all night. They again transferred eir luggage onto train trucks, or 60 freight cars on e Grand Trunk Railway, a relatively new railroad system built by e British. During e US Civil War, large Union armies were often on e Canadian border, and e Grand

16 After traveling 3500 miles by ship, William and Charlotte Driver and eir fellow passengers from e Caroline traveled 600 miles nor to Montreal by train. Once in Montreal, ey rode 1000 miles on e Grand Trunk Railway, built during e Civil War to protect Canada s interests. They en traveled anoer ousand miles to Omaha, including a 140 mile leg on e Missouri River by steamboat. London to Omaha cost William 28 pounds. Trunk was built to protect British interests in Canada. After e war, is line facilitated commerce into Detroit and Chicago. On Friday morning, e 15 of June, e passengers boarded ese freight cars and traveled souwest several hundred miles. For e next few days e train moved steadily ahead on tracks near e St. Lawrence River. William noted e towns where ey stopped, such as Lancaster, Williamsburg and Napanee, and e pa of e train is easy for a modern reader to follow. While traveling in Canada, William and e oer travelers realized at e money ey had exchanged in New York had been for a much lower rate an ey could have obtained in Canada where British currency was more valuable. He described e scenery as being very beautiful, especially as ey 61 traveled along Lake Ontario. On Saturday June 16, William wrote, Fine Morning. Ribs tender rough sleeping on e hard boards of a jolting car. He mentioned at a passenger was accidentally left behind and e train went a mile before anyone noticed and ey could recover him. As ey passed rough St. Mary s, William bought a quart of milk for ten cents. William wrote at about five o clock ey, Arrived at Sarnia, a town on Lake Huron, e terminus of e grand trunk railway of Canada.

17 The passengers loaded eir luggage onto a steam boat and crossed e St. Clair River into e United States. At St. Huron, ey once more loaded eir luggage into railway cars but spent e night at e depot, which William wrote was, a dirty lousy place wi about 1000 Germans. William was not pleased to be ere wi em. Took supper at a hotel in Port Huron. Paid 50 cents each. That night a baby who had been born on e Caroline died. Sunday ey boarded e train for a sixty mile trip to Detroit. William left e train to buy milk, bread and butter. He mentioned in his journal at a woman had treated him very kindly. The train left Detroit at midnight and traveled all night and e next day, a distance of ree hundred miles, heading toward Chicago. For e first time ey were able to sleep in a first class train car. However, early in e morning of Tuesday, June 19, as e train approached Buchanan, 62 Michigan, an axle broke. The rear four cars collided on e tracks while e engine pulled e 63 forward cars a mile before being able to stop. William wrote, This morning at 6 o clock a.m. a terrible accident brought us up suddenly. One carriage 4 wheels off, 1 top knocked off, one side and end broken in, 1 [car] rown across e rail, 1 rown completely over on its side, we were obliged to batter in e end to get e people out, 3 carriages... not turned over. It seems miraculous how such a catastrophe could occur and no one be seriously injured as e cars were all full of passengers. A Broer and Sister White from Paddington received injuries, also a little boy of Sister Guivers, tis a distressing sight. Camped and cooked on e railway track. Cleared and we were started again at ½ past 12. A lady gave me potatoes and pork, all persons who saw is disaster say it is a miracle how we escaped wi our lives, brought children back to station... Wife and children sitting on a bank in e broiling sun. Four cars completely mashed. They arrived in Chicago about 8 p.m. at night and slept on e floor of a shed. William wrote at e temperatures were very hot. They had to wait most of Wednesday for new train cars to continue on eir journey. Again, William mentioned at ey had to transfer eir luggage. For e most part of at portion of e trip, e sisters in e company were able to sit in seats. Little Mary Ann was sick as e train rolled along all night. The next afternoon ey arrived at Quincy, Illinois about 3:30. The passengers disembarked and e men again transferred e luggage, is time to a steamboat on e Mississippi River. William bought some food for his family and encountered, several men... loud in eir declamations against e Mormons, Brigham in particular. Some were against such expression and wished us as a people our rights. They left Quincy at 6:45 p.m. and traveled twenty miles down e river to Hannibal, Missouri. William wrote, Weaer very hot indeed. That night e men shifted e luggage from e steamboat to train cars on e Hannibal and St. Joseph Railway, which would take em two hundred miles across Missouri to St. Joseph. A under storm opened up on em e next morning and rocked e train and frightened e passengers roughout e day. At a short stop William was able to buy two quarts of milk for ten cents. He added at his family was doing, pretty well. They reached St. Joseph in e afternoon and slept at night in a shed. The next day William commented, Some of e people here are very bitter against e Mormons. Early Sunday June 25 ey boarded e steamboat St. Joseph. They traveled one hundred and

18 fifty miles to Omaha, Nebraska, stopping along e way to drop off shipments e steamboat was carrying. In Omaha, William met some members of e Church whom ey had known in 64 England. These friends fed em well during e several weeks ey stayed ere. William wrote at he paid twenty-eight British pounds for his family to sail from England and travel by train to Omaha. William s Family Begins Their Trek West Getting emigrants to Utah was not a tidy and neat package. As in earlier emigrations from England to e east coast of e United States, a few of e passengers left e main group upon eir arrival and made eir own way to Utah. Some had funding and could afford better accommodations an what was offered by Church agents. Oers had family and friends on e coast and would travel west later. However, most of e Caroline passengers stayed togeer on eir long journey to e Missouri River. At is point ey were assigned to wagons for eir ousand mile trek west. The Church had twenty years of experience in moving emigrants across e plains. By 1860 Brigham Young had found it more economical to send teamsters east from Utah wi goods to sell at e Missouri River, and en return west to Salt Lake wi emigrants, raer an have e emigrants travel wi hastily-built handcarts or in wagon trains arranged at e Missouri. The teamsters left Utah in e spring and traveled at eir own pace. The drivers were often experienced men, but sometimes ey were teenage boys capable of driving a team long distances. William and Charlotte Driver left e Wyoming outpost on e 12 of July, 1866, and wi oer passengers from e Caroline, traveled in e John Holladay Company. They walked 1100 miles to Salt Lake City, arriving on e 27 of September. All ree of eir surviving children celebrated birdays on e plains, wi baby Mary Ann Elizabe turning 1, Ellen turning 4 and George turning 7 before ey reached Salt Lake City. They met at Nebraska City on e Missouri River and sold whatever goods ey were carrying, which were en carried by steam boat to eastern destinations. Many of e teamsters left Utah wi food and supplies which ey cached along eir route to use upon eir return journey.

19 Five years earlier e west coast had been connected by telegraph to e east, wi a line going rough Salt Lake City. Disrupted by e Civil War, Brigham Young had not been able to obtain e necessary supplies, such as wire, keys, sounders and relays, in order to link e rest of e state. Arrangements to receive e long-awaited supplies had finally been made. As e various teamsters arrived at Nebraska City on e Missouri River, fifty miles sou of Omaha, ey telegraphed word to President Young of eir arrival. This news, and e news of e wagon trains and eir progress west, was published in e weekly Deseret News. As a result, waiting family members and friends in Utah knew whom ey could expect, and when ey would arrive. Some family members were among ose sending wagons east to Nebraska to meet eir relatives, which was a welcome sight for all involved. The emigrants from e Carolina were organized wi passengers from oer ships who had sailed at year, and also wi some who had sailed e previous year. Between July 6 and August 4 of 1866, ten wagon companies headed west from e Wyoming outfitting post at e Missouri River, a few miles nor of Nebraska City. Three and a half ousand emigrants in six hundred 65 wagons began e last leg of eir seven and a half ousand mile journey. William wrote at is last part of e journey cost him $ Horton Haight s wagon train carried five hundred miles of wire weighing 150,000 pounds to complete Utah s telegraph project. A few emigrant families were wi his train of sixty-five wagons. The various wagon trains at summer all worked in cooperation wi each oer, herding along sick or stray cattle left behind by earlier trains, helping wi broken wagons or ailing passengers. In is manner, e worn and tired emigrants were able to reach eir new home in e Great Basin. Telegrams wi updates of e progress of e various companies continued to be sent to President Young. Frequently one message would include what at particular captain knew of e oer trains. As a result, Brigham Young had a good idea of e conditions of all e pioneer companies. Many of e Caroline s passengers left e outfitting post on e twelf of July, in e ird company to depart, which was headed by William Henry Chipman. William Driver s family, and about a hundred of e Caroline s passengers, left e next week in e John Holladay Company. This train traveled west in sixty-nine wagons which had traveled east from Utah to meet em, and alough ere were ree hundred and fifty emigrants, it was not one of e larger companies. That distinction fell to e next ree companies, wi between four and five hundred emigrants each. John Holladay was a pioneer even in his you. His grandfaer and great-grandfaer fought in e Revolution. His faer joined e LDS Church in 1844 and was one of e men who 66 accompanied John Brown and oer LDS converts west from Alabama in Their intention was to meet Brigham Young in e Great Basin, but President Young was delayed in Winter Quarters at year and asked e Brown Company to postpone eir trip west. As a result, e Brown company stayed in Pueblo, Colorado, wi several sick detachments from e Mormon Battalion. Alough John Holladay s faer joined President Young in e Salt Lake Valley in e summer of 1847, John did not enter e Valley until e following year. John married in 1848 and

20 joined his faer and Apostle Amasa Lyman in e San Bernardino settlement in souern California. They returned to Utah in 1857 amidst preparations for e Utah War. By 1866, Captain Holladay was an experienced and capable leader. He left e Salt Lake Valley in May, traveling wi oer teamsters. They had been unable to leave as early as ey desired, but when ey began traveling rough Wyoming, ey realized late snows would have made an earlier passage impossible. Captain Holladay headed west back to Utah from e Missouri River on e 19 of July. The first day ey only traveled a mile before camping. Sixteen-year-old British convert Charles Denney wrote at Captain Holladay, held a meeting, instructing e Saints in regard to eir duties, e 67 dangers of e people in leaving e main camp. [He gave] good, kind, faerly advice. The company had evening prayers every night along e trail. Some of e wagons in eir company carried supplies which Brigham Young had ordered. For example, one wagon carried coal oil to light e tabernacle and e eater in Salt Lake City. Captain Holladay divided his company into two ox trains. William, Charlotte and eir children were in e second. After only ree days of travel, a British convert died. Broer Denney described her coffin, built from rough wood. Her body was placed inside wiout any lining and she was buried in e side of a hill while e company stopped for lunch. He described e solitary graves e company passed as ey trudged along, some wi bits of wood showing from e ground. In oer places, where bodies had been buried wiout coffins, he described e holes wolves had dug. Broer Denney wrote at e company saw great herds of buffalo, deer and oer wild animals at inhabit is Great American desert. Some of our teamsters would take eir rifle in hand and perhaps be fortunate enough to kill one...oers would shoot a rabbit or two. Concerning food, Broer Denny wrote, The principle food at I got was flour and bacon, one pound of flour per day was all I was allowed, and about 1 pound of bacon per week. The flour I used to make into dumplings and e bacon I used to fry, on one occasion I had a treat [wi] a couple of rabbits heads, which I cleaned and boiled, and ought I had a feast. As we journeyed up e Platte river I used to go a fishing and would cook what I caught for supper. On occasion e company traveled at night to avoid e heat, and in one instance ey walked all night long in e rain because ere was no shelter available. Broer Denney ought at particular night would never end. Also in e second ox company wi e Drivers and Charles Denney was Alfred Lambourne, a young artist traveling wi his large family. Alfred kept a sketch book and wrote eloquently of his experiences. They encountered frontiersmen, one of whom kindly offered wi e help of his Bowie knife to cut off my youful ears. They were warned of dangers posed by e Native Americans, wi tribes led by eir chiefs, Mad Wolf, Spotted Eagle, Two Axe and Rain in e Face. Alfred described eir route, which took em along e Platte River in Nebraska. Dearly we learned to love e Platte....The days grew into weeks. The weeks became a mon, and still e cattle, freed from e yoke, hastened to slake eir irst at e well-loved stream... One day as I baed in e Platte, Spotted Tail, e famous Sioux chieftain, and his band of braves passed along e banks of e river. Open-moued I stared at e wild cavalcade, and while wading

21 ashore, I struck my foot against as it proved to be upon examination a great stone battle axe. Perhaps it once belonged at some remote period of time, to anoer great chief in at famed and haughty warrior's ancestry. Alfred described a disturbing sensation...of how often e eyes of savage Indians might be fixed upon us. And e wild animals, too. From a distance ey watched. Herds of buffalo, perhaps, or of deer, looked upon our moving trains from e plateau tops. Beyond e flaming yellow sunflowers, amid e bright red of e rocky hills, e Sioux was often concealed. His face was painted of e same gaudy colors, and he looked wi blood lust upon us. While Charles Denny had only mentioned e night ey walked in e rain, Alfred gave more details. The night drives were among e most trying experiences upon e overland journey. Usually ey were made necessary from e drying up of some spring or stream where we had expected to make evening camp, and e consequent lack of water for e people as well as e cattle, so at we must move forward. Our worst drive of is kind was to reach e La Prelle River after leaving Fort Laramie. There was a terrible storm. Wildly e lightning glared, e lurid tongues licked e ground beside us. The ground was deluged in e downpour of rain; and what wi e sudden flashes of light, e crashing of under, e poor cattle were quite panic stricken. It was hard work to make e poor brutes face e storm. Yet, after all, eir sagacity was greater an ours. Several times we would have driven em over e face of a precipice had not eir keener senses warned em back. We would have shuddered, so we afterwards learned, had we seen where e tracks of our wagons wheels were made at night. The week after Mary Ann s first birday on August 28, e company reached Horse Shoe, irty miles west of Fort Laramie. Captain Holladay telegraphed President Young, saying, I arrived here wi my train of 69 wagons at 6 p.m. The heal of e camp generally good. Stock in good condition. NO Indians seen by us. I am making good time. This clay and volcanic ash pillar called Chimney Rock was a notable landmark along e Platte River for Oregon and Mormon pioneers. The next week Captain Holladay sent ese words from e Sweetwater River, My train passed here is morning, all well. No Indians to boer [us]. The road good. I will be in e city on 24 or 25 of Sept. Many pioneers mentioned seeing e landmark Chimney Rock in Nebraska, which was considered to be e half-way point of eir wagon trek. Alfred sketched e natural feature and wrote, One evening several members of our party tried to walk from our nearest camp to e terraced slopes of e Chimney's base, but e distance proved too great. That was one lesson in e deceptiveness of space in at rarified atmosphere e distance to hills and mountains. David Jones, chosen to be e secretary for e camp commissary, wrote at rough a

22 Priesood blessing he gave, a young woman was brought back from e brink of dea and lived to raise a large family. Broer Lambourne described e joy as e company crossed e Sou Pass at e Continental Divide and began eir descent into e West. This pass was discovered in 1824 by frontiersmen who made eir way into Utah. Joyfully, we burst into song, he wrote, adding at e pass seemed to say, You are near e place of rest. They had traveled about eight hundred miles at is point, wi not quite ree hundred miles left on eir journey. He also mentioned evening 68 dances as ey passed significant milestones, such as reaching Independence Rock or Devil s Gate. O it was, indeed, a time of gaiety when e evening meal was over and e call of e clarinet assembled all in e open circle! Men and women, e young and e old ones, too, danced e hours away. Who would have ought at ey had passed e time us at e end of a hard's day's journey? Forgotten were e fatigues at were past. Alough it is hard to imagine today, several in e Holladay company mentioned nightly dances. Thomas H. White was a nineteen-year-old teamster who left his home in Utah wi ree borrowed ox teams to transport emigrants from e Missouri River outpost. He brought back his grandparents, an aunt and a cousin. He wrote, In 1866 I was called to go back to e Missouri River to help bring in e emigrants. This was quite an undertaking for a boy of nineteen. We started about e last of March wi ox teams. Being blessed wi heal and streng, I did all e black-smiing, repairing, and shoeing cattle etc. on e journey at noon and evenings, my meals were eaten while driving e oxen or after work in e evenings. They had singing and dancing nearly every night. During much of e overland trip, William suffered wi illness. Charlotte lovingly cared for him. In addition she washed e cloing of oer travelers in exchange for extra food and assistance, straining her own heal. By e time e company reached Fort Bridger, Charlotte feared William might die. She traded a piece of her jewelry at e post for a can of oyster stew, which 69 she en prepared for William. Thirty miles farer on e trail, at Hardy Station (now Evanston), Charlotte collapsed wi fatigue and exhaustion. However, bo William and 70 Charlotte were able to recover. Sadly, eight of e company died en route, including two Swiss converts from e Caroline. Charlotte assisted wi at least one of ese burials. 71 Broer Lambourne wrote at as ey arrived in Utah, e company camped in aptly named Echo Canyon. Who...will forget e shouting, e cracking of whips, e wild halloas, at resounded along e line, or e echoes, all confused by e multitude of sounds, and passing rough each oer like e concentric rings on a still point... flying from cliff to cliff and away up in e shaggy ravines and seeming to come back at last from e sky? He also recalled e happiness ey shared as ey first saw e Salt Lake Valley, e haven of rest. Not one in our company of hundreds but felt eir hearts swell wi joy as e sight of fields and orchards, in which hung ripened fruit, burst upon eir eyes. Danger and fatigues were all forgotten. The stubborn, interminable miles were conquered; e journey was at an end. Broer Denney wrote, I shall never forget my feelings as I looked upon e city of Salt Lake from e bench at e mou of 72 Parleys Canyon, it seemed so beautiful to me.

23 Charles Savage s 1867 photo of Salt Lake City from e nor, looking sou down Main Street. William and Charlotte Driver entered e Salt Lake Valley in 1866 from Emigration Canyon on e east. The Driver Family Arrives in Salt Lake City The second ox train in e Holladay company arrived in Salt Lake City on e 27 of September. By is time, William and his family had been traveling for almost five mons. William had not written in his journal since arriving in Nebraska, but on is day he wrote, We were pleased to behold e city after a long and perilous journey of seven ousand miles across e ocean rough e states, over e plains, across rivers and lofty mountains, we looking like walking lumps of dust, our train passed rough e city to e president's yard, by which he meant Emigration Square, in e center of Salt Lake City. William s last note in his journal was, My wife s cousin 73 Eliza hired a wagon and had our luggage conveyed to her house in e Nin Ward, Great Salt Lake City. Thankful to get a rest!!! This beloved cousin, Eliza Singleton, was a few years older an Charlotte and had been born in Dover, where Charlotte s faer was from. In 1841, Eliza s widowed moer Mary Ann married Charlotte s uncle, Thomas Jones Boulter, twenty years her junior, and in 1849 Mary Ann and Eliza joined e LDS Church. (Thomas and Charles Boulter never joined e Church.) Eliza married Richard Middleton, had a son, and ey emigrated to Utah in Shortly afterward she divorced Richard and entered into a polygamous marriage wi Daniel Greenig, a German convert. She had four children wi him, but by e late 1860s ey had divorced and she was a single moer when she took in Charlotte and her family. In 1874 Eliza married Matew McKelly and had a daughter. Eliza and Charlotte remained close associates rough e years, and kn 1908 e widowed Eliza attended e fiftie wedding anniversary celebration of William and Charlotte. She died in Salt Lake City in Some of e later companies arriving in Salt Lake City at year encountered snow in e Rocky 75 Mountains. President Young sent Azra Hinckley wi eighty wagons and supplies from Salt Lake City to meet ese trains and get em into e valley. William and Charlotte Driver were re-baptized in November, a common practice at e time, wi about irty oer new arrivals. They appear on Nin Ward records where ey lived for a short

24 time. This ward was organized in 1849 and an adobe chapel was built on Fif East in The floor was pine, and wooden benches lined bo sides of a center aisle where a wood stove provided heat. In e winter e members enjoyed skating on an ice pond created from e hole left by making e adobe bricks for e chapel. The building was used for many purposes, including a school, an amusement hall and even a voting place. As a result, records and books were placed in a tin box, built by one of e ward s tinsmis, and stored in a member s home during e week. The chapel was often used for dances, wi e benches moved against e wall. Knots from e pine floor annoyed e dancers, and at one point e young people cleaned e building and persuaded a carpenter in e ward to plane off e knots. By e time e Drivers 76 had arrived, e building had been enlarged and a drama club was organized. The Nin Ward had many residents who were hard-working and well-to-do, including John Bernhisel, a close associate of Joseph Smi and Brigham and who later became a territorial legislator. A renowned literary institute was wiin e ward s boundaries. Over e years is ward sent many teamsters 77 back to e Missouri River to retrieve emigrants. Having spent much of his life in a highly advanced society, William observed at Utah had, No railroads, no manufacturers, no machine shops, no illumination by gas or electricity. However, William had vision, and he began to work to do his part to improve e state. William was able to work as a laborer for e Western Union Telegraph Company building lines all over e state, 78 from Franklin, Idaho to St. George, using wire at crossed e plains wi him. One day he fell from a twenty-five-foot pole, but he landed on his feet and was miraculously uninjured. Anoer time, while working on a line to Cove Fort two hundred miles sou of Salt Lake City, he received a telegram stating at Charlotte was dying. However, before he returned home, she was aided by friends and recovered. Charlotte struggled during ese first few years in Salt Lake City. Often times necessities were hard to come by. Charlotte later told a granddaughter at she went to e newly opened ZCMI for a pair of shoes, and e best fit ey could give her were two shoes of different sizes. The Endowment House, located where e Nor Visitor s Center is today, was dedicated in 1855 and used for marriages and endowments until 1884, when e Logan Temple was completed. William and Charlotte Driver were sealed here in 1868, as was eir daughter Ellen when she married John J. Reeve, in She took em anyway and was ankful for em. 79 During William s efforts to find gainful work to sustain his family, Charlotte continued to live wi her ree children in Salt Lake City. Possibly she lived wi her close friend Eliza Greenig and ey helped each oer out. The summer after eir arrival, Charlotte gave bir to a boy whom she named after her faer. However, e baby only lived six mons. Eight weeks after e baby s dea, in March of 1868, William and Charlotte were sealed togeer 80 in e Endowment House by Daniel H. Wells, a counselor to President Young. The ordinance

25 was witnessed by Apostle Wilford Woodruff and hymn writer William W. Phelps, as were most of 81 e oer irteen sealings at day. Eight mons later, a baby girl named after Charlotte was born. This daughter lived to adulood. In late 1868 William began work as a teamster. He was assigned by his ward to drive a wagon to 82 e Missouri to bring back emigrants from e plains. That fall he worked wi a team which graded e track bed for e Union Pacific Railroad in Mountain Green, near Cove Fort. While working in Utah County, camp supplies failed. William walked irty-eight miles back to Salt Lake City to obtain more supplies and returned to e camp wi a team. He also hauled rock until e end of e year, which was very difficult physical labor. After living in e Nin Ward since eir arrival in e Salt Lake Valley, William and Charlotte moved to a small home 83 in e Avenues at 280 J Street. William S. Godbe, a very successful British immigrant, hired William Driver to work in his Salt Lake City drug store, which he advertised in e 1868 Salt Lake City Directory. In 1869, Mr. Godbe transferred William to his Ogden store, where William became e manager. Wi e recommendation of his employer, William obtained work e following year in a drugstore owned by William S. Godbe. William Godbe was a well-known British convert and an extremely successful businessman in Utah, wi a net wor over $300,000. His enterprise began in 1854, when he brought twenty-two wagons filled wi merchandise to Utah. However, by e 1860s, Mr. Godbe had become openly critical of President Young, who he felt had too much control over secular matters in Utah. Mr. Godbe was excommunicated from e Mormon Church in 1869, about e time William began working for 84 him in his Salt Lake store as a clerk and cashier. Women s Suffrage and Influence from e East William Godbe had many followers, mostly British converts like himself. In his attempt to free Mormons from what he perceived as strict control from Brigham Young, he published Utah Magazine, a pulpit from which he advocated reforms for e LDS Church and which evolved into The Salt Lake Tribune, an anti-mormon publication. He believed at if women in Utah could vote, ey would do away wi polygamy emselves. Eastern advocates against polygamy grasped is concept. President Young, believing at e women of e Church sustained him, brought is issue before e Territorial Legislature and ey passed e measure on February 10, Suddenly, wiout any effort on eir part, e women of Utah became e first in e 85 nation to receive e right to vote. The Gentiles, (e moniker which e LDS used to refer to non-mormons,) grew in population in Utah. In 1870 ey organized e political Liberal Party, so-called after British Liberals who strove for reform. Conversely, e LDS members organized e People s Party, and at year, wi LDS women being able to participate in elections, many Mormon candidates, running opposed for e first time, were elected to office. Charlotte and William, not yet being naturalized

26 citizens, likely did not vote in is election. The Drivers Move to Ogden in 1869 In December of 1869, William moved his family to Ogden where he was sent to work in a branch of Mr. Godbe s drug store. Joining e business as manager was Octave Ursenbach, a Swiss convert who had emigrated ten years before William. Octave unexpectedly died in 1871 and William was promoted to Octave s position. During e next seven mons e store made a net profit of five ousand dollars. At e end of 1871, Mr. Godbe sold e store to Ogden businessman David H. Peery and offered William a position back in his Salt Lake City store, but 86 William declined, preferring to stay in Ogden where he had already bought downtown property. Wi e completion of e Transcontinental Railroad in 1869, Ogden had become a major junction of train lines connecting to e rest of e nation, including bo eastern and western ports. While is facilitated e transportation of missionaries, it also aided commerce. Upon moving to Ogden, William acquired a large white dog named Dick which e family 87 adored. William and Charlotte became naturalized Americans at year, renouncing eir beloved British citizenship in favor of eir new home. During eir first two years in Ogden, Charlotte gave bir to ree daughters, but none of ese babies lived longer an a few mons. 89 These daughters were each given a name and blessing during eir short lives. History of Ogden Area The actual settlement of Ogden began in 1844 when Miles Goodyear, a red-headed trader, built a fort in e beautiful valley for his family just east of e Great Salt Lake and forty miles nor of 90 what would in a few years become The Great Salt Lake City. Benches on e fooills above Ogden are reminders of e ancient Lake Bonneville, which covered most of Utah during e Pleistocene era, and of which The Great Salt Lake is e largest remnant. Hot springs at e mou of Ogden Canyon attracted several tribes of Native Americans over e centuries. In 1824, trappers and explorers, scouting what is now e border of Utah and Idaho, debated where Bear Lake s outlet drained. Young Jim Bridger floated e meandering course of e river from e lake to Bear River Bay on e mou of e Great Salt Lake and tasting salt water, believed he was at e Pacific Ocean. Alough incorrect, he was e first trapper to describe e massive 91 body of water. Fur trappers, including Peter Ogden wi e Hudson Bay Company, camped in e area during e winter of This virgin territory proved extremely abundant in natural resources, and trappers converged on e area in eir quest for beaver fur, a highly profitable and fashionable skin. In 1826 e explorer Jedediah Smi traveled rough Utah and completed e first known overland journey to California. 92 By 1840, fashion dictated at men s hats be made from silk raer an beaver, a trend at prevented e extermination of western beavers. A trapper from Idaho s Fort Hall, Osborne Russell, wrote about Christmas Day of 1840, which he spent in Ogden Valley. He cooked a Christmas dinner for e local natives, several of whom were descended from French-Canadian 88

27 trappers, as was he. These natives were friendly and considered Mr. Russell, wi white skin like eir faers, to be kin. Mr. Russell described e hot springs, steep mountains, flowing rivers, elk, rich soil and timber. Inside a large native lodge, e group sat on clean apishamores, an old word describing saddle blankets made from bison hides. Mr. Russell and his fellow traders prepared large kettles of stewed elk and venison. He made a pudding from dried fruit and provided coffee for e gaering. They used large pieces of tree bark for plates. Mr. Russell, fluent in e languages e natives spoke, described eir dinner conversation, which consisted mainly of speculation on who were e most influential leaders among e tribes in e west. After smoking e proverbial tobacco pipes, ey spent e remainder of e day target shooting. 93 In 1841 e first emigrant trains followed Jedediah Smi s route along e nor shore of e Great Salt Lake to California. In 1843, e renowned explorer John C. Fremont camped along e Weber River, which flows out of e Uinta Mountain range rough e Ogden Valley and into e Great Salt Lake. Captain Fremont, using e latest technology, floated down is river in a rubber boat he and his men carried wi em from e States. They rowed across e Great Salt Lake bailing water as fast as ey could. His expedition headed nor to Fort Hall and en souwest to California. The following year ey returned by a different route, heading east at Utah Lake. Upon his return to e United States, Fremont quickly published e account of his western journeys, which Brigham Young studied. Miles Goodyear, a native of Connecticut, had left Fort Leavenwor in 1836, at at time e most western U.S. settlement. He traveled wi a party heading to Oregon. Upon reaching Fort Hall, he chose to remain at e two-year-old outpost. He married a daughter of a Ute chief and by 1844 ey were living in a cabin he had built near e Weber River. This began e uninterrupted settlement of e Ogden Valley. Mr. Goodyear built a log stockade around his cabin and gave his outpost e name of Fort Buenaventura, named after a myical river many believed flowed into e Pacific Ocean from e Wasatch mountains. Occasional westbound emigrant trains passed near Goodyear s fort on eir way to Mexican-controlled California. 94 Mr. Goodyear traded his skins in e Yellowstone area, but in 1846 he traveled to California to trade skins to Captain Fremont s company in exchange for horses. At at time, Captain Fremont and his men were involved wi e war against Mexico. On his circuitous return in early July of 1847, Mr. Goodyear met up wi scout Porter Rockwell who rode in advance of Brigham Young s vanguard company. Mr. Goodyear, recognizing an opportunity, offered to sell his settlement to e Mormons. Mr. Rockwell followed Miles to his fort but quickly realized e canyons leading west into e Ogden valley would be impassable by wagon trains. As a result, e Mormon company entered e Salt Lake Valley via Emigration Canyon, settling ere. 95 However, in August, President Young sent scouts nor to visit Mr. Goodyear. Since Jim Bridger had declared wi certainty at no corn could grow in e Great Basin, e scouts were excited to see Miles garden filled wi beans and nearly ripe corn. Before President Young departed east to spend e winter in Iowa wi e main body of e saints, he requested at terms be reached wi Mr. Goodyear in purchasing his property. Miles asked for two ousand dollars in cash. Shortly afterward, Captain John Brown arrived in e Salt Lake Valley from California wi ree ousand dollars in back pay for e Mormon Battalion. The Salt Lake High Council reached a

28 settlement wi Mr. Goodyear, at in exchange for his land, improvements, one hundred and sixty-two head of cattle, goats and sheep, six horses and one cat, he would receive one ousand nine hundred and fifty dollars in Spanish gold coins. Two trappers and a Mexican boy remained wi e property and were helpful wi 96 black-smiing and plowing. Mr. Goodyear promptly relocated to California, where he died wiin two years. By January of 1848, several Mormon families had settled on e Goodyear property. The leader of The cabin which Miles Goodyear built in 1844 for his Ute wife and two children in Ogden Valley. It still stands as e oldest man-made structure in Utah. is settlement was Captain John Brown of e Battalion, who, as a faiful Latter-day Saint, later married irteen plural wives. Most of e families who joined him had crossed e plains wi e Arkansas converts and had wintered in Pueblo wi e sick detachments from e Mormon Battalion. Dairy products from Mr. Goodyear s settlement helped sustain e pioneers in e 97 Ogden and Salt Lake valleys rough several harsh winters. Wiin a few years ey had named e area after e early trapper Peter Ogden. In 1849 news of e gold discovery in California spurred ousands of miners to travel rough Utah. They entered Salt Lake rough Emigration Canyon in order to restock on supplies. They en headed nor before turning west for California. Hasting s Cutoff, a route sou of The 98 Great Salt Lake, would have taken em rough e western desert, but it was fraught wi difficulties and danger, and most preferred e longer, norern route rough Fort Hall. Mormon settlers in e Ogden Valley traded produce to e California emigrants in exchange for goods manufactured in e east. Captain Brown built several toll bridges across e rivers in e valley as a means of making money from e California emigrants. 99 That same year President Young toured e Ogden area. He brought a brass band and enjoyed several evenings of dancing wi e settlers. One dinner included goat meat, pork, potatoes, 100 watermelon and bread. Because of flooding from e Weber River, he recommended e settlement be moved farer sou. Ezra Chase, an early settler, boasted to President Young at e land not only produced a lot of grain, but would yield, a hundred bushels of crickets to e acre and fifty bushels of mosquitoes. 101 Early in 1850 Captain Brown was named bishop of e First Ward, and e next year twenty-nineyear-old Lorin Farr was sent to Ogden to organize a small branch. Broer Farr, who had lived in Kirtland, Missouri and Nauvoo, had also served as a missionary in e eastern states. He was instrumental in building e first grist mill in e area shortly after his arrival. Local limestone was too soft to mill e grain, and e granite used to build e Salt Lake Temple was so hard it scorched e wheat. As a result, French mill stones were purchased in Missouri and brought to 102 Utah by wagon. That year President Young, as provisional governor of e Utah Territory, created counties, e first being Weber. Ogden was named as e county seat, e earliest 103 recorded use of e city s name. By 1851 e local congregations, comprising over a ousand

29 people, were organized into e Weber Stake, wi Lorin Farr being set apart as e stake president. Early in e summer he was elected mayor and a few mons later he took a second wife, ultimately marrying six women. The early 1850s brought numerous problems wi e Shoshone tribe. Tired of having eir cattle stolen and killed, e pioneers, wi great effort, forcibly removed all e guns and rifles from e natives. After doing eir best to integrate e natives into eir community, ey fed and educated em and provided work so ey could earn eir food all winter. The Shoshones felt 104 humiliated, but after awhile everyone seemed to get along, wi e pioneers attending a local school taught by Captain Brown to learn e Shoshone language in order to communicate better. 105 During 1854, Apostle Wilford Woodruff visited Ogden and reported back to President Young at Captain James Brown had built a store, at an adobe wall around e city was planned (most of e towns in Utah at at time were building adobe walls), and at Ogden had two schools and many fine homes. He told President Young at e residents had recently harvested ten ousand bushes of wheat. He also commented on e Shoshones who were being fed and cloed by e pioneers and lived wiin e city proper. 106 By 1857 e Ogden residents began to prepare for e coming Utah War. The men drilled on e grounds of e unfinished Ogden tabernacle. That winter ey pooled resources to support e guerilla army in Echo Canyon defending e territory against approaching U. S. troops. The next 107 spring ey filled eir homes wi straw which could be set afire if necessary. The residents buried many of eir possessions and loaded what was left onto wagons for e long trek to e Provo river bottoms to wait out e attack. After ree mons of living in Utah County, Lorin Farr discussed e inadequate living facilities wi President Young, who had reached a settlement wi e newly appointed state governor. Ogden residents were among e first to return to eir norern homes. Upon eir arrival, ey found at e crops ey had planted before eir departure had grown extremely well. 108 Commerce outside of farming and bartering began to develop in e early 1850s, alough at a slow rate. Jonaan Browning, e famous gunsmi, settled in Ogden in 1852, but until his son Moses grew to adulood, his work was limited to repairs, not manufacturing. Lorin Farr and oers invested sixty ousand dollars to construct a woolen mill at e mou of Ogden Canyon. Mining companies in Idaho and Montana bought heavily from is mill, which manufactured 109 denim jeans in addition to blankets and oer domestic goods. Recent convert David H. Peery had owned a successful business in Virginia which was lost during e Civil War. He subsequently joined e LDS Church and settled in Utah before moving to Ogden in He began his career again by teaching school, but he soon moved from at to working as a clerk in a store. Wiin a year he had collected debts owned him in Virginia and was able to buy e store and invest in oer enterprises. The completion of e railroad in 1869, wi e hub being in Ogden raer an in Salt Lake City, was an enormous boon to e community. (The Gentiles had actually pushed for e junction to be in Corinne, twenty-five miles nor of Ogden, but President Young used considerable resources to secure e Ogden location once he realized it could not be 110 in Salt Lake City.) The round-trip fare between Ogden and Salt Lake City was four dollars. In

30 1871 Broer Peery had become a very successful businessman and was able to buy Mr. Godbe s Ogden drug store. In e following decade he served a ree-year term as city mayor. By 1870, e Utah Central Rail Line was completed between Salt Lake City and Ogden. Oer lines were constructed to points furer sou and nor in Utah, and Ogden became a town of commerce, suddenly filled wi Gentiles who President Young feared would distract e faiful. Apostle Franklin D. Richards was sent to live in Ogden to oversea Church operations. (This was not unusual. Apostle Charles C. Rich lived in Bear Lake County in Idaho for e same purpose, and Apostle Moses Thatcher lived in Logan.) The two political parties were divided by religion. Criminal complaints could no longer be handled by e bishop s court, as half e city s ree ousand residents were not LDS, so a civil court was established. 111 About 1872, William formed a partnership wi two Ogden businessmen, one of whom loaned him a ousand dollars and e oer who invested a ousand dollars, which allowed William to 112 open his own drug store. In 1873, William and Charlotte had eir eleven child, a boy named Willard Boulter. They now had five living children, e oldest, George, being irteen. In 1874, irty-six-year-old William bought out his partners and e next year completed construction of e first ree story building in e center of Ogden on e property he had 113 purchased two years previously. The main floor functioned as a drug store, which William named, The City William opened his own drug store in 1872 in partnership wi two Drug Store. William stocked many Ogden businessmen. In 1874 he bought out his partners. This ad goods on his shelves, including was published in e 1874 Salt Lake City Directory which included perfume, tobacco, paint, shaving kits, Ogden businesses. gifts, food, and alcohol, which was often used for medicinal purposes. The second floor was designed as a ball room. For six mons, William rented e ird floor to 114 e First Congregational Church, which had ten members. By 1875, however, he had rented 115 e space to e Masons who were proud of eir new home. Iron columns, manufactured at a foundry in Salt Lake City, supported e front of e building. As a successful businessman, it is possible William was approached by his bishop to take a plural wife. At some point Charlotte promised William at she would have as many children as she 116 could if he would not enter into is practice. In e next two years, Charlotte gave bir to a son, Frederick, who only lived six weeks, and a daughter, Clara, who died at bir. They had now buried eight children. By is time William had purchased a large burial plot in e Ogden City Cemetery where eir two daughters had been buried.

31 William Helps His Broers Jesse and John Emigrate to Utah In 1875, William s broer Jesse, age irty-five, and his wife Mary were still in England, but ey were anxious to emigrate to Utah and join wi e main body of LDS Church members. Jesse had worked at a variety of jobs in e 117 intervening years, and Mary had opened a school. Jesse and Mary had lost all four of eir 118 young children. William, who had encouraged Jesse to emigrate, helped wi some of his 119 expenses by wiring Jesse fifty-five dollars. William s youngest broer John also decided to emigrate to Utah at is time. Now age twentysix, he had become very interested in medicine and had some interest also in pharmaceutical 120 work. At e age of twenty he had married Elizabe Jacobs, and ey had two children: sixyear-old Henry, born a few mons after ey married, and two-year-old George. Neier John nor his wife had joined e Mormon Church. However, ey were willing to travel to New York wi Jesse and Mary on e Wyoming, a steamship carrying one hundred and eighty LDS converts divided into two wards, along wi about ree hundred oer This 1875 receipt for a $50 wire transfer was sent by William to his broer Jesse to help him immigrate. A second receipt shows an additional $5 was sent. passengers. Five returning European missionaries sailed wi em. The first Sunday aboard ship ey held church services in e ship s saloon, wi many commenting on e beauty of e voices in e choir. Hugh Gowans, e presiding elder, noted at quite a few non-lds passengers from steerage attended e meeting. The members held two concerts for e entire ship which were well attended. During eir trip ey marveled in seeing a large iceberg. John later noted at while e ocean voyage lasted only twelve days, it seemed like twelve years. They were processed wi oer immigrants at Castle Garden, being directed by e Church emigration agent, who put em on a train heading west. Certainly William and Charlotte met Jesse and John at e train depot and took em into eir home as ey helped eir families settle. William immediately hired Jesse into his store as a clerk. However, John and William did not agree on many ings, foremost of which was religion. John s biographer indicated at John believed his broer William was extremely wealy, and at by coming to America he would be 121 able to share in at. John also claimed at he did not know what a Mormon was until he got to Utah, and he refused to join e LDS Church. William s records are completely silent in is matter, but it is clear at John soon found himself on his own. He worked as a doctor even ough he had not received a medical education. Receiving only a practical experience in

32 England, he was not licensed. Two years after John and Jesse arrived, e St. George Temple was completed, e first temple in Utah. President Brigham Young died a few mons later. Upwards of twelve ousand persons crowded into e nine-year-old tabernacle for his funeral. Wilford Woodruff, Orson Hyde, George Q. Cannon and John Taylor spoke during e two hour proceeding. The body was laid to rest in a plain wood coffin, as President Young had requested four years earlier, and was buried in a family cemetery not far from his home. The Quorum of e Twelve Apostles, wi senior apostle John Taylor at its head, governed e LDS Church for e next ree years. John s son Henry chose to embrace e LDS Church, e only one in his family to do so. This appears to have strained eir relationship and young Henry left his parent s home and lived wi 122 his Uncle Jesse and Aunt Mary who were faiful LDS members. In e next few years Jesse 123 and Mary adopted a daughter named Mae, and when Henry was of age, he served a mission to e souern states. 124 Jesse returned to England for ree mons in Certainly he visited his two broers, Robert 125 and Charles, but e stated purpose was for business. It is probable he returned to America wi fine items to sell in William s store. William had been involved wi local politics for several years, and by 1878 was concluding his first term on e city council. He served as a director of Ogden s first bank, e Ogden Building and Savings Association. He also became a director of e Molecular Telephone Company, a rival to Bell Telephone. About 1879, William was instrumental in seeing at Ogden chose Molecular telephones as ey set up a city-wide telephone system for fire and police communication. 126 William Driver Serves a Mission in 1879 Charlotte and William lost an infant daughter in In April of 1879, when Charlotte was 37, she gave bir to her fifteen child, a son named Edwin. Two mons later, William was ordained a seventy by Joseph Young, President Young s older broer. Joseph Young, commonly referred to as Uncle Joseph, served as e senior president of e Seventy and had been a general auority for nearly fifty years, since e Church s beginnings. After William s ordination, he departed on a twelve-mon mission to England, leaving his business in e care of his son George, William Driver used is train ticket on his trip east to New York in 1879, kept it roughout his mission and preserved it in his scrapbook when he returned.

33 en nineteen, who had been working wi William for a 127 year. He traveled by train from Ogden to New York, where he boarded e steamship Arizona for England. Shortly after boarding e ship, baby Edwin died. Edwin was laid to rest next to two of his sisters. 128 The Arizona made good time to England, arriving at e Liverpool port in seven days, eight hours and fiftyseven minutes, a record held for many years. On an earlier voyage at year, e Arizona hit an iceberg, crunching e first twenty-five feet of her bow but oerwise not affecting her ability to sail. The ship line promoted is accident as a demonstration of her streng. She was known as a hot rod, a phrase later adapted to describe modified 1930 roadsters. Dea notice for baby Edwin Driver who died just a few days after William Driver left on a mission. William certainly would have visited his two broers, Charles, whose wife died young, leaving him wi a daughter, and George Robert, who wi his wife Elizabe had not been able 129 to have children. Perhaps William talked to em about Mormonism and e possibilities of em emigrating to e United States. William Driver traveled to England in 1879 on e Arizona to serve a one year mission. The Arizona was one of e fastest ships in her day. Toward e end of William s mission, Charlotte and seven-year-old Willard, e youngest of eir five surviving children, joined William in England, leaving e rest of e family in e capable care 130 of a British housekeeper. Charlotte Driver s Family in England Charlotte s moer, Mary Ann, and bo grandmoers, Sarah Turk Jarrett, and Elizabe Reeves Boulter, had only recently died, but it is easy to presume at Charlotte traveled to Hastings to visit her family. A train line between London and Hastings had been established more an irty years earlier. Her faer Charles H. Boulter still lived ere. He had remarried after his wife s 131 dea, and by 1880 he had two young children. His new wife was just one year older an Charlotte. In addition to her step-siblings, Charlotte had five living sisters. Her older sister Mary Ann lived in Redhill, fifty miles nor of Hastings, wi her husband and eight children. Three of Charlotte s

34 younger sisters still lived in Hastings. Elizabe, age irty-one, was married wi five young children. Sarah, age twenty-seven, was also married and had two children. Charlotte s youngest sister, Caerine, age twenty two, lived wi her husband George Robertson and two children about five miles west along e coast from Hastings, in Icklesham. George was a sailor whose faer manned e lighouse in nearby Rye Harbour. Alough Charlotte was seventeen years older an Caerine, she clearly had a good relationship wi her. Likely at is time Charlotte sowed e seeds at led to Caerine and George s immigration to Utah nine years later. 132 Hepsibah, age twenty-five, had married a German and was no longer in Hastings. Charlotte used is opportunity as she visited wi extended family members to gaer genealogy, which she preserved in her own family records once she returned home. 133 After touring France and Scotland, Charlotte and William sailed to New York in June of 1880 on e Wisconsin, which carried ree hundred English, Scotch, Welsh, Scandanavian, Swiss and German converts, in addition to several returning 134 missionaries. They took e train back to Ogden. Later at year John Taylor was sustained as President of e LDS Church. William and Charlotte Settle Back into Life in Ogden William Driver used is train ticket from Chicago to Council Bluffs as he returned from his mission in By 1880, Ogden s population was just over six ousand. William s broer John had been accepted by e community as a skilled physician. However, he often had to accept payment in produce, grain and hay. He treated bo e sick and e victims of accidents. One man, after a night of fellowship wi his associates, fell from his horse and hit his head on a rock, severely lacerating his scalp. Dr. Driver sewed up his injuries, saving his life. That year dipheria spread rough e area, wi many people dying. Dr. Driver s faiful labor wi his patients increased eir trust in him, and after at his practice was sufficient to sustain his family, which grew to nine children. John traveled on horseback to visit his patients in many areas of Norern Utah, fording rivers and climbing rocky trails. He claimed at on several occasions he arrived at his destination so cold at he had to be lifted off e horse and awed out before he could begin to treat e patient. In describing his practice, he said his best tools were his brains, his hands and his courage. His foes were, Mosquitoes like ducks, bedbugs by e bushel and flies by e millions. He enjoyed delivering babies but felt he had to teach basic sanitation practices to ose who helped him. He

35 once observed a midwife wash off a newborn and en proceed to knead dough in e same pan to make bread for e moer. He also commented at swearing came as easily to him as praying did to oers, but reportedly his kindness brought him tremendous respect. In 1881, Jesse left e employment of his broer William and opened his own drug store. His store changed locations several times over e years as he looked for better locations. Ogden was a booming town, and presumably ere was enough business for e two broers to have competing stores. History is silent as to wheer or not is was an amicable split. In May of 1881, Charlotte gave bir to her sixteen child, a healy daughter whom ey named Ida May. Surely ey were rilled when is child celebrated her first birday, living longer an her four immediately older siblings. However, in 1883, baby Zina was born, living only six weeks. She was e eleven and last child e Drivers would bury. By 1882 George had joined his faer in running e business. Ogden drug stores had a license to sell liquor. Toilet articles included shaving and oer personal items. In 1882, William s twenty-ree-year-old son George became a business partner instead of an employee and William changed his firm s name to Driver and Son. This name became wellknown in e Inter-Mountain West where ey opened successful stores in Logan, Brigham City 136 and Montpelier, Idaho. At is time roughout e United States, some medicines were controlled but could be purchased by signing e drugstore registry. Drugs such as morphine, opium and laudanum, which a pharmacist would use to mix wi oer ingredients to treat patients, could also be sold by e pound to customers. William Driver s scrapbook, saved by his granddaughter Charlotte Burton Young, contains articles and photos covering decades. William Driver s Scrapbook William Driver began saving articles for a 137 scrapbook in e mid-1880s. Now preserved in Brigham Young University s Special Collections, it contains mostly newspaper clippings and some souvenirs, such as train tickets. The scrapbook has over one hundred and fifty leaves wi clippings pasted to bo sides of e ick pages. The articles cover a span of about twenty-five years, alough later clippings were included, some after William s

36 dea. The articles demonstrate a wide interest in national and world affairs, family and friends, history and progress. Included are many photos of general auorities and local LDS Church leaders. There were several articles about Lorin Farr, to whom William was related by marriage. There are many dea and marriage notices of family members and friends. Numerous articles are about William s years on e William Driver saved is photograph of Norwold Chapel, six miles from his family s home in Feltwell. city council and e mons he spent as a delegate to e state constitutional convention in Some articles are about Native Americans, such as Chief Washakie. There are fun quotations and amusing tales. Articles about world events, American military leaders, and a criminal from e Boer War who was kept on a prison ship off e Sou African coast to prevent his escape, were also included. William followed British affairs and clipped an article about e 1897 dea of e Duchess of Teck, Queen Victoria s cousin and e moer of Mary, e wife of Edward, second in line to e rone. A tiny obituary of Lydia Russell, William s 138 cousin s wife, was also pasted into e scrapbook. William included a tattered photo of a parish chapel in Norwold, just a few miles from his ancestral home of Feltwell. Information from is scrapbook provided valuable information about William during e end of e 19 century and into e 20. Most of e information about William s life for is biography from e 1880s and 1890s came from is scrapbook. William became involved wi e development of Ogden s infrastructure and e grown of its business, and ese articles illustrate his desire to help move Ogden and its citizens forward. Polygamy Continues to be Persecuted Shoshone Chief Washakie, who lived to be over one hundred years old, was a friend to Brigham Young and joined e Mormon Church. Lorin Farr, mayor of Ogden for twenty years and stake president, was e faer of Mary Farr, e wife of George Driver, William s oldest son. In 1882, e United States Senate passed e Edmunds Act, making e practice of polygamy a felony. Polygamists suddenly were unable to vote or hold public office. President John Taylor recommended at, polygamous members in e county, court & city council... resign eir offices and have em filled by appointment while we have e appointing power in our own

37 William Driver s ree story building which housed his drug store, built in 1874, is barely shown on e far left of is photo of Washington Avenue, one of only two pictures I could find of e store. During e 1880s, William served on e Ogden City council as chairman of e streets and roads committee. Building e infrastructure of roads and communications required constant effort from e city faers. 139 hands. Six members of Ogden s city council resigned, including William Walton Burton, a prominent Ogden businessman married to ree sisters. William Again Elected to e City Council In November of 1882, e Liberals ran a strong campaign in Ogden, attempting to wrest control of e city government from e hands of e city leaders appointed by e Mormons. The council and mayor ran as a group, wi e People s Party winning a ree-year term under e leadership of Weber Stake President David H. Peery. William, on e ticket, was again elected to e city council. The council meetings began wi prayer, and William was often voice. He served on several committees, including e street and finance committees. These were not simple responsibilities. Ogden s streets were in fact dirt roads. Raising money to operate e city rough taxes and fees was still a new enterprise. William was not only willing and capable, but he was highly respected by oer city leaders. A newspaper article praised William s efforts in dealing wi needed improvements, Among one of e most desirable improvements in is city is e opening of more streets in e inhabited and inhabitable portions of e town. Especially is is e case wi e souern part of e city. As it now stands, Eigh street is e last souerly oroughfare officially recognized, where ere are residences for e distance of over ree blocks farer down. For a long time strenuous efforts have been made to have a Nin and Ten street, and also to have some of e sounor-going streets extended so as to complete e network of traffic connections. Petitions to is effect have been presented to e City council and referred to e Street Committee, which would look into e matter, ask for more time, report to e Council only to be instructed to look

38 Interior of an Ogden Drug Store in e late 19 century. Likely William Driver s store looked similar to is a welcoming place for discerning clientele. In addition to medicine, drug stores of at era sold all kinds of merchandise, including alcohol, tobacco, paint and often groceries. This photo shows a lunch counter, a concept which carried into e 1960s in e US. into e matter again, and so on, almost ad infinitum. But at last e committee named has reached a resolution. As appears from our report of last Friday s City council session, e committee recommended at e petition be granted, e streets be opened and us e accessibility of at part of town enlarged and improved, greatly enhancing e value of property and indirectly e weal of e corporation [of e city]. As Councilor Driver, who sturdily advocated e movement, remarked, Let us have Ogden a city as far as Herrick s farm, if you like. Make it a point for our sons to have places to settle and build up in our midst, instead of compelling em by our penuriousness to go hundreds of miles away from eir parental homes and e surroundings of eir childhood. 140 At e end of 1882, William and Charlotte s daughter Ellen married John James Reeve in e Endowment House, wi Joseph F. Smi, an apostle and counselor to President John Taylor, performing e ordinance. John was e son of British immigrants who settled in Ogden about e same time as e Drivers and worked as a brakeman for e railroad. It appears e families knew each oer well. John s faer spoke at e funeral for Ellen s baby sister Clara in William was a charter member and director of e Ogden Street Railroad, which began operating in Initially, mule teams pulled rail cars around Ogden s downtown and nearby residential 141 areas for a ten cent fare, but by 1889 e cars were powered by steam engines. Perhaps it was a conflict of interest for William to serve on a committee to improve e streets at his railroad would use, alough it appears at oers saw is as a way to accomplish e necessary improvements. William frequently reported on street conditions at council meetings. Tracks were laid in e streets so at rail cars carrying gravel could be easily accessed by workers paving e streets. At one meeting William reported at juveniles had discovered how to break e locks on e rail cars, and at night ey were riding e empty cars on e streets. During e first year of e new city council, ey voted to spend one hundred dollars for a Four of July celebration. During ese years, wi e ongoing persecution of e Mormons, e city council felt it was important to show eir patriotism, especially in e face of members of e Liberal Party, who accused e Mormons of being anti-government. William Driver favored is by saying at, any public celebration should be a credit to e city, portraying e loyalty of e people...there were troubles in e Territory, but...we are men enough to show to e world at we want to salute e Stars and Stripes and respect e Eagle wi e strong talons...we should show at we are not disposed to disrupt e government or to trample down e principles on

39 which it is founded. William s new son-in-law, John J. Reeve, was on e planning committee, which sponsored what e newspaper called, a genuine old-fashioned barbecue and a parade. Planning meetings for e events surrounding e celebration were held in e new Broom Hotel, which claimed to be e finest hotel between Omaha and San Francisco. During e festivities, William arranged for a competition between two departments of e Ogden fire company. The hook and ladder company was challenged to place a man on top of e Broom Hotel before e hose company could arrange eir lines to shoot water to e roof. The two groups began at e Broom hotel and raced up e block. The ladder company won e prize money, raising eir man to e hotel roof before e water could be turned on. However, as soon as e water filled e hose, e crew at e base aimed directly at e fireman and drenched him, bringing cheers from e crowd. 142 William supervised e grading of streets and e construction of intersections, bridges, and even drainage ditches and sewers. Ogden s inmates provided much of e work and e jail was compensated. In addition, over fifty men were employed by e city to build and maintain roads. The city provided about two ousand dollars a year for e relief of various paupers. Some were transients who simply got off e train in Ogden. Oers were residents down on eir luck. The city operated a pest house, as it was called, where ose ill wi contagious diseases were often confined. City funds paid a local doctor sixty dollars a mon for quarantine services. He not only cared for patients in e pest house, but he quarantined local residents if a family member came down wi cholera, tuberculosis, or anoer highly contagious disease. During one meeting, e doctor reported at quarantine flags were hanging at only two homes and at e general heal of e city was good. In a later meeting, he reported at he had discovered several cases of scarlet fever and had quarantined e homes, but he said his work was often very difficult, because e people tried to conceal e fact of e existence of e disease and objected to being 143 quarantined. Often children from quarantined homes were found attending school or running in e streets. In 1884, e Logan Temple was completed, fifty miles nor of Ogden. (The ird temple would be Manti, finished in 1888.) The Utah Norern Railway ran trains between Logan and Ogden. Water and Electricity Come To Ogden Electric Light Works Spillway, Og d en Canyon, Utah s first hydroelectric In 1884 William became a director of e newly organized plant, completed in William Driver was a director of e Weber and Davis County Canal Company which brought water to e cities.

40 Weber and Davis County Canal Company, which built sixteen miles of canals to bring water from e 144 mountains to city residents. The next year e city council approved e construction of water lines to bring a tap to e yards of individual homes. The charge for water was five dollars a year. Justification given for e water mains was not necessarily for culinary water. As most structures were wood, and all heat and cooking were accomplished by fire, safety was a stronger consideration. Water was often a topic at e council meetings. In just one example, a widow desiring to use her neighbor s tap asked for a waiver of e annual fee, which was granted. Electricity was anoer point of infrastructure which e city council addressed. By e early 1880s, work was underway to complete a hydroelectric plan in Ogden Canyon. However, local farmers complained at e water coming from e hydroelectric plant was not as beneficial to eir crops because its electricity had been removed. Noneeless, e Ogden City Council approved e installation of a one hundred foot tower at e intersection of Adams and 24 Street. Each of e tower s four arms had arc lights which e company stated would bae e entire town wi enough light at each evening citizens could sit on eir porches and read e newspaper. On a spring night, e entire town assembled. They listened to speeches and en to e town s brass band. When e switch was pulled, e lights flickered and en went out. The band continued to play and e 145 citizens walked home in e dark. William s Family Grows The bir announcement of William and Charlotte Driver s first grandchild. Mary Ann Elizabe cut her hair soon after her marriage. Her faer William Driver reatened to take Mary Ann back from her husband if he couldn t control her. Mary Ann Elizabe about 1885, perhaps an engagement photograph. The pleated dress wi a modest bustle was very fashionable at at time. In early 1885, William and Charlotte s first grandchild was born to eir daughter Ellen and her husband John J. Reeve. The next year, twentyyear-old Mary Ann Elizabe married Joseph Fielding Burton in e Logan Temple. Joseph was e oldest son of William Walton Burton, whose irtie child was born in Charlotte accompanied em on e train, but while she rode in e Pullman car, Mary Ann and Joseph rode on a flat car, 146 enjoying e ride.

41 The following week while e couple honeymooned, Charlotte remained in Logan to perform proxy temple ordinances for some of her ancestors, including her 147 moer and her grandmoer Boulter. In looking for clues as to William s devotion to e LDS Church, it appears at he did not attend is marriage, as Charlotte 148 was a witness to e marriage, not William. It is also telling at ere are no records indicating at he ever performed ordinances for his ancestors. In addition, is wedding would have been a good opportunity for William and Charlotte to have eir children born before 1868 sealed to em, but at did not happen during William and Charlotte s lifetimes. It appears at eir son George and eir daughters Ellen and Mary Ann Elizabe were all faiful members of e Church, and likely all ree were present at Mary Ann s marriage. It is possible at e stalwart missionary Charlotte married became extremely busy wi his business ventures in his desire to support his large family, and while ere is no record at he ever spoke against e Church, his zeal might have dimmed a bit. Joseph Fielding Burton, age 25, and Mary Ann Elizabe Driver, age 20, were married in e Logan Temple in An article describing William appeared a few mons after Mary Ann s marriage, and perhaps is gives an indication of how many in e community saw him. The News does not aspire to e eminence of being eier a rogues gallery or a panorama of prominent political personages. But it does, now and en, grapple e graphitic pen of descriptiveness to delineate leading local characters just as ey should be held up to e limited public gaze....today we have a more difficult task to perform. It is Councilor Wm. Driver whom we intend holding up to public gaze, not in a bad spirit nor wi any malice aforeought. Let it be said, right here and now, at ere is not in Ogden a more public-spirited citizen, a better friend to his friends, and a nobler gentleman among gentlemen an Wm. Driver. This is not taffy. The News does not deal in at saccharine, not even at five cents or two bits a line. But we do trust in e eventual efficiency of fair play. Wm Driver is e representative head and chief of e so-called Liberal Mormons. He is e leader of e businessmen in e Mormon fraternity of is county. His weal and bread of mind, his old allegiance to e church and his undisguised stick-to-it-ativeness of e belief of Joseph Smi, Jr., make him a model Mormon merchant in is part of e country. Still, he does not go e whole hog. There are ings he does not conform to. Polygamy does not pollute e doorsteps of his exceedingly pure and peaceful domicile. And many oer ings and tenets at involve e fai of e ignorant believers do not entangle his footsteps nor hamper his business success. He knows when and where to draw e line between religion and business his geographical discrimination has told him at e former is in e [Ogden] Tabernacle on Main Street, between Four and Fif streets, six days in e week. Gentiles are more eager and willing in according appreciation to Wm. Driver for his actions in e Council. Give him his dues. He does not, wi his knowledge and consent, allow any monkey business in e municipal legislation. He is e enfant terrible of e council. Whenever he gets up in at deliberating

42 body, e church representatives in e Council commence quickly to tremble. They are en afraid at, notwistanding his Endowment House oas, he might make a break and give e whole ing dead away. A much later newspaper article mentioned at, While Mr. Driver has never been particularly pronounced in his religious affiliations, yet he and his wife have been honest members of e dominant church, he having filled a creditable mission in England preaching 149 e gospel. In 1905, wi his political career behind him, William was ordained to e office of High Priest by his long-time friend Lorin Farr. This ordination indicates at William, while perhaps not zealous, was never far from e LDS Church. 150 The week after Joseph and Mary Ann Elizabe s marriage, Charlotte returned to Ogden wi e couple. A lavish wedding reception was held e evening of eir arrival at e Driver home. 151 An article in e Ogden Standard described it in detail. A supper was provided for all e guests and en Mary Ann, her sisters Charlotte and Ellen, and oers entertained e guests wi 152 vocal and instrumental numbers. The following year Ellen and John had a second baby, anoer boy. Infrastructure of Ogden Progresses By e mid-1880s, e city had begun lighting e downtown area. Light poles were raised in e center of e streets, not on e sides, and William Driver, chairman of e street committee, was questioned about is at a council meeting. He explained at e wires were ungrounded. The brush of a leaf against e wire in even a light wind would automatically cause a short and e flow of electricity would be stopped. Putting e poles in e streets was e solution e city faers had to choose until insulated wire William Driver was among ose in e People s Party elected to e City Council in 1882 and en again in 1885 in hotly contest races against e non-mormon party in e midst of anti-polygamy legislation. became available. The electric company charged e city eleven dollars a mon for electricity for e street lights. The council felt at is was far too high, and ey also agreed among emselves at e light provided was not bright enough to be beneficial. Reports of council meetings reflect considerable discussion about which streets merited light poles, and exchanges between e council and e light company were frequent. In 1886, e Ogden branch of e Molecular Telephone Company was sued by a creditor. William, always a proponent of is company, bought e assets of e company for irteen hundred dollars and e creditors were paid off. At at time Molecular, which had local franchises in several areas of e US and Canada, was involved wi a lawsuit challenging Alexander Graham Bell s patent. Oer companies were also involved in e suit. William

43 obviously felt at Molecular s patent was valid, and he was willing to invest $1,300 to keep e 153 local franchise operating. However, a few years later, e United States Supreme Court ruled in favor of Bell, and Molecular and e oer challengers to Bell shut down. William worked hard during his term in support of curfew legislation which required yous under age seventeen to be in eir homes at eight o clock each night. Yous found outside after is hour would spend e night under e care of e city marshal. Over twenty articles in William s scrapbook covered his efforts in pushing is bill, and when it finally passed in 1885, oer cities passed similar legislation, including Salt Lake City. Being a community wi many transients and mixed cultures, e Ogden City Council was concerned about safety. A night watchman patrolled e city and was paid $33 per mon. He worked out of a tower above e courouse, and one mon e city funded $15 to repair his stove. An article from e scrapbook listed e infractions wi which e police were involved during a four mon period. Arrests included eleven for battery, ninety-seven for vagrancy, two for riding a bike on a downtown sidewalk, seventeen for drunkenness, and ten for riding on e train wiout a ticket. One citation was given to a man for leaving his team unhitched and anoer was fined for driving his team above e speed limit in town. One man was arrested after escaping his chain gang. Items brought before e city council were quite varied. William Driver, in an attempt to raise funds to improve e city, spoke out in favor of a tax charged at e election polls. This was approved by e council. However, some residents felt ey were entitled to an exemption, such as e volunteer firemen, which was granted. One hundred and seventy residents brought a petition wi eir concerns about e opium traffic in Ogden which came in wi some of e Chinese who had worked on e railroad. Children were warned to stay away from e opium dens in town and apparently everyone was familiar wi e sickly smell coming from ese illegal establishments. Local policeman did eir best to keep is problem under control, but finally e city council asked for help from e general population to keep em apprised of violations. 154 Anoer issue e council dealt wi was e speed of e horses on e streets. The city marshal was given auority to enforce a speed ordinance. It was brought to e council s attention at prisoners in e city jail were able to escape rough e ceiling, and funds were auorized to cover e rafters wi sheet iron. In many meetings e council dealt wi e proper disposal of dead animals, and ey regulated pig pens wiin e city limits. Oer items of business included building stronger ououses near e railroad depots so ey couldn t be blown over by strong winds from e canyons. Persecution of Polygamists Affects William Driver Since 1882 e federal government had been actively prosecuting polygamists. Faers and husbands were forced into an underground, and news of ose apprehended for unlawful cohabitation filled e papers. The government went after prominent men as well as ose holding lesser positions in e Church. Apostle Rudger Clawson was e first to be sentenced to prison after e Act passed. In 1885; Angus M. Cannon, president of a Salt Lake Stake, was sentenced

44 to prison, as was Apostle Lorenzo Snow. Local men were arrested, and it is clear from e numerous clippings in e scrapbook at William followed all of ese events very carefully. Alough William was not a polygamist, his sympaies clearly were wi ose being persecuted. The Salt Lake Tribune reported at William Driver and David H. Perry paid e $3000 bond for an Ogden polygamist. The editors of e two Ogden newspapers appear to have been well educated, and eir vocabulary often shines in articles. An article from The Ogden Daily Herald, known to be sympaetic to e LDS Church, used a French phrase meaning, on e alert, and also a collective noun in referring to e federal marshals, who were well known. The article begins, The Deputy Marshals are evidently on e qui vive. Erum and Steele have again run in a brace of Saintly lawbreakers, in e persons of Willard Bingham, formerly of Wilson [a small town outside Ogden], and Myron Butler, lately (before e Underground era) of is city. The article went on to state at e charges were for e customary Mormon misconduct UC. The judge required each man to pay a two ousand dollar bond in order to be released before eir trial date. In bo cases, William Driver and anoer Ogden city councilman paid eir bonds. Broer Bingham had two wives. In 1887 he was sentenced to a six mon prison term and fined 155 one hundred dollars. After his prison term, he took a ird wife. By 1880 Myron Butler had ree wives; two earlier wives had died. In 1885, Broer Butler made a trip by train to Mexico to see if he could raise his families ere wiout persecution, but ultimately decided not to leave e United States. In his biography he wrote, In 1886 I accepted a call from Uncle Sam to board wi him in e Utah Pen. Came out in William Driver Visits e Idaho State Penitentiary In a letter to e Herald, William described his visit to e Idaho State Penitentiary in Boise where many Ogden polygamists were imprisoned. It is most likely at William was in Boise checking on one of his drug stores. While in Boise City a few days ago, I concluded to pay a visit to Bishop 157 Stuart, wi whom I am well acquainted, and e oer prisoners who are now working out eir sentence on e charge of unlawful cohabitation in e Idaho penitentiary, which is situated about two and a half miles from Boise....I walked out to e prison, which is a large rock building, and was kindly received by Warden Norton, who has charge of e place. I was conducted to his office, and Bishop Stuart was called in, when we had a long conversation, in e course of which he said at he and e oer prisoners were being treated by e officers of e prison as kindly as it was possible for em to do under e existing prison regulations. Their meals consist of white bread and boiled beef and potatoes ree times a day; and e cells in which ey are confined are 6x8 feet in size. Two prisoners are confined in each of ese, and one Mormon and one oer prisoner occupy a cell togeer, but it was expected at e Mormons would make eir confinement a little more comfortable and less tedious. They are confined twenty-ree hours out of e twenty-four per day. Thus, only one hour is allowed for exercise which is hardly sufficient to guarantee good heal to men who have been used to plenty of exercise and fresh air. Bishop Stuart is detailed to do e chores around e prison, to sweep out e offices and do oer small jobs. Everying is neat and scrupulously clean, and no bad smells could be discovered in any portion of e penitentiary. The Mormon prisoners seem happy and contented, and realizing ey are confined for e sake of tru and conscience, ey hope to

45 A disagreement during an Ogden City Council meeting about e city directory put William Driver s name in statewide newspapers for several weeks where he was condemned and praised by friends and foes. endure eir term of confinement wiout very serious consequences to emselves. Their treatment received by em since eir committal from Marshal D. Bois and Wardens Richards and Norton has been of an urbane character. They said at while on e way from Blackfoot to Boise ey were left to emselves, while ose in charge occupied a separate car, and anoer prisoner was even left to eir charge. This fellow attempted to escape but was recaptured by his fellow prisoners, in whom so much trust had been confided. On arriving at Boise a hotel proprietor solicited patronage from ese same men, Bishop Stuart and oers, but ey informed him at e marshal would provide food for em and his surprise at is information may be better imagined an described. These men who have been incarcerated because ey would not discard eir wives and families and us violate eir consciences are feeling cheerful and happy as ose who suffer for e tru s sake always have been. The City Directory Debacle The turmoil during e 1880s caused by e prosecution of polygamists polarized Ogden, which had a large population of non-lds residents. This is evidenced by an event at at its beginnings likely seemed almost trivial. Besides e pro-lds Ogden Daily Herald, anoer paper, The Ogden Daily News, was considered a Gentile paper which often published articles against e LDS Church. The News had recently written supportive articles about e Edmunds Act. For several years e city council had paid five dollars a mon to publish e offices of e city council in each paper. One of e men on e city council, Benjamin Erastus Rich, strongly objected to paying e five dollars to e News. Mr. Rich was one of e fifty-two children of Apostle Charles Rich and he himself had several wives, one of whom was e daughter of former mayor Lorin Farr. Mr. Rich said e paper, Had violated its promises and agreements made upon getting e franchise of e publication of e directory, and he felt e News must be an independent paper, not taking political sides. He added at due to e disenfranchisement of e Mormons caused by e Edmunds Act, he could not conscientiously support such a paper. He added at he was proud to be a Latter-day Saint, as well as an American-born and bred citizen. His motion was seconded, but William Driver spoke in defense of e News keeping e directory listings. A journalist quoted William by saying, He pointed out e fact at e [city council] was not e Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, but ey had been elected to transact e

46 business of e whole community, irrespective of creed or politics. If e News chose to exercise e privileges of free speech, he did not care to muzzle or try to suppress e utterance of its principles. As e council had not e power to compel any paper to tell e tru in every line, he did not deem it wisdom or right to take e step proposed. The Church could stand all e assaults of ose who were trying to annihilate it. If it could not, en it deserved to be annihilated. To him it made no difference wheer e men of e News were Saints or sinners. The price of at advertisement, $5 a mon, would not affect e Edmunds bill or cause e disfranchisement of e people. The streng of e Church was e very persecution it was receiving. Councilor John Boyle, a convert and immigrant from Scotland who had a large family and operated a successful grocery store in Ogden, stated at he, was a Latter-day Saint, but would also look after e interests of every honorable non-mormon in Ogden City, of whom he felt e News was not e representative. Among his fellow council members, William Driver stood alone in stating at e council should not involve itself in religious disagreements between e two Ogden newspapers. After a lengy discussion e council voted to widraw e listings from bo e Herald and e News. However, is was not e end of e controversy. The disagreement played out in e press and spread to e Salt Lake City newspapers, leading to more antagonism between e LDS and non- Mormons. The Ogden city directory issue poured gasoline on smoldering arguments. Many anti- Mormons urged at all Mormons should be denied e right to vote, as ey were often found hiding polygamists and us were in a state of rebellion against e government. As e days went 158 on, William Driver was bo praised and condemned in papers from Salt Lake City to Logan. One editor wrote, When civil affairs are brought up: Then Mr. Driver, wisely and justly, truly and rightfully, forgets at he is a member of any church and simply realized at he is e representative of e taxpayers, property-owners, and oer voters of e community in which he has, by his energy and enterprise, secured a prominent and honored position. One editor, critical of an earlier article, used e words, brainless editorial imbecility. Eventually ese articles began dealing wi e concept of separation of church and state, alough e words used were, State and Church divorced. One auor, disparaging e printed attack on e Mormons, ended his article wi e words, anti-church and State. It must be kept in mind at William Driver was not an unknown, not simply a member of a local city council. William Driver was e owner of a large drug store chain. People felt as ough ey knew him, and is made it easier for many to feel ey could label, attack, praise or vilify him. Amidst all of is, Ogden fielded attacks by e non-lds community about celebrating e 4 of July. Anti-Mormons insisted e Mormons were not patriotic and erefore should not mark e Four. It appears at in is short time frame, e city came togeer, as in years past, and celebrated e holiday. However, Apostle Moses Thatcher traveled from Logan to Ogden to join eir festivities. From e center of e town s park pavilion, he spoke to e faiful LDS and singled out William Driver s actions as being out of line wi Priesood auority. Judge

47 This magnificent etching of William Driver was published in Tullidge s history, along wi a five page biography. A six page biography of e leading opponent of e book was also published. Orlando W. Powers, who had sentenced many polygamists to prison, en stood and spoke against Elder Thatcher, stating at bigotry and fanaticism were inconsistent wi e fires of patriotism and loyalty. Interestingly, in e early part of e decade Mr. Powers had acted as one of many lawyers brought to Utah by e federal government to prosecute Mormon polygamists. He had successfully convicted ousands of husbands and faers on charges of unlawful cohabitation, and many had subsequently served prison terms. In 1885 Judge Powers was given special appointment by President Grover Cleveland to act as an associate justice of e Utah Supreme Court. However, about e time of is incident wi William Driver, Judge Powers recognized part of what was happening in e United States was religious persecution under e guise of abolishing polygamy. Judge Powers resigned his position and became one of several legal defenders of Mormon men. He worked to have many polygamists released early from eir prison 159 sentences. In e following decade, Moses Thatcher appears to have softened his position and was released from e Quorum of e Twelve Apostles. Elder Thatcher stated at e reason for his release was because he wanted e Church to be politically neutral but is was not in harmony wi e feelings of e oer members of e quorum. He remained in good standing in e LDS Church until his dea in William Driver s name almost always appeared as Wm. Driver, and is is how he signed his name. After is two-week period of attack of William Driver from all sides, he was given time to speak in e next council meeting. He condemned e editor of e News, who had publicly vilified him, stating at e man was, a criminal, an incendiary, a villain, a libeler and a blackmailer. In addition he had noing good to say about e editors of e Herald. The article stated, Councilor Driver used more and stronger language an outlined above...[and his] remarks were neier interrupted nor contradicted by any of his colleagues in e Council. William concluded by widrawing his support to publish e city directory in eier 160 newspaper.

48 City Council Commissions e Written History of Ogden Wi e best of intentions, e Ogden City Council voted in 1886 to appropriate one ousand dollars to cover e costs for Edward W. Tullidge to compile a history of Ogden and its business leaders. Many larger cities in e United States in is era had commissioned histories of is nature. In announcing is decision, e city council stated at e purpose of e book would be to, advertise e business interests and its many advantages as a commercial and railroad center. These types of histories generally contained a history of e area and included biographies of its 161 principle citizens. However, Fred Kiesel, a prominent non-mormon who had recently lost two elections for mayor, opposed e writing of is book. He appealed to e district judge, Henry P. Henderson, also a non-mormon, and stated at e appropriation of city funds was inappropriate because is biography would be about e Mormon history of Ogden. The city faers denied is was e case. They had hired Mr. Tullidge because of his education and writing skills. He had written oer historical works and had an excellent reputation, in spite of e fact at he had been associated wi e Godbeites, had been excommunicated from e LDS Church, and had recently joined e Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, which had several congregations in Utah. In its defense, e Ogden city council stated at, The conditions of e contract upon which is work was to be based were at e said historian should be required to gaer togeer all valuable and reliable data of e founding and grow of Ogden City, from e beginning to e present date, at e work should contain two hundred book pages devoted exclusively to e history of said Ogden City. The city faers stipulated at is was not to be a Mormon history or favor e Mormon Church in any way. Mr. Tullidge said, Not many more years can, in e course of nature, remain to e men who alone can supply e material for such a history. They will soon be gone from us; eir unwritten history will be lost forever, and e children in e next generation will possess scarcely a relic of knowledge of what eir faers did for e commonweal of is country. Councilor Ben Rich, who had voted for e appropriation of funds for is project, said, There seemed to be in e minds of some persons an idea at e proposed history will be a Mormon history. It is e intention to see at an impartial history is published, irrespective of any party of creed; and in e interests of e city and e general public. William Driver, having recently been elected to anoer term on e city council, also spoke in defense of e book. All we have done in is matter we have had in view of e benefit of e inhabitants of e city. We have acted in good fai. Our vast resources, business facilities, commercial and railroad advantages should be made known in some such manner as is proposed by e publication of e history of Ogden City. Mayor Peery said at he had understood from e beginning, That Mr. Tullidge, wi his high literary ability and long experience, would be a suitable man to write e history impartially, not being, as he understood it, a Mormon. The mayor added at he, had traveled over e United

49 The Ogden City Council hired Edward W. Tullidge to write a history of Ogden and its business leaders. Non-Mormons challenged is action in court, and as a result William Driver provided a significant portion of e publication of is book from his own funds. States from Texas to Boston, and but few towns of e size of ours carry e business aspect at Ogden does... e great railways center here, and Ogden is known all over e United States and e man who is so far back in e woods at he has not heard of Ogden should not be naturalized... This is e meeting place of e water facilities and of e trade and of e railways. This is bound to be an eminent mercantile center. Here are ree National Banks wi some ree hundred ousand dollars in each of em. Mr. Tullidge had been at work for a mon and none of his expenses had been reimbursed. While e judge suspended e allocation until he could rule, William said, The members of e council should stand by Tullidge at all hazards. His work was grand, and e names of Ogden s pioneers and builders should be rescued from oblivion and have a place in history. William said he would do his part by paying e current obligation of $500 and hope at e injunction would be dissolved and his money would be reimbursed. Oer citizens offered $100 each and some council members advanced $25 from eir personal funds. The following mon e judge overruled e council. Noneeless, is history was completed under e title, Tullidge s Histories: Containing e History of All e Norern, Eastern and Western Counties of Utah. Presumably William Driver was a major backer of is work, but it is unknown if sales of e book ultimately compensated him. The biography of William Driver included in e work is five pages. His broer Jesse Driver s equals one page. Fred J. Kiesel s biography, which Tullidge included in is volume, spanned six pages. Edward Tullidge did not write a biography of e judge. A brief article in January of 1886 indicated at William s political career had weaered e recent storms in e city council quite well. The current city council had completed two years of a ree year term, and e political parties were already gearing up for e fall election. Apropos e impending departure of Councilor Wm. Driver for California next Monday, e rumor gains in consistency at he may be put up as e compromise Mayor between e fanatical and e commercial factions of e People s party, and his going away is to remove him from e shafts 162 and chagrin of e personalities apprehended from e coming campaign. California would become a frequent destination for William in e future. Ties between California and Utah had begun wi e arrival of e Mormon Battalion in Utah from California in Many of Utah s new arrivals left Utah for e California gold rush. California was made a state in e Union in 1850, and since e civil war had become a home for successful businessmen who wanted a stake in e states mines, shipping and oer financial endeavors. Train routes put California wiin

50 easy distance from Utah, and many Utah residents spent time in California recuperating from illness and escaping Utah s cold winters. William and Charlotte were among ose from Utah who eventually had a second home in California, and who traveled frequently between e two states, taking advantage of e convenient train lines. 163 During is tumultuous year, William s forty-ree-year-old broer Charles emigrated to e United States. He traveled on e Nevada, a ship which made eighty trips between Liverpool and New York during e heaviest LDS emigration years. Charles traveled wi about two hundred LDS converts, most of whom were British. Charles trip was quick and uneventful, taking only ten days to cross e Atlantic and anoer week by train to reach Ogden. Certainly William, Jesse, John and eir families were rilled to greet him. By is time, William s business was very prosperous. He was able to freely travel, not just to California, but to Hawaii, taking his family. An 1888 society column mentioned at Charlotte and William and eir daughter Charlotte visited California and en traveled on to e Sandwich Islands. 164 Edmunds-Tucker Act of 1887 Disenfranchises e LDS Church In early 1887, e United States Congress passed e Edmund-Tucker Act. The LDS Church was disincorporated and many of its properties and all tiing money were confiscated by e government. The act stipulated at all voters in Utah were required to perform an anti-polygamy 165 oa before voting. In addition, all Utah women lost e right to vote. Plural wives were denied e right to refuse to testify against eir husbands and federal marshals subpoenaed em for humiliating trials. Children from plural marriages could not inherit property from eir faer. The government took control of e Logan and St. George temples, but allowed e Church to rent em back. The test-oa, as it was called, severely limited e ability of Mormons to participate in elections. This act affected elections in LDS communities outside of Utah, also, such as Bear Lake County in Idaho, ninety miles nor of Ogden. Those running for office, in addition to passing e testoa, had to put up a bond. An 1887 article from William s scrapbook illustrated a problem, as e non-mormons in Bear Lake County, suddenly having complete control of e elections, in many instances could not afford e bond to get em on e ballot. The Mormons, seeing e dilemma and not being willing at e county should be Notice of e dea of William Driver s dog, who died in e mid-1880s. The Nestor is a reference to a son of e wise ancient Greek King Pylos.

51 The St. James was a notable hotel in San Diego and still stands today. The guest book of e hotel was published daily in e local newspaper, listing e Drivers as guests. wiout its quota of officers, and also to show to e world at ey can return good for evil, lent eir names and property as security to e very men who have been placed over em by force of might against right. William Driver ran in e primary election at year as an Ogden City alderman, not as mayor, as many had supposed. In order to do be on e ballot, William would have needed to plainly state at he did not practice polygamy. However, his opponent, a faiful LDS member, won at election. President John Taylor, who had been in hiding in Kaysville because of his plural marriages, died two mons later. Wilford Woodruff, president of e Quorum of e Twelve Apostles, assumed leadership of e Church, but he was not sustained as Church president for two more years. At at time he issued e 1890 manifesto, which declared at e leaders of e Church were no longer teaching e continuance of e practice of polygamy, and e Church was allowed to freely operate again. In addition to e trials associated wi polygamy, Ogden businessmen shared eir concerns about Salt Lake merchants moving nor. William Driver joined forces wi oer Ogden leaders and organized e first Chamber of Commerce in Ogden. Sixty-five businessmen from e area, including Mary Ann Elizabe s husband and her faer-in-law, became members of is new organization. William Driver, receiving e most votes, was elected one of e irteen directors, along wi David Eccles, John A. Boyle and David H. Peery. An article from William s scrapbook stated, Wi such a combination of business capacity and enterprise as e chamber of commerce presents, e city will find herself in a position to retain her commercial rights and make her power felt. William turned fifty in May of at year, and an announcement of his birday celebration was published in The Herald. 166

52 The Late 1880s Brought Changes to William Driver s Family On August 10, 1887, five days past her forty-six birday, Charlotte gave bir to her last child, a healy son named Walter who was six years younger at his sister Ida May. In a possibly related item, two weeks later a deed was recorded in Ogden wi Charlotte Driver as e purchaser of a large lot for which she paid 167 one ousand dollars. Construction en began on an eleven-room mansion on Jefferson Avenue where several oer successful Ogden businessmen built homes. By 1888, Jesse s store was doing well and he had joined e Ogden Chamber of 168 Commerce. An ad in e Ogden Standard, read, Jesse J. Driver, Druggist and Apoecary. I have just received a fine assortment of Holiday Goods Consisting of Ladies and Gents Dressing Cases, Odor Cigar and oer Cases, Wi a full line of Toilet and Fancy Articles, Perfumery, etc. I keep a Full Stock of Standard Drugs and Patent Medicines. You will find me at e old stand, Main Street, nor of ZCMI. Physicians Prescriptions a specialty. William Driver s interest in menus was not lost on his descendants. My faer, Collins B. Cannon, a great-grandson, once took a trip to Europe and recounted to me in great detail, not e sights, but e food. It appears at William traveled to California often, perhaps to acquire goods for his store. Charlotte, wi four children still at home, including a newborn, managed to travel wi him, including is trip. In 1889 she and William took Charlotte to California for ree 169 mons, presumably leaving young Walter in e care of servants. In a victory for e Liberal Party, Fred Kiesel was elected to be e first non-lds mayor of Ogden in In what was certainly a large celebration, William and Charlotte s oldest son George married Mary Farr, e youngest of Lorin Farr s twenty children, in e Logan Temple in e fall of By is time Mary Ann and her husband Joseph Burton were e parents of a baby girl.

53 This eleven-room mansion was e home of e Driver family for about ree decades. Weddings, receptions, parties and local events were held here. Anoer event at year which would have brought Charlotte tremendous joy was e immigration of her younger sister Caerine, her husband George, and eir four young children. Thirty-eight-year-old George obtained work as a laborer for e railroad. Surely Ogden couldn t have been more different an eir former home of Icklesham, where George, accustomed to hard work and hard sun, had been a sailor. While George and Caerine did not immediately join e LDS Church, in 1891 eir two daughters, irteen-year-old Elizabe Kaerine and eleven-year-old Sarah Ellen were baptized. 170 Charlotte s mansion was completed in 1891, and she often opened her home for meetings and 171 social events. In at year her daughter Charlotte Emblen Driver married Frank Schoonover, a 172 Gentile lawyer from Indiana who had moved to Ogden e previous year. The family s bishop performed e December ceremony at e Driver s home at 8:30 p.m. Afterward, one hundred 173 and fifty guests enjoyed a wedding dinner, all while e home was brilliantly lighted. Charlotte Driver, as e moer of e bride, wrote a gown of, rich golden brown silk, wi a slight train in e back and trimmed wi shaded lace. Among e numerous and costly gifts were several at attracted particular attention. There were, an ice cream set of silver and gold; a beautiful silver tea set; a heavy silver water urn; ree exquisite carving sets; a china toilet set; triple folding mirrors of French plate, a fine damask table set; a very handsome bronze clock; and numerous salad and berry spoons in pretty designs. William s business was doing well, and in addition to paying for a magnificent home and a stunning wedding for his daughter, one day William surprised Charlotte wi four beautiful diamonds. 174 Also in 1891, movements were underway to gain statehood for Utah. Influential men from various parts of e country, some wi LDS relatives, worked to smoo e pa. One step taken by Utahans was to disband e People s Party, which to many indicated at Mormons voted in a block. LDS members were encouraged to join e new Democrat and Republican parties. William became a Republican. By 1892 Jesse had taken a partner into his business, which as a general store was now called Woerspoon and Driver. They moved e store downtown to its final location, just a block from William s store. Robert Woerspoon, a irty-year-old Scottish LDS convert, lived at e store wi his wife and ree young daughters. 175 In April of 1893, Wilford Woodruff dedicated e Salt Lake Temple, which had been under construction for forty years.

54 1894 Utah Begins e Transition to Statehood In July of 1894, Congress passed e Utah Enabling Act which auorized Utah citizens to write a constitution in preparation for admittance to e Union. This act was very specific and allowed for male residents twenty-one years and older to vote for one hundred and twenty-seven delegates who would attend e state constitutional convention. Weber County was allowed to elect eleven delegates, and William Driver s name appeared on e ballot. He was elected as a state delegate by e Republican party in November of at year. Also elected from Weber County were Democrats Fred Kiesel, Lorin Farr and David Evans, all of whom were politically active in Ogden. Frank Schoonover ran for county attorney in is election but lost to e opposing Democrat by sixty votes. By 1894, William and Charlotte s son George had two children, Ellen had five, and Mary Ann Elizabe had four children, e youngest being Ida May Burton, born in Charlotte and her husband Frank Schoonover, who lived wi her parents in e recently completed mansion, had a son. In September, As a delegate to e 1894 constitutional convention, William Driver was one of ree men who pushed, against tremendous opposition, to include women s suffrage in e state constitution. His wife Charlotte was a leading suffragist. Charlotte Driver was called to be e assistant secretary of e Weber Stake Relief Society, a position she would hold for six years. 177 At e end of 1894, William and Charlotte s son Willard married Josephine McIntosh, e daughter of a Scottish faer and Canadian moer, neier of whom were LDS. Willard was not 178 baptized as a child and was never active in e LDS Church. Still at home after Willard s marriage were irteen-year-old Ida May and seven-year-old Walter. William and Charlotte, bo in eir mid-fifties, had fourteen grandchildren. Charlotte was a doting grandmoer and kept pennies, nickels and dimes tucked away in a Victorian purse which she kept in e pocket of her ird petticoat. A fortunate grandchild would spend ese coins on little treasures at e corner 179 store. The Delegates Meet in Salt Lake City to Draft e State Constitution On March 4, 1895, e delegates for e constitutional convention met in Salt Lake City in e newly constructed City and County Building built on Emigration Square. The president of e

55 convention was Apostle John Henry Smi, a cousin of Joseph F. Smi who at at time was a counselor in e First Presidency. (Elder Smi was e faer of George Albert Smi, born in 1870, who would join e Quorum of e Twelve Apostles in 1903 and become president of e LDS Church in 1945.) George Q. Cannon, first counselor to President Woodruff, opened e convention wi a prayer,....we feel, our Faer, at is assemblage needs Thy Holy Spirit to be wi em, ey need Thy help, so at in e consideration of e great and important questions at shall enter into eir discussions, ey may be filled wi at feeling at come from Thee, wi love for each oer and for humanity, and be inspired by e highest and most patriotic motives at can fill e human breast...and at even ough ey may not believe in Thee (ere may be some, our Faer, who do not have fai in God ), yet at in eir hearts ere may be a desire to do at which is right for eir fellow men, and to look forward to e best interests of is country, and to do everying at is possible to make is a great and a grand country, under a Constitution at shall be liberal in e largest acceptation of 180 at term.... During a controversy about prohibition, Reverend Miller accused William Driver of being drunk at e constitutional convention. At e end of March, e body of e constitution had been agreed on. Following at, articles, or amendments to e constitution, were discussed in committees. One such article was at of prohibition, which to no one s surprise was a very divisive topic. Some felt alcohol consumption must regulated in order to control its use. Oers felt at e evils of alcohol outweighed e rights of anyone in e state to consume it. Some delegates opposed prohibition solely on e basis of eir belief at if e Utah state constitution included prohibition, it would include support for women s suffrage, us increasing e power of e dominant religion. The discussion on e floor about ese amendments became long and arduous. Prohibition Is Discussed in e Constitutional Convention William Driver was against prohibition. His position came from his business experience, as he had sold alcohol in his drug store for over twenty years. In late April, during a discussion concerning an article which would prohibit e sale of alcohol in Utah, William stood before e convention and expressed his views. He said he had never partaken of alcohol in his entire life, but he admitted he sold alcohol in his business establishment. He suggested at if it would be possible to draft a law which would stop e sale of intoxicating drinks, en he would be in favor of at. He concluded by saying, Now, I do not want to be understood in is convention at I am

56 Reverend Miller reportedly lost his temper at e convention and en confessed his own problems wi alcohol. He later apologized to William Driver. speaking one word in favor of drunkenness, nor e temperate use of intoxicating liquor; but I say is one ing, at e gentlemen at have introduced is article do not know what ey are doing. They are wise men, good men, benevolent men, religious men, but ey do not understand e outcome of is article. They cannot prohibit it. It will be shipped into e city and all over is territory and come back itself labeled all kinds of ings...wi a demijohn [a type of bottle commonly used for alcohol] in e center of e box, and in all kinds of ings, groceries, and everying else, and e people will have it if ey need it, and my doctrine is, convert em, convert em by your example and by your precepts at ey should not take it, at it is injurious to em; and I say when you have done at you will have no use to incorporate in e constitution an article prohibiting e sale of 181 intoxicating liquors for a beverage. Reverend Miller, a delegate from Sevier County who strongly argued in favor of prohibition, stood to refute William, stating, If my memory serves me right, I saw e gentleman one evening when he was very warm under e collar rough beer. An argument ensued 182 and William responded wi e words, It is a dastardly lie. Mr. Miller, shouting at times, confessed to e entire assembly at, I have been brought under e influence of intoxicating liquors.... I say at it has entered e households of ousands upon ousands in our fair country, and families have been ruined. He later clarified at he did not mean to imply at he had seen Mr. Driver inebriated, and he apologized. Newspapers roughout e state were filled wi e dispute between William and Reverend Miller. Apostle Moses Thatcher stated his belief at e consumption of alcohol had brought devastating effects upon communities, states and countries. He said, It is better to keep it wiin control and under e eyes of e guardians of e law an in undertaking to prohibit, to allow it to grow up in every part of your cities. He added at, There was twice as much liquor drank in e town of Logan during an attempted prohibition as was drank before or immediately after....the [prohibition] law will permit liquor to come into is new State...just as it came into e city of Logan when we were trying to prohibit. Why it used to come in, I believe, from my friend from Ogden. Fred Kiesel spoke up and said, My trade [in alcohol] increased during at time, and at statement was followed by tremendous laughter from e delegates. Elder Thatcher added, Yes, it came [to Logan] as mineral water.

57 William Driver later spoke and said at prohibition would transfer much of e liquor business to drug stores. A newspaper quoted Mr. Driver s next statement by saying he delivered is in a serio-comic vein, frequently exciting laughter...to illustrate, [Mr. Driver] pictured himself as going into ZCMI drug store in is city, in prohibition days, and asking a clerk for a bottle of whisky. The clerk would reply, Mr. Driver, you can t get any whisky here not a drop. But we have some awful good liniment. The assembly laughed at is comment, but William went on to say, He would buy a bottle of liniment, and when he reached home he would find at he had e very liquor at he had first asked for. That statement was also followed by laughter. William Driver and Fred Kiesel, who had been political opponents in e past, worked well togeer during is convention, backing each oer up before e assembly and acting as a team wi e oer delegates from Weber County. Several times each man offered e oer his own time on e floor so e one speaking could finish. In e end, prohibition was not included in e state constitution. William Driver Boldly Supports Women s Suffrage In late March, e topic of women s suffrage was brought to e floor after being discussed in committees for several days. An amendment was proposed for e new state constitution, Section 1. The rights of citizens of e State of Utah to vote and hold office shall not be denied or abridged on account of sex. Bo male and female citizens of is State shall equally enjoy all civil, political, and religious rights and privileges. While bo e Democrats and Republicans had supported women s suffrage in eir platforms before e convention, committee discussions raised concerns at President Cleveland might not approve of Utah s constitution wi a suffrage clause for women since few oer American women could vote. For is reason, Fred Kiesel became a major opponent of including suffrage for all in e new constitution. William Driver and Lorin Farr stood alone in declaring eir support for universal suffrage. In William s public statement, it came out at Charlotte had worked hard for is right. Before e entire assembly, William said, I was at Provo [where e Republicans held eir convention]. I voted upon e article at gave e right to women to vote, e right of suffrage, and I have felt all e time at I was bound by at platform. Some people say at I voted for it because my wife was a leading suffragist. Not at all. I believe, like some oer gentlemen here, at if my wife wanted to vote her way, why she should do it, and it would not interfere wi e way I voted, but ank God we are bo Republicans on at point at least, and I ink she is right. And I want to tell Mr. Kiesel and every oer man who inks as he does, at ere has never been a time since e first pioneers entered is valley, since e first ree ladies came rough Emigration canyon, at ey ever needed enfranchisement from e sources at he has suggested. Never. The ladies of e country never have been slaves; ey are women who have been e pioneers of is country wi eir husbands and eir broers, and if ere is anying around us today at we see to admire, e ladies of is country have helped to make it. Some say at ey should be able to shoot e bullet and carry e bayonet and go to war. I believe lots of ese ladies have done worse an at; ey have worked all day long and killed e crickets to save eir husbands' crops, and ey have worked side by side wi em to save eir families

58 from starvation, and I believe at if e time should ever come at ey would have to carry e rifle, ey are perfectly competent and able to do it. But is it necessary in order to give ese ladies e right to vote, at we should have it demonstrated to us at ey are Amazons, at ey will go to e front and fight? No, sir; let e regular army go first, let e militia follow, en come on wi your volunteers, and when ey are all swept out, I guarantee you will find a fighting force in is country such as e world has never seen before. The women will fight for eir liberties and for e liberties of eir husbands and eir sons. And I say, gentlemen, at e ladies of Weber County want e franchise, ey want to vote, and ey are going to have it. 183 The next week, wi no resolution in sight, William spoke again, Mr. Chairman, I am placed in a very peculiar position. I came down here one of eleven gentlemen from Weber County to represent e people from at section of country. I find today at I stand alone, wi e exception of one oer delegate, who dared upon is floor defend e rights of his wife and moer, of my wife and moer. That gentleman cannot go back to his home, attending a meeting ere, as I read in e paper, wiout being insulted by men who claim to represent e people of Weber County, ree or four hundred men meeting togeer, claiming e right to represent in mass meeting twenty ousand citizens of Weber, pass resolutions at reflect on e integrity and honor of at least two members of e delegation from Weber County. Passing beyond at, e scene enacted ere has no parallel in e history of political gaerings in is country, except what we witnessed here in e lobbies yesterday; and I say, gentlemen, if I have to stand alone in is connection, I feel at ere are men enough in is house who have known William Driver for e last twenty-eight or forty years to know at he is no fanatic, at while defending his own rights, he has always been ready to defend e rights of his fellow man, and today he will stand and defend e rights of e women of Weber County, if he stands alone. 184 One evening during e convention, a political rally in support of women s suffrage was held at Thompson Hall in downtown Salt Lake City. Five hundred people attended, bo men and women, and four hundred and sixty-two votes were cast in favor of submitting women s suffrage as a separate article to e new constitution, leaving is right out of e constitution itself. William Driver, Lorin Farr, wi e additional support of Weber Delegate David Evans, stood togeer in eir support of including universal suffrage in e state constitution. Lorin Farr stated, You are told tonight at e gentlemen who voted in Salt Lake for e enfranchisement of women have voted against e people. What is a platform for? Those we have sent to e convention are our servants and ey have gone ere upon e platforms which demand equal suffrage. Why did not Mr. Kiesel and oers, before ey were elected, come out and say at ey were not in favor of woman suffrage? They had not e nerve to do it for ey knew at ey could not have been elected had ey done so. In regard to woman being debased by having e vote, let me say at it is one of e greatest God-given privileges ever conferred upon men....there is noing in politics at is degrading....there never has been a valid reason given why women should not vote. 185 David H. Peery proposed a resolution to censure William, Mr. Farr and Mr. Evans for criticizing e oer Ogden delegates, and e vote to censure passed overwhelmingly. Support for ese ree men filled e newspapers roughout e state. One editor wrote, Mr. Perry stated at he

59 wanted to censure ose gentlemen for having criticized Ogden people. That was a miserable subterfuge. Mr. Perry really wanted to censure Messrs Evans, Far and Driver because ey voted to maintain e suffrage clause in e constitution, and for no oer reason. Anoer said, Messrs Evans, Driver and Farr were elected on a woman s suffrage platform and e people must stand by em for redeeming e pledges ey made to e people. Letters to e editors of local papers showed tremendous support for ese ree men, and petitions from hundreds of men and women were sent to e convention. Ultimately eir voice prevailed. The convention wrote universal suffrage directly into e constitution, and later at year e new constitution was approved by e federal government. Utah became a state January 19, Heber M. Wells, a son of e late Apostle Daniel H. Wells, was elected e new governor and he and oer new officials were inaugurated in e Tabernacle on Temple Square. John Driver Receives a Medical License After Utah achieved statehood in 1896, doctors were required to be licensed and had to prove eir medical education. At is time William s broer John, age forty-eight, left Utah and his family for two years in order to attend e Marion Sims Medical College in St. Louis. This institution was named after an innovator in women s care. He returned to his Ogden practice in The Drug Store Suffers Financial Difficulties Dr. John Driver, William Driver s youngest broer, immigrated to Utah wi eir broer Jesse in Elizabe Jacobs Driver, moer of 9 children. Her oldest son married Charlotte Driver s niece in e SLC Temple in Family home of John and Elizabe Driver, and from where he operated his medical practice. He usually saw patients in eir homes. This home was less en two blocks from e home of his broer, William, and for a few years just a block from eir broer Charles residence. Coincident wi e constitutional convention, but certainly completely unrelated, William s business suffered financial difficulties. His son George, who had been operating e store, left st William s employ on March 1, a few days before e convention began and about e time William would have left for Salt Lake. Presumably e store was left in e hands of a trusted employee. Six weeks later, William suddenly returned from Salt Lake City for e weekend. A

60 placard reading, F. S. Schoonover, Assignee, was placed on e closed doors after business hours. The next morning e papers covered news of is foreclosure and entertained some speculation. The firm s financial difficulties, it seems, had been going on for mons. George had left e family business after working for some time to improve e situation, wiout success, and had recently departed Ogden for California. George s wife Mary told reporters at George was not out-of-state to escape creditors, since he was no longer associated wi e firm. William confirmed at. Mary and William publicly stated at due to e strains caused by e financial issues, George s heal had suffered during e first part of e year. The trip to California was undertaken solely for his heal. The bank assigned Frank Schoonover, William s son-in-law, to take charge of e business. He reported at e firm s assets totaled about $90,000. A list of creditors was publicly named. Ogden Savings Bank was owed $22,000. Oer creditors were small lenders, some being owed under $500. Apparently, one of ese small lenders had asked for his investment to be returned, and William had been unable to do so. The paper reported, The friends of Mr. Driver sincerely regret at e clamourous attitude of a few small creditors holding someing between $400 and $500 should drive is old and apparently so well established firm to e wall. The building in which e business has hierto been carried on was e first ree-story building in e city and e drug store was e first of its kind established here some irty years ago. Mr. Driver has been an enterprising man, liberal toward any and everying at would aid in building up e town, and is misfortune will cause e deepest regret among all who have known and dealt wi William Driver. It was added at, e homes of William and George Driver are not involved in e assignment. Frank Schoonover reported at he would inventory e store to determine e 186 assets, which wold include e building. There was no mention of problems wi e oer store branches. The financial difficulties of William Driver at is time were certainly related to a depression which e entire United States faced during e years of A few mons later e papers reported at, The many friends of Hon. William Driver will be pleased to learn at he has so arranged affairs as to be able to again resume his drug business in Ogden. Some mons ago financial difficulties caused e suspension of his business, but he has at last succeeded in straightening out ese difficulties and in getting started once more. Mr. Driver has been one of Ogden s strong merchants for a quarter of a century, and e fact at he is able to resume business again will gratify his ousands of friends all over is Western country. 187 William Driver Serves a Mission To California Alough 1895 was fraught wi difficulty, William was called to serve a mission to California, leaving late in e summer. That fall, a conference for e two branches of Sacramento and San Francisco was held. The conference met in a rented hall belonging to e Knights of Pyias (similar to e Elks or e Masons) which was named e Pyian Castle and which was e location for e local congregation s weekly meetings. William Driver was one of e speakers. Four branches had been organized at year in California, including a branch in Los Angeles and San Diego, and fifteen elders, including Elder Driver, were serving in e California Mission, headed by Elder Henry S. Tanner, a grandson of LDS converts. About irty converts were

61 188 baptized at year. William was assigned to finish his mission in Hawaii. While in Honolulu he visited e Kilauea Volcano. The volcano was found in a remarkably active condition. The party of irteen took a steamer to e volcano and en rode five miles on horseback to e park, en took a nine mile drive to e volcano. William en dedicated a new chapel on Pauoa Road. The new Mormon Church on Pauoa Road was dedicated yesterday by Elder Driver, who came here from e States for e purpose. A large congregation assembled to witness e ceremony. On Saturday e church was completed and e even was celebrated by a native luau, given under e auspices of e Church, e proceeds of which went towards defraying e expenses of e building. From Hawaii, William boarded a steamship and traveled to Australia, returning home to Ogden after 189 at tour. Back in Ogden, William Runs for Mayor In 1897, William ran for ran for mayor against John Boyle in a hotly contested election. One of e Salt Lake papers recommended at e people of Ogden vote a straight Democratic ticket except for mayor, and en ey should cast eir vote for William Driver. Only in a recount was it determined William had lost by twenty-seven votes. A handwritten note at e top of one of e articles reads, I was counted out of 350 Votes. Spanish American War Comes to Ogden In 1898, world events impacted Ogden. Most Americans were sympaetic to e Cubans and eir long struggle for independence from Spain. Spain s real and exaggerated cruelty to rebels was widely reported. President William McKinley, who had succeeded President Cleveland on a platform of economic streng, sent e battleship Maine to protect e interest of Americans living in Havana. Three weeks later, e Maine exploded, killing almost ree hundred soldiers. While e cause of is disaster was never determined, American newspapers blamed e deas on a Spanish conspiracy. President McKinley en sent American troops to Cuba to force Spanish widrawal. American troops were also sent to e Philippines to take Manilla, which was also seeking independence from Spain. Troops from Utah were stationed in various ports in e US and its territories, including California, Florida and Hawaii. Captain Richard W. Young, a grandson of Brigham Young, led American forces in e attack against Manila. Four-year-old Ida May Burton accompanied her grandmoer Charlotte Driver during an 1898 visit to an Ogden family who lost a son in e Spanish American War. The memory of is visit remained wi Ida May roughout her life.

62 Charlotte Driver Is Elected President of e Emergency Red Cross The women of Ogden met at e county courouse to organize a Red Cross Society. Charlotte Driver was elected chair of e meeting, and e group made plans to raise funds to assist e families of soldiers at e war s front. They also voted to send comforts and delicacies for e soldiers. Charlotte was en elected president of e Emergency Red Cross of Ogden, along wi oer officers and committee heads. A soldier from Ogden was killed and his body sent back to Ogden. Charlotte, no stranger to dea and tragedy, took her four-year-old granddaughter Ida May wi her during her visit to e family, instilling a lesson of service which was never forgotten. Ida May later wrote, In spite of all e sorrows Grandmoer had, she had a 190 wonderful disposition. Everyone one loved her so much. Young Ida May later wrote, It was her policy to keep a baby layette ready in case of an emergency... [and] she also kept a $10 gold piece so at she would always have some money in an emergency. She knew whereof she spoke, and she was ready to offer support to oers. That year, Charlotte joined wi oer women to create e Child Culture Club, a group which provided medical and financial care for Ogden children. Beneficiaries included children in This photo, taken about 1905 during a Four of July celebration, vividly illustrates e improvements Ogden made since its initial settlement almost sixty years earlier. The merging of eras is demonstrated, as street car tracks can be seen alongside horse-drawn carriages and early gas-powered vehicles. Telephone poles are positioned in e center of e streets, but transformers confirm at e electricity for e street cars was also carried here. Light poles line bo sides of Washington Avenue, e main oroughfare in Ogden. A choir on a float is being pulled by white horses. William Driver s storefront, wi a ree story wall wi, Driver & Sons on e side, can be seen in e center of e photo, which was originally a postcard.

63 191 hospitals, blind and oer handicapped children. Also in 1898 Wilford Woodruff, who had served as president of e LDS Church for nine years, died. Sadly, e next year e toddler son of George died. In a happy turn of events, in 1899 Charlotte s twenty-one year old niece Elizabe Kaerine, e daughter of her youngest sister who had immigrated ten years earlier, married Henry Driver, her husband s nephew and son of John Driver. Their marriage took place in e Salt Lake Temple. 192 In 1899, Charlotte was called to be e secretary of e Weber Stake Relief Society. By 1900 Charlotte and William had twenty-two grandchildren, alough four had died, including two of Willard s ree children. While Mary Ann and her husband Joseph Burton had moved to Salt Lake, Mary Ann remained close to her moer. Granddaughter Ida May recalled at as a child she often spent parts of each summer wi her grandparents in Ogden. She loved to be in e Driver home, where ere were servants who cut e bread so in at it had to be buttered 193 before it was sliced, and who put a fresh container of butter on e table at every meal. Charlotte built a strong bond wi her granddaughter Ida May, who considered herself a favorite. Ida May wrote, She loved me so much and I loved her so very much. Likely each grandchild felt is way. 194 In 1900 Elizabe Kaerine had a baby girl which she named after herself. The baby died e next year, followed by William s fifty-nine year-old broer Charles, who died of tuberculosis and was buried in William s family cemetery plot. 195 In 1901 Lorenzo Snow, who had served as president of e LDS Church for just two years, passed away. Also at year George Q. Cannon, at at time serving as President of e Quorum of e Twelve Apostles, died. Joseph F. Smi, e son of Hyrum Smi, succeeded President Snow. Queen Victoria also died at year after having reigned for sixty-ree years. She was succeeded by her son, Edward VII. Chief Washakie, who had been a friend to Brigham Young and had brought ree hundred members of his tribe into e LDS Church, and who lived to be over a century old, also died at is time. William s Broer John Returns to England For a Visit In 1902 John returned to England, but he felt e visit was disappointing because so many of his old friends were gone. Their broer George Robert had died in 1900, so possibly ere were not many family members to visit. After his return from England, he organized e first medical society in Weber County. William Wins Anoer Election to e City Council In January of 1902, William began anoer term on e Ogden City Council. At e first meeting

64 Eleven-year-old Ida May Burton enjoyed parades and holidays typical of e early 20 century. Alough she lived in Salt Lake City wi her parents, she spent a lot of time in Ogden wi her grandparents, William and Charlotte Driver. at year, William was nominated as president of e council. There were no oer nominations and e vote was unanimous. The newspaper reported at William assumed e chair wi a short, well-worded speech, anking e council for e honor conferred upon him. He hoped at as a body of men having e city s interests at heart at ey would be able to work in perfect harmony and for e best interests and protection of e city. Above all, said Mr. Driver, let us protect e city s treasury. William assigned himself to serve on e street committee, where he had served before. The new mayor was William Glassman, e publisher of e Ogden Standard, and he and William did not get along very well. 196 Mary Ann Elizabe Driver Burton accompanied her moer Charlotte to Philadelphia on e train to visit her sister about About is time Charlotte and her daughter Mary Ann Elizabe took a trip to Philadelphia to visit Charlotte, staying ere about a mon. By is time Mary Ann had eight children, but surely someone cared for em in her absence. 197 In 1904, William ran for Mayor against Rollo Emmett, an Ogden physician. The election was very close and contentious, wi William losing by only ree votes. At e last council meeting of e year, after e election, William spoke, saying at while he didn t feel like making a speech, he did wish to ank e members of e council and oer city officers for eir kindness and courtesy to him. He was satisfied at e council had done well, and he believed at e Ogden citizens were in agreement wi him. One of e councilmen responded by saying, Much at has been accomplished is due to President Driver s wisdom and judgment. A tiing receipt, dated to 1906, a year after William Driver was ordained a High Priest, indicates his faifulness to e LDS Church. By 1907 William, age seventy, had retired from active work in his drug store business, which was

65 now managed completely by his son George, age forty-seven, who had a growing family. George had recently updated e Ogden store, including e installation of a new plate glass front. The Masons no longer rented e ird floor, and e entire building was consumed wi inventory and employees. A newspaper article stated, All kinds of staple goods for general family use are put up by e company, and eir trade extends roughout e entire inter-mountain country. Their goods are found upon e shelves of every first class druggist in all e wide territory tributary to Ogden City. Taken in all its departments e William Driver & Son Drug company is beyond question e best equipped drug store in e state outside of Salt Lake, and takes second place to none in e metropolis of Utah, and under its present able and energetic management has a promising and flattering future before it. 198 At e end of e summer in 1908, William and Charlotte celebrated eir fiftie wedding anniversary. An article in e newspaper covered is event, Fifty years ago yesterday ey were united in marriage in e big city of London, and since at time eir love and devotion to each oer has been unswerving. The story of fifty years of married life wi em is one of connubial happiness and financial success. The article included a short history of William, stating, Mr. Driver has not only been prominent in Ogden as e druggist, but he has much to do wi e building progress of Ogden and has played no small part in its political grow. Charlotte s contributions were acknowledged, During all is time Mr. Driver has had a helpmate who has much A teenaged Ida May Burton would have enjoyed associating wi her cousins and oer family members at e 50 Wedding Anniversary of her Driver grandparents. to do wi his usefulness in e community. A very respectable family of seven children and twenty-five grandchildren have been reared here by Mr. and Mr. Driver, nearly all of whom are now residents of e city and who are potent factors in aiding to maintain e business prestige and good name of e city. The celebration was held in eir home, where, e parlors were beautifully decorated wi sweet peas, e color effect being pink. A banquet table fairly groaned under e load of e viands of e season and e children and grandchildren, togeer wi 199 invited friends, made glad e hearts of e honored couple. Guests included all of eir family except for eir daughter Charlotte, who lived wi her husband and ree children in Rochester, New York. The parents of eir children s spouses were also in attendance. Will Pearson was also noted as being present. Certainly eir granddaughter Ida May Burton, now a young teenager, would have enjoyed e occasion wi her cousins. While e article states ey had twenty-five grandchildren, in fact ey had twenty-ree living, but four more grandchildren were deceased. George and Ellen had bo lost infants, and as mentioned Willard had lost two babies. Five of eir seven living children were married, but early e following spring, twenty-seven year-old Ida May married twenty-six year-old Will Pearson, e grandson of early Utah pioneers. Their marriage took place at William and Charlotte s California home in Ocean Park outside Los Angeles, and which was just a block from a magnificent beach. The bride and groom, bo in

66 eir late twenties, stood under a bower of lilies and ferns wi a hanging bell of white orchids. An article described e bride, who is possessed of beautiful features and brunette coloring, wi brown eyes and masses of dark brown hair, [and who was] girlish and graceful in a simple shea gown of white crepe de chine. The gown was made wi an empire bodice and train. The yoke and sleeves were of duchess lace. Will was described as, a young man who has achieved e ultimate esteem and respect of his fellows and of a young woman whose charm and qualities of character and person won from e foremost ranks of misogynists a willing captive to e banner of domesticity. Among e guests were Ida May s parents and her broer George, several family members of her sister Mary Ann Elizabe s in-laws, all from Ogden and who surely knew Ida May well, in addition to several oer prominent Ogden residents, including e wife of David 200 Eccles. Many of ese people likely had second homes in California. Two mons later, Ida May and Will were sealed in e Salt Lake Temple. Will was an accountant and moved his wife to Salt Lake, where her sister Mary Ann Elizabe lived wi her husband and eight children. Willard lived in Idaho, and George, Ellen and twenty-year-old Walter remained in Ogden. Upon her return to Ogden, Charlotte was called to be e president of e Weber Stake Relief Society. Jesse James Driver Dies In 1909, William s broer Jesse died of heart failure at e age 201 of sixty-eight while watering his garden in e evening. His funeral, held on e Four of July, a Sunday at year, was a large event wi singing by a ward choir, ree solos and five speakers, including two bishops. The Odd Fellows, wi whom Jesse had been associated, attended e funeral as a group and performed a grave side service. The pall bearers were members 202 of e State Pharmacal Association. William and John, e oldest and youngest siblings, were now e only surviving children of George and Mary Killingwor Driver. His widow Mary continued to live in Ogden and was active in Relief Society. Their adopted daughter Mae had married and moved to California where she was raising a young family. Coincident wi e dea of Jesse, but unrelated, was a holiday celebration in e Salt Lake Tabernacle honoring pioneers, and which was held on Wednesday, June 30, e day after Jesse s dea. The oldest person present, an Irish pioneer, was over one hundred years old. One man had come across e plains wi Johnston s army in 1858 and remained in Ogden, where he married and had a large family. William Driver, who was present at is event, was interviewed. He told about e train wreck during his passage to Utah. He also said at he was pleased Joseph Fielding Burton and his wife Mary Ann Elizabe Driver. Grandmoer Cannon, eir daughter, told me is photo was taken upon eir return from a trip to New York City in 1910.

67 wi e present conditions in e state, feelings which certainly were genuine, as he had 203 contributed so much to Utah. Charlotte was not named, and it s likely she was home in Ogden helping her sister-in-law Mary wi funeral arrangements. It is also possible at William did not yet know of Jesse s dea. He might have traveled to Salt Lake City e day before and stayed wi one of his daughters, learning by telegram of Jesse s dea. Interestingly, William and Charlotte had only recently returned from California, where ey had spent e previous ten mons. 204 Also in 1909, William s grandson, George s son William, left for a mission to France. William s youngest niece, e fifteen-year-old daughter of his broer John, died after a nine-mon battle wi pneumonia Brings Many Changes to e Driver Family After a nine-year reign, King Edward VII died in March of He was succeeded by his son, George V, who reigned for twenty-five years. This year William s son George Driver was elected to be e vice-president of e Utah Pharmaceutical Association during its annual meeting in Salt Lake City. During e convention, William Driver was honored and named a life member. 206 That fall young William Driver returned home early from his French mission, as he had become very ill wi tuberculosis. It is most likely at he caught is disease in his childhood, not on his mission, as tuberculosis is a very slow-growing bacteria. In fact, since his uncle Charles had tuberculosis, it is probable at most of his family had been infected, in addition to possibly a significant portion of e Ogden population in e early 1900s. Even today, it is believed at a ird of e world s population is infected wi e TB bacterium. Generally, only about one in ten of ose infected actually develop symptoms. At at time is was often called consumption 207 because e patient lost considerable weight, literally wasting away. Elder William McKay of Hunstville accompanied William home from France. Elder McKay was a younger broer of David O. McKay, who would later serve as LDS Church president. A rd Deseret News article dated September 3, 1910, stated, Elder William Driver, son of George Driver, of Ogden, who was released from his labors in souern France to return home, on account of severe illness, arrived on e Baltic a few days ago, and left for his home wi Elder William McKay. Young Mr. Driver has been a very sick man for e last year, but left his field of missionary work wi many regrets; e people among whom he labored also saw his departure wi much sadness. William s heal did not improve after his return home. Tuberculosis often affects e lungs, and many believed at e time, (and many still do,) at a dry climate would help. The family sent him to Arizona, likely to a sanatorium where fresh air and good nutrition were in abundance, where he could rest and where it was hoped at e climate would improve his heal. However, he died in Mesa five mons later, apparently after e TB settled in his brain. His body was brought back to Ogden for burial. This would have been a tremendous blow to e family.

68 Ida May Burton about e time of her engagement in A few mons later anoer grandson, John Reeve, Ellen s oldest son, returned from his mission and married a granddaughter of Nineteen-year-old Ida May Burton announced her engagement in 1914 to Collins Telle Cannon, a son of e late apostle George Q. Cannon. Until e engagement, she had also been dating a friend of her Uncle Walter. pioneers from neighboring Cache County. The marriage took place in e Logan Temple. The next year William and Charlotte s first great-grandchild was born to is couple, a son named after his faer, grandfaer and great-grandfaer. By is time William and Charlotte had twenty-six grandchildren. George Driver Closes e Ogden Drug Store Charlotte Driver took her granddaughter Ida May Burton to California in 1914 to buy her trousseau. Ida May is shown here on e San Francisco ferry. At e beginning of 1912, William sold his ree-story Ogden drug store to e Pingree Bank for $50,000. The 208 store was razed and a new bank building was constructed on e block. George, now fifty- 209 ree, moved his family to San Diego, where he managed a drug business ere. It appears at Ellen and her husband John, age fifty-five, moved to San Francisco about is time. Possibly John s heal had been declining and ey felt e California climate would bring a recovery. Tragedy struck e family in 1914 when John died of heart problems in San 210 Francisco. The body was brought by train to Ogden for burial. Ellen, age fifty-one, still had several children at home, e youngest being just eleven. However, e family continued to grow. In 1914, Charlotte and William s youngest child Walter, 211 age twenty-six, married in California after attending pharmacy college in Pennsylvania. At e end of at year, eir twenty-year-old granddaughter Ida May became engaged to Collins Telle Cannon, one of e youngest sons of e late apostle George Q. Cannon. That fall Charlotte took

69 Ida May to California where she purchased her wedding trousseau e Descendants of William and Charlotte Increase Rapidly William and Charlotte s grandchildren continued to marry, and at generation began to flourish. In January of 1915, Ida May married her 212 fiance, Collins. Their wedding was held in e Salt Lake Temple. In May, John Reeve s wife had a second son. In September, Ida May s older broer Lee married, also in e Salt Lake Temple, and e next mon, Ida May gave bir to William and Charlotte s ird great-grandchild, Elizabe. The next year Lee s wife had a daughter, Caryn, and Ida May had a second daughter whom she named Ida Mae. 213 By 1917, e Great War in Europe had gone on for ree years. The United States, delicately sidestepping efforts by European nations to force it to enter e war, watched e European battle rage. In April of at year, Germany sought This photo of William and Charlotte Driver came from descendants of John and Elizabe Driver. It was dated John and William had disagreements about e LDS Church. This photo, taken at e same time as e picture on e left, indicates at a serious split rumored to be between ese two Driver families was reconciled by Ida May Burton Cannon took her first son, Collins Burton Cannon, to Ogden to visit her grandmoer, Charlotte Driver, in e summer of In is precious four-generation picture are, L-R, Ida May, age 23; Charlotte, age 76; Collins, and Mary Ann Elizabe, age 52. Collins was e six great-grandchild. Ida May told her descendants at she had ree children in less an ree years to keep her husband from being drafted into e Great War. Mexico as an ally, offering to assist Mexico s recovery of territory lost in e 1850s to e US, which would include Texas, Arizona and New Mexico. When President Woodrow Wilson learned of is intrigue, he declared war on Germany. Over twenty ousand Utah soldiers helped in e war effort, including many women who served as nurses, ambulance drivers and clerical help. Charlotte joined oer Ogden citizens in support of e soldiers, knitting socks and afghans

70 214 which went to e battle front. Ogden residents planted victory gardens and raised money for e Red Cross. John Driver gave up his regular practice and joined e service, treating soldiers. 215 Charlotte s granddaughter Ida May gave bir to her ird child, a son, born e next year just before e end of e war. Ida May named him Collins Burton. 1920s Brought e Deas of William and Charlotte Driver The decade of e 1920s brought a lot of change to e Driver family. At is time William and L-R Collins Burton, Ida Mae and Elizabe Cannon in 1921, children of Ida May Burton and Collins T. Cannon and ree of Charlotte and William Driver s grandchildren. Charlotte lived alone in eir mansion in Ogden. George and his family had permanently moved to San Diego, and Ellen, who did not remarry after her husband s dea, lived in Alameda and was grandmoer to ree grandchildren. Mary Ann still lived in Salt Lake City wi her large family. She and her husband had six grandchildren. Their daughter Charlotte was now in Chicago where Frank was in general law practice. It appears at Willard and his wife had separated. He was in New Mexico and she was in Wyoming wi eir twenty-year-old son, 216 Kenne. Daughter Ida May lived in Salt Lake City wi her husband and four children, and Walter, e youngest son, lived in California wi his wife and young daughter. William Driver died in his Ogden home in 1921 at e age of 83. His wife, seven children and twenty-eight grandchildren survived him.

71 Charlotte Boulter Driver lived to be 82 years old. She was e moer of 18 children, 7 of whom lived to adulood. She fought for women s suffrage, cared for e poor and sooed e troubled roughout her life. Ogden had grown tremendously since William and Charlotte had moved ere fifty years earlier. The population was over irty ousand, and e city was a strong commercial center wi a developed infrastructure, to which bo William and Charlotte had contributed. However, ey were not inactive, even in eir old age. In 1920, William funded a new business involving finance and real estate in Ogden. Wi his wife Charlotte as vice-president and treasurer, his daughter Ida May and her husband Will Pearson and grandson John Reeve operated e company. 217 William s heal began to fail wi e effects of old age, and in May of 1921, William and Charlotte traveled to Ocean Park, hoping e warm California air would benefit William s heal. However, in at regard e trip was 218 unsuccessful and e couple returned home. A few weeks later, William slipped into a coma on a Sunday morning and died at his home at e 219 age of eight-ree. His son George, who had likely helped his moer return to Ogden wi his faer, handled William s funeral and burial, just as he had handled his faer s business when ey worked togeer. Their family gaered togeer to support Charlotte, wi Ida May Burton Cannon driving her moer, Mary Ann Elizabe, to her faer s funeral. 220 Four mons later, Charlotte hosted a party in her home where her eightie birday was celebrated by her family. Dinner was served at six o clock and musical performances followed. 221 Charlotte stayed busy and active. Late in e summer, Charlotte, now eighty, accompanied by her daughter Ida May, traveled to California to visit eir family members. A brief article was published in e society section of e Ogden Standard Examiner, Mrs. William Driver and her daughter, Mrs. William Pearson, have arrived home after a mons visit to California. They visited in Alameda wi Mrs. Driver s daughter, Mrs. Ellen E. Reeve, in Ocean Park wi her son Walter, and in San Diego wi her oldest son, George W. Driver. They arrived in San Diego during a beautiful pageant celebration and ere witnessed an elaborate display of search-light illumination by nearly a hundred U. S. war vessels and airships. Mrs. Driver enjoyed her trip very much, even ough but a short one, but was glad to be home again. Mrs. Pearson says ere was no city in California at looked so beautiful as her own home town. Two years later Charlotte visited her daughter Ida May in Chicago, staying for two mons, and en spent e winter at her home in Ocean Park. Ida May also traveled to Ogden to visit her moer, wi ese events all being written up in e society pages. 222

72 Mary Hardy Prior Driver and Charlotte Emblen Boulter Driver Die Early in 1923, Mary Hardy Prior Driver, e widow of William s broer Jesse, and who had worked faifully in e Weber Stake Relief Society, died in her home at e age of eighty-one. Later at year, Charlotte met one last time wi her Ogden friends. Her neighbor and close friend Bera Eccles hosted a luncheon in honor of Charlotte before she left to spend e winter in California wi her daughter Ida May. Shortly after arriving, Charlotte died of a stroke at her home in 223 Ocean Park at e age of eighty-two. Her body was brought back to Ogden and buried next to William, in e same plot where seven of eir babies were buried, near a big Driver granite marker. Wiin a few years after Charlotte s dea, e newly created Eighteen Ward purchased eir property, meeting in e home for several years until a chapel was built. 224 Dr. John Driver was often seen riding around Ogden on a bike, even into his old age. William and Charlotte Driver are buried in e Ogden City Cemetery. Five of eir eighteen children are buried in is plot, including Willard who died in Five infants and Mary Ann Elizabe are buried in e Salt Lake City Cemetery. Their son Willie, who suffered a tragic accident, was buried in e Atlantic Ocean during eir 1866 crossing. Sadly, a series of deas in e family occurred during ese years. Ellen s oldest son John, married wi two children, died of heart problems at e age of irty-seven. In 1924, Mary Ann Elizabe s husband Joseph 225 Fielding Burton died of Parkinson s disease at e age of sixty-two, and William and Charlotte s son Willard died in New Mexico at year at e age of sixty-one. Mary Ann Elizabe died in 1930 after suffering many 226 years wi rheumatoid arritis. Ellen continued to live in California, dying ere in William s broer John, e last of e children of George and Mary Driver, remained very active, alough he had retired. He kept a garden and was still strong enough to chop trees for firewood. He was wellknown for biking around town. While he suffered financially during e market crash of 1929, he was honored by e state for his medical service. Wi his savings gone, he told his children, I can t leave you money or 227 riches, but I can leave you an honored name. He died in 1936 in 228 Ogden at e age of eighty-seven. Charlotte and her husband Frank Schoonover settled in Fort Wor where ey died at e ages of eighty-seven and ninety-two, respectively. Ida May and her husband Will Pearson died in California, she at age seventy and he at age sixty-four. Walter and his wife Jennie also died in