~1~1 I ~;/ II"::' I ~')' I', !~i~r. jim. ~:r : k' I.'.~ l~ d' !~1 ~f, i <, ': \; ~~I' », I:', .r~}i ""'" !ij 11;1 , '\ J. ",,;.J

Transcription

1 ;/ P J: i : : \; iu _ };;!H\ ::i jim :: r}!ir :!;!>!!!: i:- fi o;! il: :-;;; - F he enire foo can go ino hem; he bridle was a scarf of silk and from he poins of he saddle cloh hung a long silken cord and assel Alogeher his geup was such ha any knigh migh be proud o moun such a seed He was following a handsomely decoraed llorimon whose occcupan was shielded from view He mus have been some grea personage for his passing seemed o cas a sudden spell upon he crmvd in he sree A grea silence fell upon hem; all employmen was sopped and many of he people hasily re-enered heir houses and closed hem as a warning shou announced he / grea man These shous \Vere from wo heralds running ahead wih heads bared crying co Shia ni iro (Down wih you) and insanly all who were in sigh fell down on all fours and remained hus \unil he corege had passed These men were follow:d by soldier! armed wih lances wih lacquered scabbards and swords suck in heir wais bels The heavy lorimoncame nex borne 011 he shoulders of four powerful men followed by four more o relieve hem; hen came he horse and numerous reainers hink he baggzge and many of he reainers mus hav<:: gone on ahead in he morning for he corege was no as lage as usual Such Sighs as his are geing o be a ;veekly occurrallce and foreigners vhe me are scowled upon as he commones dog 1 in he sree NOTE:-Soon afer his we were warned no o go on he Tokaido for a week as rbe Shogun himself would be passing :}Vechadpconen ourselves wih peeping a his majesy hrough ;(hc:;rees and nndei-bush of a hill overlooking he sree and hen saw only he op of his norimod bu also saw he greaes crowd and he leas confu lion we ever willessed ill Knnagawn; i vas as solemn a a funern ; \ \ f J ) fr l i 11;1 1 j d ;i / ; r n 11!1 f i;ifl il L-CTTCR V KANAGAWA 5TH DAY OF nie 5TH MOTH have recenly received a leer from one whom lef a wee mie of a girl and i makes me feel like Oliver Twis- wan more of he same sor will say o her and o all my lile friends ha hey do a good missionary work in hus rying o cheer he missionaries; alhough hey are in no danger of being eaen by barbarians ye hey are almos daily carved up for dinner by he various merchans who resde here They have no love for us or confidcnc: in he resuls of our vork Our repuaion has suffered far more from hem han from he heahen of his place Bu we pay lile aenion o heir alk knowing ha such alk usually rebounds upoil he paries indulging in i have found he way ObD happy and conened is o follow a line of sric reciude and usefulness never minding he sones flung a one from ouside paries have abundan proofo-day of how he Japanese paren srives o culivae perseverance and noble aspiraio1)s in his child; as look from my windo- can coun hundreds of all slim poles high up in he air wih huge paper fishes aached o hem by cofds These fish arehollbw and when he wind blows hey become inflaed and wriggle around very much as a real fish would Bu wha does all his mean? you ask means ha i is he boys birhday in Japanand haall he boys have heir birhdays celebraed a one and he same ime and his is N6E;-A few yer laer wlie my firs son was born in AmeriCa a Japanese friend sen a porcelain fish all he way across he sea as an expression of his congraula ions rj J ;J r2 i < Y :r :» : k W l d li1 L f 1 i i 1!ij ;

2 r: i [ e i r &- :; : : 66- heir wayof doing i There is a very prey and noble idea conneced wih i The fish represened by his paper is he carp which is able o swim swifly agains he curren and o surmoun waerfalls; by his fish he parens mean o emind he young people and especially he boys ha hey expec hem like he carp o surmoun difficulies and obsacles o success and prosperiy and in order o his a grea: amoun of courage energy and perseverance are necssary as well as a cool head selfpossession and self-conrol Do you no hink he idea a good one and ha we may afer all learn somehing from hese ea: ern naions? These emblems or flags are kep floamg a week or so and his occasion is called he Feas of Flags is usual o send around o friends apr(:!sen of a large fish on a hanqsome ray _ The girls in Japan are by no means overlooked The hird day of he hird monh is he Jime for he hina masuri This is he day especially <ievoed o girls and called he girls birhday; in some foreign books i is called he Feas of Dolls as every respecable family has a number of hese splendidly dressed images (minaure images of he Mikado and he Empress) which are from 4 inches o a foo in heigh When a daugher has been bqrn in he house during;he previous year; a pair of hina ordollimages are purchased for he lile girl; wih which she amuses herself unil grown up; and when shejs-married her hina are aken wih hrlo her husbands house and are given o her chilc;iren ; addiug :_he sock as he famhyi in crses;:: Thesar kep velysc!cregl )md ran;:ly <:d lspll-yed: cexp;ii1::h:n;l11h :Beside hese irriages 9fh::EllPr{)( a:ld gr<!warri9rs hey he moi ;c9qjnj:)1::aqufiwhdi hei:an use :a any:ime;->:: L: ;; ;; ;>; ;; x i -: \ - \ l li 1\ { i f 1;1!!J li;j \1 Ak ;f : ( < > f:;\c /il J;; c ::11: i f :>k -11\ 1«; ::c On his occasion he girls have-heir hair dressc:d he face washed clean and hen he face and neck are whiened wih powder and he lips pained red and gay clohing pu on Then hey sally forh wih heir baledoo and shulecock ino he sree where meeing wih oher children games are formed and hen are hey merry all he day long n fac beginning wih he firs of he year here are a number of games and spors peculiar o his ime n January hey decorae heir gaeways wih green and send around N ew Year cards as we do a home imiaing hem and many of he high officials go ou calling while all business is suspelldecifor several days The girls dressed in heir bes robes and girdles wih powdered faces and pained lips ill hey resemble he peculiar colors seen :ona beeles wing and heir hair arranged ill he mos aracive coiffure are clear ou in he middle of he sree; playing baledore and shulecock They play no only in wos and hrees bu also in circles The shulecock is a large round seed ofen gilded suck wih feahers arang ed like he peals of a flower The baledore is a vooden ba one side of which is bare wood while he oher has he raised effigy of some hero or popular acor: The: girls evidenly appreciae his gameas i gives abundan opporuniy o display heir figure and dress Those who fail in he game ofen have heir (aces marked wih i!k or a circle drawn arord1heir eyes) The boys sing a song ha he wind may blow so ha hey may fly heir kies ; ;he>gh::ls Sillg3s6ngliCl ina:ybecalm so ha heir shulecocksmayfly:sraigh The girls play alsoahisirnewil1aball made ofc6on or-silk cord;-coveredehiboraely :Wih many srands of brigh pari;coloredsilk/;his amusemen lass ill he J ra Vi (1i :l i i il l- / : l L$ 1- i [1 h ]! l (j r ; ::- ij! Lii ; =f!jj

3 i!l:; ; ; : 1 ) : :;; ill; f J l <i fj!fu M )F ih i\ w: ;i i li\ j f f rn\:! : < Ji!:< liilf ::Jr1;- H!nr: illi} fif [<14\11! ik;{ f: i-!! li \-\l - :: -;-) !: regular kie season comes During he high winds of February and March is he mos favorable ime forhe:kie flying and here are few spors in which Japanese boys ake greaer deligh :--hey are made yery large and i akes quie a srong man o adjus and regilae heir moions when up in he- air One ofen sees a leas half he communiy ou o winess he upward fligh of one of hese immense dragons bas cenipedes or birds as he case may be They are made of ough paper pased on a frame of bamboo sicks and represen hese various hngs hough hey are ofen: only of a recangular shape Many of hem have a hin ense ribbon of whal: bone a he op of he kie which vibraes in he wind making a loud humming noise The boys frequenly name heir kies; each conesan elideavors o desroy ha of his rival For his pur- pose he sring for en or weny fee; near he kie \ end is firs covered wih glue and hen dipped ino \ pounded glass by which he sring becomes covered wih iny blades each able o cn quickly anddeep ly By geing he kie in proper posiion and suddenly sawing he sring of his anagonis he severed kie falls o be claimed by he vicor < The Japanese have a grea variey of ops and fheywind and hrow hem in a manner somewha differen from ours The objec is o damage his adversarys op or make i Cease spinning \\Talking J _ on sils is very usual wih he boys; and on hese ljcy play games and run races Anoher game is J blind hlansbiff; hey also play wih popguns and blowguns and iri \viner hey villroll he snow _up and forlt fors or make a snowman; quickly meled ih:he sunshine :::;- c- ; :!h -sno\vmenareusually in:he form o(fdaru-: ma a disciple of Buddha; who by long mediaion - - > /!f n H ll la q i i\!! li ::f ;\ ;-1 ; i: :\:l 4C i :!C:c ;; ; j :L i1 : L -;: - 6)- in a squaing posiion los his legs from wan of circulaion; hey shriveled lip and decayed Someimes insead of a snowman a peculiar shaped dog is formed; once saw quie a spiried figh from a for by some lile urchins was held by one sou lile fellow he smalles bu braves -of he pary The res peled him well bu he kep hem all a bay by geing up ino a corner of he fence and firing he balls as fas as hey could be made; a las he oher bgys grew ired of he spor and lef him in possession of he for The games of c1! c;:ers cs and backgam!!lon are also known here hough hey are played a lile differenly from our way Usually here are a greaer number of pieces Some of he games are naional and are indulged ill by all classes; ohers are educaional; played by sudens_ To boys who are eager o become proficien ill Chinese i ofen acs as an incenive o be old hey canno play he game ye bu afer a cerain aainmen in scholarship hey will enjoy i The characer of he childrens plays and heir encouragemen by he parens have hink much o do wih ha frankncssaffecion and obedience on he par of he children and ha kind J ness and sympahy on he par of he parens which is so noiceable in he Japanese The-lile acrobas or umblers pelform asonishingly well here and si:ee hearicals are common ill which men and boys dq SOQle crediable acing chiefl yin comedy _ n every Japanese ciy here are hundreds of men and -womenwho:obain-alivelihood by-amusing: childrelland no wonder Japan has goen - he sobiique of The Paradise for Babies We find i alsoacongenialabode for: older children who < love play The conrsbe\veen China and Japan in his resp is very marked; he Chinamenare oo- f ii : r : in r r : r-; L i hi (1 11 ; i : f:j 1 00(

4 r - i{ik D!;i! f: m: m ;; i; :i;) fi: i i1!1 f1fi j llni ; ;! < iflf l :r! ir; :- llr [!k; ll[i ; L {Hi } sedae and dignified o indulge in amusemen; or ahleic exercise Their classics each ha play is unprofiable; hence hey have he solid sober and phlegmaic physique and characer probably sronger and more o be depended ori when moved o a change of opinion bu cerainy no as agreeable and impressionable Nor is he Japanese mind so enhralled and paralysed by supersiion as o preven all modern improvemen The Chinese pull down he elegraph poles and wires and will n6 have railroads because forsooh hey would;be sure o approach heir graveyards or disurb he fung \ shlley he spiris of wind and waer which pass over he graves of heir ancesors ; Bu he Japanese havea singular belief abou dreams; hey hink a dream is an ac of he soul As soon as a person falls asleep he soul leaves he body and goes ou o play f anyone is awaken5!d violenly and suddenly; he will die because his soul X being a a disance canno reurn o he body before \ he is awakened The soul in heir esimaion is somehing like a seed-a small round dark subsance A Japanese will never sleep wih his head owards he norh bu \\illalways ry o face he eas n hoels diagrams of he cardinal poins of he compass are ofen pu up o accommodae ravellers; nor will hey build a huuse froning o he norh else i will soon be desroyed This is he quarer in which evil lurks and is called he devils gae The houses of ordinary Japanese (of all excep in large ciies) arecovered wih rice sraw wo or ; hre!! fee hick: which we ; -<:alla;ahached roof These roofs almos iilvariably have heir ridge coveredwiha1ile \ earh and apeculiar kind of:gmss; callei:l hinode ;This hey hink; mus no be pulled ou howeve1 large i grows else he ; ( lw: :\:; :-o-:_--- -_* r - < ; : ;/11 f {: i :ui iji li n ;_! i : [ ij f i! \ i i a:! J J:! H rr i: :m S :;;i 1 J f house will ake fire \Vih us a lamb is he emblem) of mildness; wih he Japaneseof supidiy or even of obsinacy is considered a complimen o be called a goose as ame geese are seldm seen here and he wild goose is one of he swifes mos graceful and aler of birds Bu he mos wonderful bird is he Japanese phoenix Have ever seen one? No is visis are rarer han angels since i appears on earh only a millennial inervals or a he birh of some grea man This like he Chinese dragon is a fabulous creaure and all represenaions of i seem o be a combinaion of he pheasan and peacock As i flies so graceful are is movemens ha a hos of birds follow i The ombs of he Shoguns have elaborae represenaions ori and he new nd old paper currency likewise bears is image as i does also ha of he monsrous dragon n carvings on ombs dwellings emples governmen documcns;musical insrumens in high relief on bronzes cuin sone meal and wood he dragon everywhere swings he scaly horrors of his folded ail whisks his long mousache or glares wih his errible eyes Kohillg inspires such awe and error among he children of Japan unless i be he wind andhuilder god Before many of he emples here are ofen colossal figures represening a monsrous semi-feline creaure wih he face of a man and having a eas ail holding an enormous bag of compressed air over his shoulder This is he wind god :rwhen he loosens a lile his hold on one of:he closed ends of he bag he breezes blow;when he>parly::opel1s i: a gale arises i_whenhe removes Jisha:nd;;e have he ornado yphoon alld cyclole > whicha:reocommo}l here The hunder god locks likea human dwarf having he claws and ail of a> ca He carries over his headiriasemi;circle la1f ;r! :1 l l b V!n D J r i-:!! l ; f kl [OJ J ;l( e!j 1;( f i < j l r: : lr; :- rl i k J:-: r r- i ri Ci J (

5 -r:c - f -- : i r ;i{l: /1\ :\ L : 1d C :;) j :mf 1 iij J:; ilh l; 1;(:: -in/ jq cil!l f[ ]j: qih fk > ; ;; li!lll 2; ffi ; L 1; 72 - dozen or more small drums By sriking and raling hese drums he makes J:hunde! Wih us i is no you know he hunder ha srikes and does harm bu he lighning; he populm: belief among he Japanese however is ha he hwlder no only srikes bu kills And when he lighning is seen o da! from he skies and srike an objec he hunderca leaps up or is hurled a he vicim hiding iself in he ground Jf a paw or any par ofa ca is found afer a hunder sorm i is riumphanly exhibied as a silencing proof ha i came from he Clouds during he sorm Mos of he cas here are illess ; large glossy fa and lazy and do no ge heir living by caching ras n fac he ras are nearly as large as hey are so pussy knows beer han o aack hem so we are lef o!heir mercy and we find hem very merciless verily believe we would be someimes carried off bodily if an occasional weasel did no corne o our rescue Why he cas are wihou ails has never been saisfacorily explained For he same reason suppose ha he lile black-and-whie shaggy poodle has a pug nose These animals boh are made grea pes of and are ofen dressed wih a brigh ribbon aboll he neck aild a pinafore round he body besides A few foreign dogs are here and hey wih he dd wolf-like creaures ha he people have as scavengers make he nigh hideous by heir howls and sharp barking; as foreigners usual ly speak o heir dogs by saying come here he people hink :ha is he name for dog in our )anguage;adofex; say o eachoher HoY\ fas \ ha comehele runs : jr :Now mus en you abou he earhgmke fish: h(!n 1 shall have shown youabjlhalf of our Japanesemenagerie and will save he res i:1l1 you ; i r; = : :-_ \ \ \ T ql ir 1 i! 1 d H o! i1 H i! ;1 L: A L j : i f: -; answer his leer The jishin uwo he Japanese believe o be a huge fish abou 2 miles in: lengh; his fish according o heir belief srikes he shore or ocean boom in is gambols or in is wrah and makcs he ground and rocks o remble n imes of grea danger i no only causes he solid earh o quiver and crack leveling houses ill ruin and engulfing mol{nains bu also arching is back i piles he waers ino one huge wave which i drives inland engulfing all before and leaving error and calmiy behind This monser has been on a rampage several imes since we have been here On oile occa5ion i caused our old emple rafers o groan and creak so ha we were glad o escape by he back door 011 anoher occasion boh he genlemen in he house ran ou leaving me alone vas no much flighened or should have gone oo 1 hink now ha one can ge used q anyhing since have become used o seasickness and earhquakes; i e: have goen over allowing myself o be driven ino paroxysms of fear and error by hese phenomena of naure over which know my Faher has perrec conrol and can say a any ime Thus far shal hou go and no furhcr Bu o hese poor ignoran peasan people who have no religion bu ha of paganism armed wih no weapons of science scnghened wih no knowledge of he loving Faher o soohe heir erroris i any wonder ha he creaures of heir own ij1aginaion are a necessiy o heir minds o explain hese wonderful phellomenaof naure? Modem science is doing wha i can o enlighen he darkened inellec olhis people ye he con-:-: inued recurrerice of hese desrucive evens will long reard he roarchof mind and keep alive supersiionswhichcailllo \\Tholly be drivenou! f 1 1>< r:t : \:; :ii : :- ;; ; r: r:! i> f r! :! hl p! n h l u h n f ;f i -

6 r ;:: Hl J ) F i _ i ) C(i: i:c/ :i!: ;;:; : :? - J l ;k > :n k l: - 74 unil hey undersand God The aspec of naure in Japan is such as o influence he mind of he people o an e}-en bu fainly realized by one born in a foreign land n he firs place he foundaions of he land are very shaky Then: can be no real esae in Japan; for one knows no bu he whole counry may be engulfed in waers ou of which i once emerged { Earhquakes av!age wo a monh and even a hunared a monh have been known Naional alllnals ell us of many a own and village engulfed; floods of rain causing dreadful landslides and inundaions are by no means rare And no only does he: wind empes arise o wreck and drown bu he idal wave is an ever possible visior Once or wice a year he yphoons someimes he mos desrucive agency in he dreadful caalogue mus be looked for: And he overwhelming volcanoes are by no means exinc Seeing hen ha we are living 011 he brink of a possible desrucion which is made so evidero is is i any wonder ha we should ask your remembrance of us and his people yers; wih more han usual fervor? L&TTeR V KANAGAWA JAPAN M l(56 -e-:- 1 : JULY 1862 i;(;ij:; : :;:;: y: rs;leer:ffomhor::ceivedlas i:onh dih:r :wasa gre even 111 my Japan Me lacedhke a ih; : :: lilechild/ rullningabou he mission compound :m J2; ;:adredirigoevery: ;>le a!heni nws from he : :1:iJb;e -Souh OC:oufselconallled hle news of a fl l:li/:}:c {J::>u1ic paure;havingo run:helockade; bu i jf :;«;;:: \ ssuredm! ha he ;lnmaes of my old home d fi -< \ iii ;: ] l p ; no yebeellmolesed and ha you were a1l well and prosperous which was a grea relief o my mind Bu i-spoke of some sad changes in he neighbourhood which have o lamen Now Aun mus ell you of he lile palefaced baby who has come o cheer our loneliness :- Anoher lile wave upon he sea of life; Anoher soul o say- amhl is <oil and srife; Two more lil fee o walk he dusy road; To-choose where wo pahs mee he narrow and he broad: Two mole lile hands o work lor good or ill; ; Two more lile eyes ano her lile will; Anoher hear o love receiving love :gain; And so he baby came-ll hing of joy and pain On he:26h of las monh Dr Hepburn brough her o me and asked me wha should be her name? allsweredimmediaely Carrie Virginia for my siser anduaive sae; bu her papa afervards called her Elizabeh so we shall have her chris- - 18/1- ened some day Carrie Elizabeh The las five - monhs have been very rying oues o me For luee monhs before he baby came had an invalid lady and genleman from Shanghai who came up here o recrui There was so lile ha we could ge here in he way of palaable food for dyspepics alid so few hings in he house wih which o make hem Comforable liad he chagrin of knowing ha failed mos miserably; for poor Mrs K would ofen say ome he las monh she was heregrowing worseflu he il11e i do no blame flll my ;rlear; bu indeed feel ha meagre Japan is sarving {::i1e ;: l:vasareli!fomeo see herhusbf-ndcary her o111bdardship-forcalifornia Twas sqmuch iii hopes he -Sea voyage would srenghen her and he \ c c1imaehee;;belleher::bu we have jus heard ha shedied wo;clays :afer reaching here :She will besadlini in: China; where she had been f \:; -:n/ : m::!j f ;}- L!:r :1 r \! ;: M H : r J r:1 il -! ::i j s j!!l ;- \ ;LL 11 ;

7 ; : c - - ll:;;r lf: : : i:: <\ : l :j i! iz ; ) : :? *!1; :\ M : :4F :f1i <rhi p i E i: li! r ) ri; for welve years an efficien missionary Her hus band sared wih her remains via Panama in he ill-faed seamer New York which was burned a few days before reaching he por of P-anamalVrany of he passengers were saved and alhough Mr K was urged o ge ino he lifeboa he pushed ohers forward unil here was no room for him in he boa and wih he corpse was burned in sigh of his naive land The anxiey of waiing on her my firs paien was a rial o me a ha ime and laer before was scarcely able o leave my room came amissionarys son o board wih us; and wo oher young missionaries wish o come soon as hey are wihou a home; moreover we have jus received a leer from some friends in Canon who wish o come o Japan for he summer The leer \vas wrien o he Browns bu as hey already have a family from China and heir own family is large we shall have o ake hem which we cando by \ sending he bachelors o a small emple o lodge \ : wish hey colljd wai ill 1 ge a lile sronger; bu guess hey dare no wai ; for he weaher is iilensely ho eveil here and mus be worse in China l\y poor lile babe mus hink his world a rying place vve canno ge suiable food for her; as he Japanese do no use milk; l:have 6 feed her on ea and ricewaer unil we can make up our minds o ge a wenurse Then a nigh her res is broken for i is oo ho o!lay in bed and i is almos a he peril of ourlives ha we ge up ; for hemonsrous:mosquioes swarm around ready o ake a nip; as soon as we pu ournoses ouside he ne Mr Bhas been axing his ingenuiy o erec lile e of mosquioneing inheiing r<?om ( for us o Sl under; hrough he dayrancl place her f crib The old empleis;solarge and; dark hey!: : < ; :< i r [ i ; l > ; -77- have good chances of hiding from us in he dayime else we would make war and endeavor o exirpae hem have undressed baby hree imes oday OJ hun for fleas which are also a grea nuisance Baby and ook a ride yeserday he consuls wife sending her edan chair for us o use o go up and ake lunch wih h(!m They also live in a emple a some disance from us n going here we cross over he low fla rice fields now a sea of living green waving o and fro wih he wind; hen up a lile ascen ono a plaeau which in he wes would be called a flower garden so rich is i wih rare 1;ldwers and evergreens Here my coolies res and hike breah for he seeper ascen while even baby snuffs in he cool and graeful breezes vve enjoy our baske-carriage very much and wish he disance were greaer o prolong ollr pleasure very much fear shall no be able o ake a horseback ride for some ime; and my princely Donald will gro\ lazy or skiish afer so long a res He has a brigh inelligen eye and arching neck and sllch a dainy horougbred air need no be old ha he once belonged o he royal family of Japan suppose you will be puzzled o know which hink he mos of; my pony or my baby since 1 speak wih as much enhusiasm of one as of he oher Well hey boh have heir place in my affecions bu for fear you will hink am now neglecing baby by wriing such a long leer will assure you she is safe asleep and njoying a fine nap Afer we had finished lunch was glad when he c()[1sul:swife proposehisroll o an old monaery llear heri:l;sowe se: ou-baby and sill in he cpir This<riioflasery is abou 200 ye;lrsold and J:1as-quie a riuinber of priess and acolyes and selldsforh amimbel: ofmendican riars: hrough ;; : g:# :$ jl1) i H P in: )-- i w ; ro ; i r f:i li ] hi!! r ;i i ; r :: f

8 Wn EF-OO:ff Vli&e?fi!W:\r:f1191einmm - C;f: n%!wiyg e&j&w<il s; mer i&fvmmwpiw#r\\) : l!r/!/:i ill: i 1 ;jli : : i!\ qr: dl <\ ;!J i! \ ;i!f; :; c fi V: 1; - :q; lk ;l!r : f1hf\ _ )l;!il;( ;iurr liih (- ::;H C!!1 L ; W : H;ill ;:\l\: 7T _ :::: :i::_:_ -:_:_ he counry every year The emple is beauifully siuaed hiving a whole hillside erraced and doed OVer wih larg: buildings and evergreen foliage of all kinds from grand old pines o-grassy banks; which make i an aracive place for youh picnics &c n fac naure has done so murh for his ernple in is secluded isolaion from he noise and commoion of ciy life ha mehinks is acolyes mus be a dip darker in supersiion han is usual The dense foress of balmy pines oak and bamboo sriped grass and caci which surround i leaves no place fr he exercise of he horiculural skill wllch is usually expended on grounds in his land keeping hem aracive by dwarfed rees in everyimagina- ble shape rare plans arificial ponds and miniaure mounains Such hings would be ou of place in his grand wood This is a fesivalday here and Kanagawaand all he region round; is ou in ali is \ gaiey o do honor o hee gods The walk leading \ up o he emple is en fee wide-of hewn sone ; on eiher side of i here are oday many lile boohs having for sale abundance of oys dolls and everyhing o deligh he eye of children On grea masuri or religious holidays he hrong of gaily dressed humaniy of all ages is asonishing lhave hearp halone canno judge fairly oljapanese life ilrl1e has winessed a 11aS1lri There is nohing however in he Japanese mindiu his associaion;af emple and oyshop Lhave seen-i saed ha he; goad bonzes in Jheir sermons declare as he resul folhein exegeis/ ha hu$ban9s- ;re::l?:()undo Elovec eiwives: arid Qshowii:cby allowing hem pleny olpinmoney and lajrpins >The farmer: who: brings Jris daugherrirns-froin:praycr Wih; isimli on;;:his face o purchase pamam oraniin-orfor;;her; e(ea!! everykindof:gmeoy ; lar pinamens:;: :: - ; - : :- ;:: -:; : ; : :> ; ;> \ _--C-_ ( r : ll r l: :; :; i ; Ji:! :) :! -e:!i; < ell ;- \ : : i l i - 1 ::j: b i ;c ;;;;; combs rare and beauiful cheap and plain; crepes for he neck; obi for he wais; shoes sandals sraw ropes and paper umbrellas; besides srings of beads for prayer ; gads of lead brass and wood; shrines and family alars; prayer books sacred bells and candles n one of he boohs was he savory odor of baking spongecake kasuera as he people call i; griddle cakes roasing nus and he disgusing smell of frying fish There were wo lile fellows pulling away a a rope of barley sugar candy and down on he ground was all old woman arid a young girl selling wha seemed o be lile slips of frayed wood which dropped ino warm waer would open ino shapes of various kinds someimes a flower;a bird a ree or all animal So much for he exenor leading o he emple should ha:ve cl ha he enrance o his walk has he usual orii animmense sone crosspiece resing on ops of wo greaer columns of sone Near he seps leadingo he emple is a huge lavaory where he people wash heir hands and rinse he mouh before going o worship; and in he enc1osureof he grounds here is a large frame of wood on which arehungables inscribed wih he name af giver and he sum of money canribued for any: emple or given o he common cause One five and en riyo are common gifs Several old womenhave sands a which hey sellroased beans baked peas nd balls ofrice cndy These are kep : eal;ly irsmallpaperbags he devoed buy hem :alld::hrowheluo he>doudsof pigeons ha are \yaiirig on he emple rooland fly whirling down o fec:d:these;pigeons have heir houses no only wihou;cbu ofen wihin:he emple; even over:he alar bf he grshaj{:4 The mosimposillg feaure ofajaples\empl i;:eroof; -of riassi Ve qlack - :; i ;<: :i :::r:i;::\ - : : :1 1 r ;; ;: r; l jj y- ; i i i J 4 f i f A ;

9 fi f i:) <fl \ :f: i ;:: f;4!: ; 1 (;!!!i if;;; j ;J:: f: i r w :l!: ji J!:: 1 1l f:!?] ( :\ ll ll;i\!iil:l :;; 1 > :V :i!ii ill; lll} i!il: (! >lf 1fir ii:li\ il u ;ii( >--- q> iles sweeping up in a parabolic curve which make eaonnous gables a he sides One is impressed wih he solidi v of he imbers in hese roofs which are fied ino each oher srongly buloosely and defy he yphoon and earhquake in a manner ha recalls lesops fable of he oak and he reed Then we enered he emple by ascending seps o he broad porch and here we saw ino he grea building which is neiher consecraed nor clean N 0 feclil of reverence came over our spiris or ha of hoseilassembled here Each worshiper before praying makes a heave offering of a handful of cash ino a huge coffer before he alar; anoher hrows wha we should call a spiball agains he screen of wire in fron of he idol He has wrien ou his peiion on i chews i o a pulp and hrows i a he idol; if-i sicks ha is an :Ori1en of good Someimes he images in he ouer shrines- are speckled all over wih hese spiballs Before \ he alar are many persons bowing wih heir palms ogeher muering a shor prayer and when heir worship is over hey urn and mix wih he gay crowd ouside There was one old woman wih sore eyes and ail ugly skin disease \vhoused a sring 9f beads like he Roman Caholics She was very devoed and much in earnes; when finishing her prayer a he main alar she urned o a side shrine where he ugly and wornou god Bin Tzuru one:: o BUddhaS original 16 disciples sa wih lsmeared visage and nose rubbed off She rubbed he diry wooden head and limbsand hen applied he supposed virue she had receiveduponher own eyes and limbs; Poor soul! longed o poin her o he only rue physician On: a frame by he oor hung many cues of hair; arid a few braids of ;womenslonghairc;u off on accoun of <yows { < - <!l \ r -:;:1 :j [ -# 81 - offered o he gods Above he alar are fine painings of angels-;:buddhis angels are always feminine By he side of he alar are gil images of all he deiies sages and sains; i seems o me in he Buddhis panheon Candlesburn wihin in handsome bronze candelabra; incense smoke is coninually rising The gongs of he priess and heir sacred books are also ill his place; bu he odors and smoky amosphere is almos sifling So we leave he emple and ascend he seps glad o ge ino he fresh air and enjoy he naural beauy S0 lavishly displayed here As we wind up he hillside filled wih he cloisers of he monks o he reired and well sored library on he hillop we bless he God of naure who has so caused us o oiffer From he pen-up closeness of he priess emple ino he boundless freedom of Gods glorious creaion whaa blessed change and how much more blessed i would be o lose he chains of hose who are so bound by priescraf avarice and blinding [ supersiion and le hem go free ino he ful11ibery of him who said By fail ye are saved LTTiR V TEMPLE OF MOSQUTOES SEPTEMBER 7h7862 -As auumn came on supposed we should have some relief from our persecuors he mosq ui oes hu wha ismy consernaion o find hem coming hicker and larger and more venomo1ls in heir bie! DrH gives me hehope ha:a he end ofhis monhheywilldisappear seems o me ge{ nol!ingdo}ehesehomonhshu wash and dress baby and keep her as comforable as can Babies make sag havoc of missionary aspiraions;ll 1 : if: o j: f iji 1; ; p: :! : 1 ;\ ; ; i :! : r H i f ; fl! : i :1 ( 1 i! \l 1 r i : :f! :; i

10 ;: i!ij{: ; j :: :1 fil :0 1!i:r fil; :1 -i ; : -! l\j r; f _ ;;1 jl! : :ii :4!l; fi -li ;lli- fl l ll l!-; ill :;1: lf! ll i W --!: 1i l lii! \( -:-c-:01-y vvhy expeced o have a parcel of lile ragged children around me eaching hem by his ime; bu have no looked ino a Japanese book for hree mcl;ll:hs was beginning o read he characer prey 1 well before baby came bu since have been up we have had so much company ha have had o ake more han my usual share of he housekeeping Besides have had very sore eyes caused by lacqler poison This has caused me much suffering and he docor advised me o bahe hem in waer as ho as could sand i Bu here comes a leer from dear cousin Lizzie which is very comforing and newsy and do hank her for he morsel of news she passed on from he Souh Yes i is hard for flesh and blood o resign counry and friends mus have been hard for Abram o go ou according o Gods word; i mus have been hard for him o ake his knife o slay his son; i mus have been hard for Moses o resign he pleasures and honor of he Egypian cour bu by faih he obeyed and received he \ reward So i was hard for me-almos hearcrushing-o go ou from my frieads when rouble was brooding so gloomily over he counry and we could already hear he muerings of he sorm which was o break wih merciless energy on heir dear heads Thus far God has graciously susained my faih bu each mail as hope for leers and receive none my hear is becoming sick wih hope deferred Truly he love of Chris con sraineh me o be here bu he hear someimeg g rows famand fhespm weary; hen he cloud of nesses; and Ulejiildrn1e 01 promisesand he race o Him who is ever wih His people renews and sainshe affecions and he will Her ssage herefore came jus a herigh ime; for llly hear was fain and famishing for ne\vs; Mr? - - ; / \ rl 1 j ; r r 1: ii s Hs moher ofen sends us scraps of news received hrough Lynchburg bu i is unsaisfacory and wha migh have happened while ha was coming? Bu mus no rouble you wih my gloomy fordoings else you whl hink ha am no happy here Yes indeed am happy and 01eimes almos fear oo happy 1i he noble compalllon God [ has given o guide me hrough life vve ofen 1 speak of our pl:aan siion and wonder when (;he rials of mssonary lfe Wll come Bu us reminds me you complain in your leer of hearing so lile of our life ha you canno see us as we live a all When you marry ha missionary and come ou o he Eas o live you will Undersand he difficuly of paining a picure of Easern domesic life for vvesem eyes :oappreciae To speak plainly lack he power o pain o you hings are hey really exis We breah a differen amosphere from yours; is peculiaries are lio ransferable-a leas by my pen and only speak of hem ha you may know missionaries are no exemp from hem and how hey are lifed above hem f aemp o presen hem hey fall in f 1(:1 1: - }\;T :i i c i 4 J <! -::::J ( d disored shapes on your vision have fel his fac mos painful1y in leers o all my friends; bu snce you desire i will ry o give you a descrip-i lon o he homes of some of he lower class; for he ;) beer class aways su:round heir houses by high J; walls n he Cy and n he counry by hck close ;i edg es and in villages b y all black fen ces and f we have no ye made bold enough o ge access ; p fhem;::i\v e hoighbes o :ry o gain heir f! confidence and hus break down he feeling of reserve and pr ejudice; bu we are hopinghe ime ; will soon come when we may visi hem freely n : he homes of hese villagers he family usually ;:; - Ji J fip

11 ; : 7_ - ;! :f: :: - - -; - _ } : l:: : - _- i;:r- ji i - h;: r ;1n j 1 ;1 0; 1! ii!:i : f\ l ;il r:; \ill l :;:: : - 4 consiss of he older couple wih he eldes son his wife and children as he always inheris he homesead he duy of caring for he parens always falls o him The houses of he people and heir cusoms are novel and very srange o me ye someimes a fain recollecion of his and ha makes me hink W11Y hs is failiar; where could1 hav seen anyhmg like i? and hen know musl: ( have been when was reading my Bible a home 1 see much o illusrae many passages in he Jlible; espcially he dress and cusoms of le people; bu no as much as J \yould sec if were some oher par of he Eas The dress of he Japanese consiss of several long loose robes confined a he wais by a girdle; and i is difficul for a newcomer o disinguish he sexes excep by looking a he head The men have a shor cue which hey urn up on op of he head while he women dress heir hair very elaboraely always making use of a airdresser is firs profusely oiled he mos usual oil being ha made from he seed of he camelia japonica which is a large nu This oil gives a beauiful gloss o he hair bu o me he odor is inensely disagreeable The hair is hen combed sraigh back and spread ou on a slnall cushiono make a remendous chignon This by young ladies is varied by dividing he hair and making loops like a bowkno in which is placed a long orriamenal hairpin and some brigh colored ;c::repe :There are varieies of hese knos according o age iiid rank ;:he ObaSans or grandmohers ake he lile hair lef o hem and spread i over an oblong cushion on he op of he head Of course afer all he ime and money spen in :arranginghe hair he umos care is akenno o qisurbhel?ose of hese lile cushions; hence no - \ < 4 / \ \ - -:----- r f 11: :! i :1) i - i l f i covering 011 he head is used by day and a small wooden pillow curved o fi ino he neck wih a roll of paper or sofcoon on he op of i is always used a nigh; so ha he hair looks well for several days wihou being rearranged n he coldes weaher in aking a journey a long piece of modes crepe is hrown over he head and parly over he face; crossing in fron i is aken behind and ied The men use a hood of quiled silk They also in shaving consider a barber indispensible :ojote: -This was my husbnn<is 30h birhday and our baby vas bapized On his day by he Rev Samucl i{ Brown in he presencc of O\lr beloved physician Dr Hepburn and Dr Browns family May he vows hen aken never be broken or forgoen! This was no probably he firs insance of he bapism of an ( infan in Japan as Dr Guido F Verbeck of Nagasaki had a child -- or children born before our own; bu i doubless wasunique jn being h! firs adminisraion of he ordinance in a Buddhis emple and he firs child in his par of Japan The people do no wear shoes as\ved bu he sraw sandal is universally used excep in muddy weaher when hey make use of a ooden shoe called a gea They do no pracice he barbarous habi of compressing he fee of he women as do heir neighbors he Chinese The sandal as i is he ld on by he oes raher ends Q en large he foo There is a hong pu hihe middle of he oe of he sandal which passes beween he grea oe and be nex and as his is he only means of keeping on he sandal here is a jiipf\ap a he heel) which is no pleasan nor: ends o grace of inovemcn The garmens orhe ladies fivery:igh-arqundhem and our hoops kirs are a ne ver-ceasln-g;subjeci0( \ alk and--wonderamcmg hem The yo(mg girl!;} since! have become :accusomed o heir fici::;rioses andslaning eyeslconsider very prey; Tey havesuchbeiuifulwhie eeh;:sparklingblacr : V l l p! fi j! << j!l L ;;- i C J 1! ; ;\ > :;: 0;;1 ;- : -f ; i r

12 - : > : eyes and brigh color; and are usllally very sprighly These people have a horrid cusom of making he marriedor berohed ladies shave off he eye- br:ows and blacken he eeh which causes herilo <;lecay very soon Perhaps his isdone o desroy heir charmsso ha no oher genleman may falhn love wih hem am surprised and pleased o find he Japanese accord o heir women so large : measure of respec and considerae care She is almos as much a libery o walk and visi as in our own land lndeed anyamol:1 of social freedom prevails among \vomankind here Afer he meals -are cooked and he home made idy a woman is a libery o go where she will and gossip wih whom she likes over he hibachi and ea-ray siing near The naional annals of Japan will show probably as -large a number of illusrious women as any oher Asiaic counry Ou of one hundred and weny \ sovereigns nine have been Women The chief deiy \ in heir myhology is a womall; and have heard \ ha i was he wi and genius of women ha made heir-naive ougue i lierary language have seen enough o l<:110w ha she can and does generally rule her own household; and she considers i her duy and [Jrivilege o share whaever of pain or sorrows appoiljepo man bu am sorry o say he man isno always as faihful-o her being a libery o divorce her for a very sligh cause Polygamy is;praciced hough i is no universal A Japanese girl ;of fifeen is brigh inelligen jneresing modes;ladylikeand:self-relian Their :libey:causs:hmqbe se1hconfidenand dignifiecl :rhey are augl1:( obdienceo parensj and afer marriage ohedienccohe husband -and:hisparens especiaq Y he noher-inl<\w who somegmesrules c ih a rod9(iron;--n naural affecion fenderness ; > ; <; : rr :!! i {f; T! paience he Japanese moher is quie equal o mohers in oher lands Japanese children are proverbial for heir dociliy and obedience Japan is a paradise for babies is heopinionof Englands represenaive here; bu he could no have added ha hese babies make Japan a paradise for i is rue of his land as well as of Ceylons sle ha only man is vile My firs Chrismas in Japan was raher a doleful -one Few happy greeings no presens and no one of he heahen could we make undersand why 011 his day paricularly we wished o be gay and gladsome Oh! how wished for he gif of Jongues could no conen myself in he house so calling for my pony wen ou o have a joyous ime wih birds as hey carolled heir songs of praise 1 from he lonely pine reeops Speaking of hings Orienal here is an air abou everyhing see which quie facinaes me have seen nohing however of Orienal luxury and splendor ye such as have heard is in he emples a Nikko bu can fancy from he rude elaborae carvings around hese old emples and in heir fabulous designs ha have a rich rea before me in viewing he decoraions in high life as well as in hose magnificen emples in he capial f you ake a peep ino our back yard you will see in a space n-oas large as your lawn a home some aemp a amaeur gardening; here are miniaure mounains grooes a1d rolkefiesrich in fernery and railing plans Ye in he fron of his emple nohing greendsallowed o grow\ is well sanded and kep ;neaancl clean fr ;!! - : ; ; i 1:-; f : i 1 [; H r f : L Li :1: ;1 : ; r - :+ ; /

13 if H- il: JiJ!r -; f; :ir r h i: ; ;!l: E ij :\ ; :J j e BW r1 :1: i LeTTCRX KANA?AW A J APAli NOVEMBER Anoher birhday has come round and i is mee ha sholild send you a yearly message On my firs birhday had bu jus arrived a our new home and knew no how i W9uld go wih us : hen was a specaor 110W am a workerin he smalles of ways o be sure bu sill am busy Tqel1 all seemed new and srange o me ; now lam as much a home as if had been born in a heahen emple begin o feel my imporance oo for know ha if can be of no oher use in his iand can a leas make a home for new missional1es who ( are coming in; Besides our own family we have made a home for hree young men and wo missionary families from China during he las year -And during his year have aken upon myself new duies new responsibiliies and new enjoymens added one lile spiri o he lis of immorals and l hoped aild prayed may beirisrumenal ofaddirig many more of Chriss elec o he lis of His redeemed These changes are conemporary \\lih many you could coun on he opposie side of he globe Everyhing is changed excep our hears i (us hey remain he same only as hey have gahered spiriual influences abouhem and adorned hemselves wih more Chrisian graces we hope and rus : i:: ; : f;\vish yolwere siing-:beside meno\v;i!l his room as comforable and clean ifno quie so hand SO1e1y furnished as yours The dark g6ssyleaves olhe capejessamiiejusbe1ow my window are sparklingwihxail1drops and several monhs ago f - \:: :/ < d : ::--:- : :---: \ \ ex N}- )_5 f--hi mmefew-ry-w-;!l_ =====-l?ll < i i ; ll i : : l! is whie blossoms \vouldfill he house wih heir ; rich perfume The rees oo are dripping wih rain and our gorgeous auumn birds hough no wih he rich voices of our bobolink ar! singing in he branches while he ops of he odd looking naive hus ha peep over our black fence add picur esquesness o he scene jus as a gnarled ree or i ugly sump beauifies our American landscape And he bell of he emple is olling ou he sof melo:w noes of he vespers upon he sill air; au ; naure seems o say This is a holy hour and seems o be worshiping; my spiri sympahizes wih hs relic of popery as he melodious noes fall upon my ear morning and evening have ofen heard he ones of he bells of Japan praised by foreigners fmm all lands Thi!?reminds me of Lady Franklins sia shor ime ago She spoke of he peculiar one of hese bells and of h power of heahenism -ii: his land over minds ha had received Chrisian educaion fear she saw much of: he fruis of i ip Yokohama where she was saying The young men here having no Chrisian influences and 1J resrains: become very loose in conduc LadyF!) anher :niece spoke in a rapurou manner of he ;r beauy of his land She expecs 11l a few days o :l nde 01\ horseback o Y edo-a disance of 15 miles: ;!->! She is quie an elderly lady for such a jaun bu ill presume she will have a norimon ino which she 1: cahge ancl res herself She ask ed verypleasailly!;;! for my sddle o use o hisjoumey; and gave some! encouragmg words:for our work: She was escored 11> >> by ja{full uieofellglishmen 1 uniforin and as ll 1 hey:rodemo?ury::; heyqulesr1ed me : 1 :;:We:;also :haveyls11ng Japan his summer he : i\meiican cosul from Amoy He lef by las seamer i for heu; Scarryhig dispaches from our legaion 0 \ : i ; 1 ( f% J ;! =::;: i ii ;;;= :< i);: 0; 1:1 ll; -jf ;:--! ;r:!-; fl ::;:; n i ;J

14 i s :;! : i : : < l :- J i: fr! Jl l 1 : i : yi ::i -iii; : ; j li 1 i J fr il l! ::i{: ::! o vvashingon He old me ha he expeced o be near he Virginia lines and offered o ake leers or packages for us \Vhlle he was here here was an excursion made up of missionaries and some residens from Yokohama o visi a Jarge image of Buddha a Kamakura he old capial of Japan; agou [2 mles from -nere As could no leave my baby long we agreea o an early sar and reurn ha evening borrowed for he occasion a larger and sirongerhorse han my Donald which proved o be raher more han could manage Before we had gone 3 miles in going up a lile hill wherel!e road was no wide enough o ride wo abreas he ried o dump me ino a paddy field As i had recenly rained he hill was we and slippery and fell behind my husband in he riding pah near he edge of a bank below which were rice fields now lying ina fallow sae and f of waer My horses foo slipped and down we wen from a bank 5 fee high inbhe diry; muddy waer; bu kep my saddle \ alhough he horse finding himself ii his elemen hough he mus ac like a fish and began flounder- iog away was a good while before hegr:oom ;ould make up his miod o soilhisnew pans by rushing afer he- horse; bu a lashe caugh him and! go off on his shoulder and from ha my husband helped me ono he firm ground -The beo and horse had a long disance o go before hey could ge ou of he field ono he road; bu here was: no!injury:doneand 1 go on my horse agilin and \ve coninued our journey Bu in c0!l ; inghomei he ;corisilrade;up:besideme; andas;my horse hadbeen::biingal his all day/i: deermined- now ohavds revenge;;sq givinghis;horse akick i sared off a full speed and he bherhors follow- ing We had(aheca John GilPin ride foi severl =i- --: -- - _- -1 \ : -; _f:: 1 i ;< ;j! - 9[ miles; he beo ried o hel p me manage my charger bu he had a las o le go he bridle and away we wen leaving beo and he res of he pary far behind Bu when our ponies had heir play ou; hey sopped and we rode along leisurely \vaiing for he ohers o come Lp Now mu; ell you of somehing we saw on his excursion The counry in he immediae viciniy of Kanagawa has a mild sor of beauy compared o he wild and diversified hilly region hrough which we wen There was a his season a peculiar freshness and sofness in he landscape he rees seemed o me more beauiful han any <had ever Seel} elsewhere The Japanese are grea amaeur gardeners Every coage of any size is ihus made o;lookalmos like fairyland Near he c suburbs ofybkoh:ima;we passed some magnificen r :liedges; Thescd :hink;are he preies feaure of he c oullry?ncsaw ofen miserable farmers dwellings so preily enclosed and Slrrounded as <;> produce nowihsanding heir own ugliness a pleasing effec ; reminding me of Sir Ruherfora ZAlcocks-descripioll of hedges in Japan He says :Here is alow-hedge or border raher made o( eaplan w6or hree bushes deep and growing abou hree fee highno unlike he ordinary :flo\\rerng :<:cimelia;ofwbich i is a species No\v we come o an enclosure fenced in wih necarines and here is a hedge of pomegranaes; or i is a all; : close wis fe!lce of :crypmeria; while over ha :Mrch of hah he wisaria spreads s insaiable; desiiejal7ichingarrilobe covered; in he_ spdng;-iliglui:ioisdisers :ofavhie flowers:: o :rhereisjib1innce::<?f:wild game in he wooae& counry hro?gwn1;wepassed arid we fequen lysared up ;focks ofbea uiful pheasans as hey Ji! n; L 1 <!;:!H!f :1 i!> l: i i ; b!: ; il} :i< i ri r ; : f :f ii : _: 11 ) r; H il -l ;j ii

15 o7-!:< {:- \ : v i : -! i - \ lf : - - 1: {1 l 1! l : JJ H ;i1 - f A \-J>! l4 i fl\j 1; 1 J1 jg! {i ; ij!\fl :!M[! i; j lw}i 1! L\ sa picking he few grains of rice ha were lef in he fields J3u here is a sringen law forbidding he killing of birds wihin en or weny miles of where foreigners live; so in order o-ake any game a long ramp is necessary This law has been frequenly violaed by Englishmen here and hey in consequence have received severe reprimands by heir own as well as by he Japanese officials; Bu i is a srong empaion Now he road gives a sharp um leaving he beauiful green behind and we c0!11e down a seep qsll f he seabeach The road winds in and ou of he oay for a mile or wo which would be pleasan were i no ha along he beach is quie a village whose inhabians subsis by fishing and he children wonder o see such a cavalcade of ojin; and follow us for a long disance accosing us wih epihes no vely agreeable o hear- such as baka = fool \ anaa =you keojin =hairy foreigner These \ expressions are familiariies which hey would no dare o use o\ vard heir own people We pass several picuresque emples on he hillside before we come o he own ofkamakura Thisplace has degeneraed grealy since he removal of royaly bu we sill see somehing of is former greaness in he many beauiful emples which crown is sur rounding hills The firs which aracs aenion is a pagoda-shaped qne of which had seen very few in his land This is supposed o collain some relic 0LBuddha probably aoofh Bu he principal e<!:jere: is ; Hac;himal1 buil by Y oriolllo /folinder fhis:iy and of he Shoguns ::: ; was buil nearly 800 years ago in r:eurn for heaid(j( he; gods \vhich hacj-enabed him o achieve grea ded in: he civil wars :of ha Reiiod!1e: main elnpleissurrounded by a squarecolol1<l:de : < c; :; c --:: f > - /: =====----- i 93 - pained red n his colonade is a permanen exhibiion of reasures belonging o he emple such as curios poery lacquer rays &c O\vned by he wife of Yoriomo From his emple is an avenue leading o he seashore There are hree sone orii; one in fron of he grounds; a second fify yards do\vn he avenue; and a hird 800 yards from he seashore Anoher emple is Kcnchoji daing from he ime of Y oriomo s firs abbo was a Chinese pries n he couryard are several beauiful rees juniperus chinensis-his seems o be a favorie ree in he emples A his place he Busudan or main hall is very large; is lacquered pillars were once covered wih gold The painings in he ceilings are gold wih phoenixes raced over hem; This is jus exquisie A large wooden and gil siing image of Jizo (god of children) occupies he alar The spo where his emple sands was formerly he execuion ground; and wen by he name of Jigoku gil Yasu (he 8h or lowes hell) On he erraced hillside are various monaseries; allda he op of a seep fligh of seps is a belfry; conaining he larges bell in he i>lace \ daes Jrom120o and is 6 inches hick 4 f Z inches 1 i!ldiameer and abou 8 f high There is a sream of consble size flowing near heseemples and is famous for a sory; Olieevening a man was going o he palace o ake - his urn a nighwach He dropped en cash ino he sreani and hell bqugh 50 cash worh of orches o search Jor he los coin; -lis friends laughed a :hhrifor spehdingsomuchorecover so lile: He replie9wih a frown Sirs you are foolish and ignoran olconomics You are no acuaed by fee1ingsofbenevolence Had nosough for hese eicash hey ;voulhave been forever los; he 50 :;-0 ;; ;; : ; =---- = ;j ;: i::; :;: r 1 i j:: i :; f: :J T :f n!

16 g( r i: : h\ :! f n: ; di; fr \ c ; : ;: \ a_ m w m rw W%ffFwHq l!>1 ; which have expended 011 orches will remain in he hands of radesmen vvheher hey have hem or js no maer so long as no a single one of hem is los ha is so much gain for Jhe counry Gokurakuji> originally a large emple wih a pagoda belfry and library was founded in he 16h cenury Neari was he palace oj he Hojo dynasy of Shoguns Fujiyama here comes well ino view behind he well-wooded island of Enoshi- n1a and near he sream which is unworhy of menion excep for he following inciden was here says radiion ha Nichiren he faous pries was miraculously delivered rom he hand of he execuioner in 1233 He fouaded a new sec which grew o be orreof he larges and wealhies and mos influenial in Japan has probably furnished agreaer number of brillian )indlegs zeal6 Si unquailingmaryrs and relenless han any oher1n:he emp1re No oher S 50 fond of conroversy; none can excel hem in proselying zeal in he bierness of heological argumens he venom of heir revilings and he ugly epihes hey -hurl a hose who differ from hem To his sec bdonged Kao Kiomasa dy persecnor of he Chrisians in he 16hcen ury Nichiren founded iiipes durng his life ruld was busy in eaching preaching and iineraing He published a book called Ankokuron(Argumen o Tranquilize he Counry) which ile was by no means an exponen of :is syle arid one ; Roused by he bierness of :l:usaack;:a :hosiof enemies complained o he :povers::a:;kiimalura:::and prayed;o have him silencedj\vnereupolhew3$ banished o Cape dzu ::here:he remained hree years On his release i1ead of holding his onguehe allowed i o run more viqjenlyhaneveri rhey:\lgain arresed him ) ;-\- - z! i ; [ ; i il : : : i and condemned him o deah The day of his execuion came; he was aken from his cell; kneeling down on he sand he repeaed he prayer Namu myoho rengekyo ; he swordsman lifing his sword wih all his migh made he downward sroke Suddenly a flood of blinding ligh burs from he sky and smoe he execuioner His blade was broken in pieces while he holy man was unharmed A he same ime Bojo he lord of Kamakura was sarled a his revels in he palace by he sound of he hunder hough here was no a cloud in he sky Dazed by he sign of heavens displeasure and divining ha i was on accoun of he holy vicim he insanly dispached a flee messenger o say he execuion: A he same ime he official inspecor had sen a messenger o ask a reprieve and he wo! men coming from :opposie direcions me a his small sreamwhich ouriss sill crosson heir way from Kamakufa o llebeauiful island of Enoshima This island is sacred o he goddess Benen one of he seven deiies of good forune There is here a grea cave 124 yards deep h heigh a he enrance 30 f was formerly he rue emple of he god- dess Tradiion saysha before he exisence of he island; ha: par of he sea now occupied by he cave was inhabied by a: dragon who used o devour he children of he neighborhood (Noe-Here is a grea marke for shells corals and marine curiosiies The surroullding hills of he old own of Kamakiira haveallurpber of oher emples bu hey are no of 1>ufficienHneres o be discribed) :; Ab<?u:2 miles from e oldown of;kamakurc!<-::is asmallviilageneawhich:sands he celebraed: imagecaued PFBusi(GreaBuddha) which Ve especfally cam!:ohiscolossal figure isseen among!he rees;a we;approach Thef( had been <: _:-: J 0:: O::J : -: ;Fi :1: :; jhj ; : r ll:; : j: ; ; :: ;: ;j :;; ; :l:? ; 1 i : : ;n ;1; ; ;1: fl h 1ji: 1 :: 1 lj 11 e:1 ;1 1 :i ; : l: <A : H! : l ::p ;: : r -i :

17 :! h--- ; #%Jf&W- *wrwmy(-if Yb wa -fl;»oo; ; :- r; :;; : ;- T rrr: 4:;- i r;r:li f U;:: ; B:l) : ;J ; ; ;U /::14 : f1! rf :;()1 ; }; :: -oj J_ r :ri ; ;; _i ::- fid :ij =Ji :j2 i fjf rj 9Q a emple since he 8h cenury bu he image is of much laer dae s precise hisory is involved 1n obscuriy: Tradiion says ha Yoriomo when aking par in he dedicaion of he resored emple o he Nara Daibusu conceived he desire o have a similar emple a his own capial bu died before he could pu his plan ino execuion One of his servans however carried ou he plan The image is formed of shees of bronze cas separaely soldered ogeherand finished off on he ouside wih a chisel The eyes are said o be of p!lre gqld and he silver in he bronze is 30 pounds The image is 50 f:lirgh9 in circumference lengh of face 8 f rom ear mea S ; lengh or eyes 4 f ; of ears 6 f ; mouh 3 f nose 3 f jclrcunferen-ceof humb 3f He sis calmly ona nugelojus Hower he personificaion of sereniy and benevolence The bes view is abou halfway up he couryard We sood viewing i from his disance and hough here l WOUld be more reason in idolary if wha \vel;e \ worshiped were a}wafs s impressive as his-an old pnes cameandmvled us o go nparern sanding beneah i fel my own lileness as lnever before and acknowledged o some degree of awe and reverence o such a maserpiece of human ar! Jhe pries did no seemo consider idesecra ion wliensome of he pary climbed up/and over i in every way vvhen hey saw we were disposed Qexaminei minuely hey go a ladder and old (us o go upon is lap 1 was one of hreeladies ;_?si on is_humb _ Five (enlemen afeiwards sa :onhe h4mbcogeher :This mage;has;;sa hsjor <:800 year:shoughno:exposedo-he\veaher all -ihaiuej;jformerlyhada enipleover: i Us ; hol1ow insi<ie;;;andsome of he -?ary: wen ijrand - ::::: here _ heyjound-:incens<: sicks; :candes:-b\lrping!: / --:-- -_ /:/1: - l i; ;; - 97 and various offerings ha were brough ha morning by some devoee n he presence of such an image realized ha i is only by he grace of God ha we are no all idol -worshipers for ha is he ineviable endency of he human hear dolary in Japan seems clean3j:ha in ancien Greece and Rome; no nude images are visible excep of infans in he arms of he large idols Bu such as i is i mus be broken up; for human naure is powerless o exricae iself from he ruin ino which i has volunarily plunged and llohing can accomplish qis bu he gospel of Chris Then- / U Fly abroad hou mighy gospel; win and COll quer nevr cease Noe-: To ener he cave you have o descend a high rocky cliff he sea side or he ;lsland; he cave iself he produc of he long baling waves of he grea Pacific is very spacious a:is enrance bu as you proceed in a crouching posiion wihorcheshrough is narrow passage you come a las o a sone serpen wih head uplifed on is coil wih lamps burning and offerings of rice aod food before i-a rue ype of ha Old Serpen he devil who has so long duped his simple-minded poplel LeTTeR x KANAGAWA JAPAN : JAN ()wingo he blockade all communicaion wih Souhern frjends in America was closed for several monhs ; hence hese joings from my journal Thlsyear opens wih a:fewchanges in ourfai1y Dr:Hhaidef is:o go ino his new esidencei- Yokohama; whichhas Chimneys and a kichenj: quieananoruilyin :Japanese archiecure Wih newcservans no cookingsove and hree yoi1lg - : ;11 :i -- i ; U!!! 1! T li : l ; ill :; ;! i -

18 ; : : UJl: ilf1 : \ ; li:; 98 men o board my ime is quie aken up in hpusekeeping and aending obaby A chronicle is useful in his respec if no oher ha we may se how U much of life is aken up wih lile hings hough 1; mean o ry o do somehing wih-he language his winer andprep;ue myself for fuure usefulness here: seem on he hreshold of he very ldnd ofriseful- ness 1 have nearly all mylifelonged for and so ardenly desire he honor of doing somehing for hese poor people gahering a few sheaves before ie Yeserday P M 1 called wih my-husband on some of he people and had arial olou conver: saional powers Oh! for moreliberyill--his ongue _ - - Jan 12h We are having a nice quie ime now and all are improving i in -a persevering _sudy of helanguage have engaged a lire pries o help me iljhe udy- oehe )anguage He:w3;; recom: mended o me onaccoin of being -such agooq _ scribe:; as desire no only o read- hecbiiracer-\ bu o \vriei::nd he encourages me:much/ Jea1: hey are -a naion of grea flaerers 1 am sorry r no o be able o complimen his sagaciyasmuch -as he doesmine; forheriesniy paience o he umos in his dulln ess of comrehension:bu 11 dare saylf-:1e spoke:he ruh mregard o me 1 would be (ound o be equally dull:: # JanS_h: 1- wen wih my husband o call on several families again laseverungj we;wereeceived cordially: and:reaed -o scalding ho: ea wihou sugar; or milk;--andad o( cakeke of gelaiire :ii;;;::;{;ih;;!:o plac!!d_od; en hadpffered Q me he pipe;:buf : - :- on:-explajning ha :1-could iioi1se:i;heyughe<:l ::: :ridcbed_awayo :i:ach:q;;nq:doubcommell-; :- -; --: : : ; :_ ;ji ::; Wi FWW -Wf& o=< -r-! :; i ing on our cusoms One of he women was sen ou o provide refreshmens while he moher wih all her children drew around me examining every garmen had on Soon he oher woman came in _ wih some gelaine on bark which 1 vas expeced 0 0 Kibv o ake wih a lile new oohpick provided for he purpose had never aemped o use chopsicks { bu hough could manage o use his; So aking he: sick suck i in he gelaine o hold i o my nouh and bi off a small piece which amused he childrengrealy and hey cried ou (good) old hem ha we used forks for such purposes; heyreadi1yacknowledged he superioriy of fo{eign implemens Mr B hen aemped o speak some of he ords pf lifebu i was wiha sammering o ngue our ne x ViSi was o he house of Mr Bg :eacher He has known somehing of he _gospel for abou hree years bu is sill very much pre:- : judiced agains i My husband ill order o ineres hii ore is geing him o ranslae he Gospel of John: and he has laely manifesed no only ineres bu emoionjnreading i which sho\vs ha he has hough deeply on-he subjec He has no been a allwell forso);neime pas; and Dr H hinks his llmgs are diseased He has no been o he house Jar a week bu :conilues his rahslaion a home HewaSvry:inuch_ :ouched by my<sending him some beef ea: and cornsarch yeserday ::Jan;8h;We have a regular Americansn6wirrnoday andhe sno\v ino\v lying- abou 18 inches-dei:!p;i The:wondenhen oehe people over i;sh9w: ha/his;i : Somehing unusual hough [ l :; <:;;i;!i: :!nu ;!e: m his:laiude:h()ugh:he amosphere 15 sufficienly cbjhiarrocober:ruire ovesjbllbe :weah;r ;;:! ; : :1 ;e \1 p! ; ; : : : : : :1 i:- \; 1\: :1:; f! : l11 1:1 i ll İ! ; -j \1 f! J 1/ 0:!1! ; -!f -- = : 7-:-- :- :---:-:::-:-:_---7 -: :- < _-----;l p 4 ;1

19 {i ; < 7: j :; f c : - ;- \ coninues brigh and pleasan unil Chrisnlas n February he japonicas begin o bloom hen we have rich flowers unil Chrismas again We have jus had a call from old Baba who goes round selling eggs far a liveli116od She manages o make prey lively imes wherever she goes for having once been an acress she carries hearicals ino all he kichens and homes she eners n hinking over our work and he fuure i has occurred o me wha a good Bible-woman she would make having ) he readyenrance o all hese homes She could carry in ruh glad idings and illusrae allshe would say in Orienal fashion Lile Carrie is having a grea romp wih her now employed her while was sick and he child is very fond of her for she alks a grea deal and veryf wihmny gesures is as good as a play o wach hem- Babaisalso alileineresed i[l our Bibleles()!1s; _ :wehink She has no much faih iri:idols;ana< laughs a some of he supersiions of he people \ She is quick o ake up a new idea Weofenalk o her on religioussubjecs and she assens oall we say bu we someimes fear she is deceiful:babys nurse is very differen; she is so subborn or obuse ha \ve canno ge any bu he Japanese ideas o sick:baba> said she couldro eepwama - home andearne o ge hawed ou by my-sove hough she has hickly wadded c;:lohes on The only fire he Japanese have in heir hoilsesis a brazier or: vessel se in he middeofhefloor for-a ccharcoal fireover his hey si and shiver and : ;warn!;heirfingeis; /Tbey :never;seem::6c(jr1plaiil ::ofheirjee;lhoughlley:wearr(i;sockings: boh mg bu sraw sa:nqalsha is he lower classe: : -Jan 2oh: Sellsei (eachg:)is serioiisly ill:::yle go o:see:hineaievery dnsed abou >_ i _ -_:::: _!---; - ; -:- -- :::! _ :_ > > -: ; ] } i l all ha he eas is piiful o see him lying on he hard mas wih he lile wooden pillow 4 ;f1 \ asked him o allow me o send him one of my feaher pillows for which he seemed so graeful and afer a few days asked if could no le him have >C!noher pne o lie on as he mas were so hard )gl;;ldlycomplied; he confessed o my husband ha) r much agains his will he convicion has beell gov:ing upon him ha our religion s rue and ha his1s-false He S every day beggmg for bapsm bu my husband prefers o wai a while Nclf15hc; is quie eviden ha sensei is very1 s-hcere in seeldng for he ruh and as Dr H llinks he canno recover hey have decided o bapize him very soon 1S Sabbah--:NcN Bapism was adminisered o; sensei yeserday and in calling o see < him o::day wasniuch shocl;;ed a he change in his <:::appearanc:!!and911 :ourcoming away he raised up on:liise}bow:andsaid bowinghis Jleado he fioor ( linussay my las < goodbye :o you am go ing o s ee;je sus; and w henl s e Hin1 will el him all yoll and your good husband have done for me/ Could 1 ask for anyhing more precious han ei ve my name menolled<? Jesus by a heahen onvern Tconsider his he happies even in y)yb;olelife ;?r?gran us many 7uch jewels in ucrownof 1eJolcmg;DhSensel passed away lasnighalld his funeral is his P M We have o see him bllried Wih heahen ries Unil his deah ihadpo;lize9 ha hevenwas as near Japan as 4:!1enca;;and formedy fel ha mus reurn hoeq;:?iy;<b1jmw:-ha:hehas opened he gae ljfeel*:hie::i:siidsajai for meeven here and ;1:rusfo(mariy:-ohers fr<>m hjslan(l;: : : ee:q:: i/ z$illquie1ycploddilk along wih noh: :ingc:>disulj:)lieeven ell 01 of our liv:s \yemiss ; j:< - : :;11 1: ; ::; : :; 1 lr: ;1 :: 1:; l f : j! i 1-1: ;il f f: <f e:r J

20 ::- : 3 : : ;: i - : jj : : : r : : i ; ; n; d d r 102- he docor gj-ealy arid he Brown family being ill afflicion his winer we see very lile of hem or of anybody from Yokohama_ Every Sunday we cross over he bay ina boa and go o church having our service in a oom in one end of he own We can go and reurn wihou seeing much ha is 1 ranspiring so frequenly have o say a home wih baby ha feel ou of place when here Bu we do no neglec he means of grace here; we have a weekly prayermeeingand he Lords Supper is adminisered he firs Sabbah of every monh in his emple am doing famously wih my sudies my eacher ells me and can now wrie very nealy he hiragana My acher says i is rippa J (elgn)e hroughfme od!lya booko poery and S eachulg me o read nhechanmg one: which he priess use: Feb 10h Acall from Dr H; oday by no means he firs Heexpec his wife soon and is quie jovial in consequence He has prepared for her a very comforable < and beauiful ome which quie pus us in he noion of making our old emple home look a lile \ more cheerful n speaking o Dr H of he pro-_ posed improvemen he raher discouraged us by saying he did no hink we would be allowed o live here much longer Wl? old him ha wehadn such inimaion from he Governmen He said ha he had boh before he lef here and someime afer; : hawas he principal reason of his leaving becase ;hecouldilohink hahiswas a permanen home {Bi;MrJ?i:ownoesno agree:wihhim and says l f:ha \yecan)say as bog as l we :Wish; by: a decided 2sand lo\n1:ainain-<()urfreay; righs He raher reflecedoohe docor Jo: no -sandingby us seeing his is:souch hebbfer si liaion: for mission work wih;hepeople ajl around us JDr H - :::<:> :;{ :-i; / --\\ <1 ; : r -:1 :: : io:; ; :;cc1 :1i 1; :: i --} i ;: -ili : j:i 1 <f \ i:: 3 1 ij) - f hough Yokohama was beer for esablishing his dispensary March 4h Some Governmen officials waied on my husband and Mr B yeserdy saying hey were auhorized o give S warning ha we could no ren his emple anoher year Mr B remon- sraed hen asked for anoher emple They said hey had no he power o give us anoher whereupon Mr Brown desired an audience wih he Governorofhe place The maer was alked over and here did noseern o be as much objecion o our residence on his side as we a firs anicipaed -The (iovernor said he was only consuling our convenience and-safey MrB old him o se his mind a res; we had no fears and were in he very placeviewishedii:o be-;in and hen he hough ha in>ordr-()showherr{\ve hadno idea of leaving Wehd beer goonwil1he proposed improvemen ohe house so; nex monhwe\villhave he car- peners awork -rheofficers \Tho are placed in he yard o guard (?)us frequenly speak o he genlemen abou he gre disurbances going on in he Empire caused by: foreigners coming here bu we hinkhisisonly a ruse o frighen us may be ha we ar! in some danger here bu as long as our Consul remains; we feelhawe have a righ o sayioh; Alovely day wih:dours and windows vide opena hey have a home in he monh of June The workmen came o ake measuremens oday We wish:a hayewo windows made o give more ligh:and he verandah o keep ou he sun- and hea and as -aplace for exercise in ve :::weaher;ofwhichwe;have had a superabundance ;isspring;:wedorio however feel as enirely secure as iii/nlonhspas; he ounry)s evidenly in con1moion ard our presence here is probably - : : -: -; :; X - i <:: ::: f :\ =====-=-=:;:O---- ;-

21 V1W*ic9 11 wen WWC < l Vi::;; & J!; F \ j &l i :j\; n : _ disurbing he people for here is evidenly a change in heir demeanor owards us N e feel ha here i:a sorm brewing and know no a wha hour:i may burs uponus bu we endeavor o go on wih our duies calinly knowing ha nohing can come o pass conrary o our Fahers will May 30h grealy fear we shall have o leave Olr dear oldcmplehoulc where we have enjoyed so much quie and repose and go we know no whiher How deceifully he Governmen has beh ved oward us; bu wha could we expec from a people whose policy is anyhing bu sraighforward They are everready wiha housand crooked argu- mens for no giving a direc answer o a direc demand and in our case have descended Obase sullerfuges oover his cowardly ac They allege ha a number of lawless men called Ronin \-are coiping downfrom he mounains o aack foreign: \: e(s and ha i will be far beer for us o go o Yokohama wberewe can beer proec ourselves -:rhey preend grea soliciude for our safer (?) The missionaries hink his is only a ruse o ge us ou of Kanagawa o Yokohama which hey have enirely sllrrowlded by a canal and i is hus cu off from he main land and of course hey could in a lile while sarve us ou or hurn he own before assisance could be given Of his however here is lo so much concern on he par of foreigners as h is objecjso conrol mercanilc freedom : The(Jovci)1;ne1JJlaS so worked on he fea:r ;of ()\r COQsuL\v-ilicngard ()his place :hahehas dermin:ed o Jeave; arid if he goes of course we f9!low Webave ills heard a rumor:ha our MJnisers emple residence in Yedo has been l:mrned and he is leaving Thamaybche \vayhey:wiu sly;:-:ls}fwe:refuse;o go bu as oiwrrow: is he r: :: :\ : i i 1 : : :f _<To :?l Sabbah rus hey will permi lis freedom from disurbnce 011 ha day <:Sunday 4P M This has been an exraordinary and busy day Las nigh abou midnigh we were awakened by a loud knocking a he gae and when i;: was opened our Miniser himself came o he door - wih quie a guard around him and bade us arise and ge ready a once o leave hi place Early his morning we wereagain disurbed by loud knocking a he gae and a band of officers walked wih auhoriy up o our d09r wih a dispach from he governor for us o prepare o leave iuall hase saying ha we were ill imminen danger as he Ronin were no far from he own Bu he missionaries >peferred in all calmness a reques ha hey should he allowed o remain ill afer he Sabbah; which M)as graned a o own isk Afer commiing ourselves o God we quiely made such preparaions :[or leaving as he necessiy of hecasc demanded There rc already in he yard abou 100 men sen by hegovernmelo guard us during he nigh-cerainjy very considerae of our wishes and religious onvicions l did no feel he leas frighencd bu indignan ha our Miniser and Consul should allo;v hemsehles 9 be hus imposed upon Poor lile Carrie!her we-nurse lef her his morning Or:oher servans sill say by us shall haveo ;/ feed ba b y now 0 rice and ea unil can ge milk from Yokohama; );J\ll!;4hY()<Ol1am: We re snugly ensconced kj>b;hs :hfaapanese made no provision: f9r us afr;urningli{:ou of our homcs ; Wedislikeo hrus 9\lrselY \lpqj)our good Dr knowing ha he bjameslis fqi;nofulyjng foreeen anqprovided : for hisep:lvrgency;l9ng <ig-o as he:did;; Hu w were c i)lagfcljd;:ribdif(eren; circumsances;; })\lrj30ard >>:: 2 :i:; c {-<:; c : -f1i : : : 1 f i r li : ; (if! i \: 1] -- ii n \ fli Pi f! i -jl l ; 1<! j:;--? [Kl \ l! i rj j( ; ; -i;:; ; ij: h f; r if j i 1 ) ; : :- * J f:

22 : m::lr i: : 1 ill! :i1i would no auhorize us o buy propery here while i was cheap and we had a prospec of remaining in a place which we considered more advanageous for our work Now ha propery has increased in value so much oulboard hink ha hey canno a:ffordo purchase Dr H bough his propery wih his own funds and lef i opional wih his Board wheher or no hey would ake i off his haudsna fe\vdays we expec o obain rooms in he American consulae which rsuspec will be raher rough living since i consiss of wo or hree lile Japanese houses unied ogeher by a verandah wih a high black fence surrounding i The Hs are very kind and endeavor o cheer us Mrs H says she does no envy me in going o such a public place as he consulae bu i is he bes we can do june6h; <Sill a- Dr Hs hoping ha we may be al1owed o >reurn oour emple home; as he Japanese promised our removal should be bu empo-\ ]ary The Ronin have no ye made heir ap- \ pearance; and he inhabians of Yokohama are asonished ha We succumbed so quiely When evert hink ofour hegira from Kanagawa :haveo laugh :: - if me- - *WiJ!$iWlf _em_flp vas soludicrousand such a farce ()ll Sunday nigh as before saed we had a large <guard ofjapanese; and Monday morning abou day :Jigh we \vereawakenedby he arrival of as :many more foreign marines o assis in guarding: us as we; walked hrough he sreesand very SOOll<?ur; ::::X:) consul and:miniser arrived (hey had aken heir :;;:;:(:i:i:y!1}16ibi:h6r:)irl::l: : ::f)-:;: ;;apal1ese:csoldfeis headeci;he processiorl;we in he r#fiil\;!jrj!t ii -- 71\- - 1i; ;j i;} -;: i Consul; and Miss Haie B beween her fahel and : my husband We walked very solemnly o he il wharf and were pu hasily ino he boas and _: quicky rowed over he bay hen lef o find a home!f where we could -;:i We find afer all ha we are b;iged o go o i } he consulae Now we are no hvmg a all bu!/l; l saying ruund in spos 1 f :i JUNE 5h clip a few pages ou of my journal o le you kn?w he order o! he :ecen evens: vve : ook possesson of our duy lle rooms m he lconsulae and had no end?f disgreeableexperiences il1l here; have scarcely lme o enumerae hem now bu see from my journal have oed down hese houghs from he Psalm of Life :- No ; e F cieving bu pulisu in g; learnin g o abor and o waln anoher place have wnen FaZ1Z c:ye pursumg ; so you may know ha w were J many imes discouraged and almos a he poin of ; despair ; SEP;EMBE; When we found we were obliged }lc o go ino he consulae my husband made several : rips o our old emple home o bring over a few :il hings forhousekeeping ha were indispensable We did no for one insan wish he governmen o ;;;4hink we ha:dgivenover all expecaion of reurning 4fJ okanagawa We hen had o spend considerable 1\ ime in cleaning and preparing he roomsbefore going ino hem; and when we wen found all nice and cleaibu: rio gla windows or real doors as :-:: ;;pisis;a:japanse hoiseonly paper screens ; how- \::>:?;;K:fr;*rbb:::1:v:n=f::: - y ;{Tjfer w4ad beenhereone monh;living unde : Veryiryirig :c(;irciianes hieves broke: ino h housendsqfrighened;and discmmodedus ha - {i V ; : ;>: f ; f: r 1 0 l L r jr l fi< n f \ i i; f:i ih J - il i if Ui

23 W15 rm&&y- r i!l $:- >T H! i i[p ; J &i li H: : : we made an aemp o reurn o Kanagawa; bu or aking our effecs o he wharf he officials would ho le us have boas o go across he bay sowe wereobligecl o reurn o our rooms wih only a promise from he geve-mer ha if we would wai a few days lenger we should have a lo in Yokohama given us in lieu of our emple heme Bu ha promise was made wice befere so\vih lile hope of is ever eirigfulfilled we once moreyielded and waied longer When afer varieus rials and disappoinmens he lo near he wharf was se aside for us This was o be divided one half for 1 Mr Brown and one half for us; and evenually we boh gave hese plos o he misso Board-one for achurchandhe oher fora mlsson::house We :moved ino<h lile Japanese houses on he lo bu had no been herehree days beforehofficials> ()mesaying he lo had been previously giveno ohersandas i \vas a misake we would have o f\ : give i up; we assened pn:>vided we were allowed o reumo;: Kanagawa bu of ceurse hey didn :;:greeoha Thereafer fer weeksheypesered us wih Uging Pleadin gan d finally:wihhrea so:of) he Ronin and even: of burning us ou ; bu :!iibughi allwee were enabled by Gods help- o and firm inniahiainingour reayrighs;we are las seled in our own home and are quie comferablewihin hough in he mids of noise; pih and disagreeable:odors\vihou beingqri>a : :$ree:whicli:cqnnecs ii 1je-naivewih :he foreign i \!!fi;;;aia:\3l;o;leaap::hef:hfi:i>nseq uelljrii:; o;:c <is 1he:hbroughfare f6r:au;llebisinesso he;com- : -\Lf )i!}1 n! y ;:;y:e :9 ih S a n d ig J a c ;:?n 1{e{Sree s ::qoh es icnes:cmd:on gs; :hepra yers;ofjl1enq1can 1: priessi<h peggars\vailolsorj;ow;: he sench6f 1;(l;}Ji:8:c6/dS\; ---;- :: : * : :< r ir - 7 i f i ; j 31 l 109 -!l; J i; 1: ii my window alse of decaying fish eggs and ::i ::r yegeables from he marke clos: by-all his assai!-! i( }; 1l1gears and nose by day and mgh; shll can call :i J: h ld f d! 11 an oass111 e W emess 0 scouragemen! ii ; because i is our home and in i we are helped so Pi l): wonderfully by our Heavenly Faher o bear our : 1i 1 : rials Bu of all hese rials do no like o speak l ;r ;i or hink so we will leave hem and pass o oher i JL ;\ si)s of he imes which loek very cheeri?g and i ;)\ brgh bc:cause our work seems o be 9pemg ou if -:11 encouragmgly for us refer o he openmg Of] i ll $\ classes for eaching Eng}ish formany of he Japanese lf young men wheher 111 busmess or officials of! r governmen 1 HQW rue i is ha ofen The clouds we so! il!!mch readare big wih mercies and shall break 1 i c<fir f -: LeTTeR X 8 J YOKOHAMA 864 j : n blessmgs on our heads!i j You ask if ranquiliy is resored o he governmen if since we have given upkanaga\va By no means; 1;1 if 6ugh hey deuble;s feel relieved e ave us in a! l J re secure p lace sllce!le whole Empre seems o i j be on hec:ve of evolon There seems o hve i been evel:smcehe Opelllng of he counry: a sees l o: revoluions and couner-revoluions 1 he chief : of hesedi urbanceshas been he desire on he par i of ;Some{inroduce a fmore liberal policy so as o! inagurae 3: ne;era pf pogress c :; i (J;hs11greSsive_u _ veiyr;pugn;in i; J o he jjhsevaivemembers bf he Governmen whc ;reg3:rd<s: fraughbwih danger o he sa\;liliy;; : (jfheem-i?ie; and here is likely o bea divisicn Jjeweell:i hc:norli:a:iid Souh; he Norhenland : ji- : -; -:r L f! r!l; 1\ <7:

24 i ; :! : ; :; ;!- > :: i : ii / - ---::-: ----:----_# - - Omore progressive princes wih he Shogun ha more freedom and exension of rade will be he making of he counry Bu he Mikado and \ ouhern princes look wih a jealous eye upon he /nroducio of foreignels<l;nd he invaions which hey necesslae The Clizens ofhls place were hrown ino quie a panic a shor ime since bya documen from he governmen of he Mikadoorder-: ing all foreigners o leave he Empire or prepare o defend hese1 ves as he inended o give bale and exerminae hem a he end of he 6h monh Troops were soon ordered from China in sumcien numbers o proec us bu we live sill in some \1l1cerainy and dread of wha will happen; howeve:: he 6h monh has passed wihou any warlike -demonsraions We hope ha he hrea may end like he ruse of he ronin Perhaps he easies way of solving our difficulies when a Kanagawa \vould have been o have yielded a once ohe wish of he auhoriies; bu here ere several imporan reasons \vhich prevened us from doing \ so The local offici:jls here by heir kindly: inerchange of civiliies had acily consened o Qur residence among hero so ha allowing our elveso bedriven a\vaywhenour counries were 011 friendly erms would we feared no only have < an unfayorableeffenlpon he peoplei mighalso necessiae he abandonmen of our work---a las for a ime was likely also ha in case of our absence all naives who had been conneced wih us eiher as servansi eachers workmen or friends ) i:nigh suffer iq:::consequence r 0 prove he:raliy / ::i:: f; his dailg:er ; :n1ni()n 0llrnursi:l!aVing )U5 in grea error;: jus a:he ime when: vre 1l;losn(!ded he( Bu inrernonsraing andajas:goiigasan <;conuno:d#iqn 6heln and rusing ohir Jideliy (: - : : ; : (J- - :; ::;::->\ :---: Co :--- ; ::: :---:-::: : ::::::::::::::=======================-----;1 > 1 - : i: J - - o resore us gave he people an appearance of friendshipibewecn us and he governmen such as Liear had no exised Besides we had no idea a he ime of he criical condiion of he Shogms governmen We Americans havejlared ourselves ha we are he favored naion and he delusion-if i: i:such-is so pleasan ha we care no o be disabused of i The English are now however gaining he ascendancy All peiions o he governmen have o be hrus forward wih an energy: ha proves here is power behind o suppor you noice in her commercial relaions J \vih he differen naions ha one was he mos favored who had he mos warships in harbor England since she brough her roops here has had no difficuly in geing all he land she demands As i was he Englih consul who joined wih he :merchans in preferring Yokohama and really geing seled here wo years prior o our cqnsul : hey have somewha hesar of us in he hear of he officials; bu from wha saw a Shanghai 1 hink he predominaing culure hough and man ners in au he Easern pors is English n his place hey already ouumber all oher naionaliies; hey::have;wo newspapers a daily and a weekly a church in progress of consrucion wo ba1ks :wih he English soldiers ever presen and also heir navy; Their unrivalled civil service gives hem a number of good sudens of his language in heir consulaes; hey also have mos of he business under heir! conrol: :All his is helped by heir ascendancy in he:neigl1b6ring land of China and ndia/rre:1arge:avahorce -kep in hese waers; Jaijd a;regiiien llow:quarered herewhile allaying {our (ears in ;iinesof danger arc however reason5 why:sonl1iyocheh;:naionaliyhavefel he: _; _ i J l; L-_ :: - rl h 1 i;r ] - fi! ; c f d :11 : l= 1 Hil : : f dr: ;T :f l )j: Hi!i ill 1 d!!!

25 1: -) \- p:f _; - i l<:: - :; <: { ; bo ( ; ;- ;i: G-; iip : % r : J [ : (; fk i!f:7 r- c fil: F f i :; iii ;: 1i\ : :; :i! : ( lz - -:: vengeful sword of he Japanese samurai For in every injusice and brualiy agains he people a John Bull was sure o be a he head of i is) acknowledged byhe Japanese la Americansas a class; are more n sympahy wih hem and rea hem more as equals Bu having no Easern pos- sessions we require no army here and all our ships of war are needed a home during his civil conflic So we can bu gracefully submi o being eclipsed Being such a cosmopolian place he dwellers here learn o be very discree in all he windings of conversaion les we give offence o our neighbors Wha would be complimenary o one man may be very unpleasan o anoher ; so we become schooled o make only he correc remark One mus be chariable o all and malicious o none and hus _ one becomes cosmopolian boh in opinion and in moral pracice To make a pleasan impression 0111 he people <;>ne mus have command of his emper \ nd be smlbngly pbe on all occalons; nevr e 111 a hurry o Comm1 a breach of eiquee which 1S more han law o morals Byhus acing one can gain almos ally hing - Commodore Perry inauguraed a policy in his dealings wih he Japanese which all who wish o l>e successful in his laud will find he safes quick- es he sures o follow n order o win new concessions; or o lead hem o higher reforms insead of asking an immediae answer o his demandscommooore Perry willinglyallovied hem a _cerainpeiiod;()fime o consider hepoinshewished o-gain<: A f ne?end ofha ime he: promied \ o see hem ag-ain and he aways1ep k1$ /lomzse Fo whel)hl;lgovernmen desired ime o> hink over he proposiions from ourpieside;- e old \ hem he;wbld go away and:reum- agamln sevelv } ;-; : \ > : -----!: = f <f! ;ir J ir: 1 i::: i jl monhs; and in jus seven monhs he came again iifl 1!: -11 : : i? } wihan augmened flee of nine ships o prove ha [ he was in earnes The Japanese found him as persevering polie and considerae bu as inflexibly firm as ever nsead of making he reay a a grea disance from Yedo as Uraga where hey ;wished him o proceed wih his flee; he declined seadily mainaining he desirabiliy of a nearer poin The beach where Yokohama now sands was he place chosen and here adjoining he very spo where we live on he 8h of March 1854 wcre L exchanged he fonnal arcles of he convenion e\veen he U S andjapan ;<The underhand cunning and disregard for ruh : which seems o be a par of official human naure in Japan is oo ofen mached by he coldblooded J villainy a ndreacheryof unprincipled foreigners of all creeds and naionaliies which now make up hehomgp;enous mass of Yokohama populaion These overurnings and upheavals of japans poliical sae is a ime Of grea rial for her ciizens and for hose who happen o be he pioneers of her civilizaionloren say Vue is me ha 1ive a his ime and mos hearily do sympahize wih vvashingon rving when he said would raher no have been born ill he: world w s finishe e ave for breakfas dinner and supper; repos of assassinaions bombardmens r reachero1saionof some naive princeand are beginning;q:ge our eyes open o he fac ha foreignrs are no he only cause of allhese over- ;J*irigsJjuh!lrhe cbulb:y;wasripe:forrev;ohj-;: < iolll:)eforeinyi-eaiesweremade wih foreigners We onlyserires a:goodexcuse for open rebellion Wear-e las;r;rus;:lefdn peace as o our righful rownership:ofhis:1q;as we have had noalllloyances : /Jf ;:: < ;; ; ;!l!;k : ill!: i :: 111 ; ilj :11!dJi i11 : i l! 1 i! l;1 q il l\ i; : 1 i : i f d :- :Ll i! ; J 1 i

26 i- ;: r : ; /: : : :< ; ==0 :-:-::- _c:===-:2 _=-_ -_ ::::d: ::_: _: Or furher hreas from he governmen The disurbancesof he counry happily for us missionaries are now he allabsorbiog subjec o uneasy are he ciizens ha hey have formed a nigh guard bu some of our friends go around prophesying ha wihin a week Yedo and perhaps Yokohama will be desered by foreigners They see in every Japanese boy r: coolie an assassin; and some hoheaded perso ns U here held a meeing and resolved o peiion he governmen o disarm he samurai by ordering he boliion of he cusom of wearing swords The Richardson murder produced a grea panic and has S1l1ce been he cause of shameful exorion of fjgsiooo from he Governmen and from he :Prince of Sasuma 25000; and recenly he <- capured hree of Sasumas sea!!!er _and bomqd:d- >e4k fe0shimae principal own?f heirprqvil1c The eec OfhlS ac of vengeance 1S supposed o be \ _saluary in opening he eyes of his prince (who is one of he greaes opposers o foreigners) o J:1e : invincible power of he ouside barbarians Bu wha of is moral effec? Wha encouragemen and cheer does i giveohosemen who are sruggling so hard-o elevae heir naion and make i equal o he so-called Chrisian naions when hey exac such hings a: such a ime? Truly he men who auhorized hese vengeful acs seem o hink here is- no-day-oljudgemen To oppress al1p ake advanage of a weaknciion sruggling in he hroes :_ :Of:revolu_l Oi s;:h isjs S? OWS n Q on ly w eaku<:ss ;bu- coward1ce : s Such::coveousness woulchbe unf prdonable were i po;j:ha he ac:was;bierly : denoulceci by-par1iaenarid he press; a home :[Bu will?: no:americans: also hang heir ;;headsill : shame;vl:efiliey;he:lr ha:he followingyearwe ;s ac:1aioilj \Vr:repr:esened inanunjus;exoiori > ; ; --;c- -;; :- ;<: \_ o: Y -_ - - ; ;1 ; ;f :T ;;!r - f5- i :] -< 1; -:r v0/ J) 0 i : : ; \\ :1 ; 1] ::! J of money from a weak and suffering naion beca use fo Jooh hey had provoked insul o our flag for which he Japanese Governmen; made ample apologi and more han paid he damage a he ime T;naferward for he four reay powers U S England France and Holland o unie in a demand fo! :ndemniy o he exen of $ which was gra;1ed and he money divided among hemhis was a 1ile greedy o say he leas Noe-We are happy o learn ha recenly our share of hs money is becoming a lile heavy for he consciences of our represenaives in Congress and hey are agiaing he quesion of wheher i should no be refunded; here is now a Vashirgon money paid by he Japanese Governmen nmoun- ( lrig wih ineres o $ How much good some of i migh _ do inendowing a:chrisian college for he youh of Japan LeTTeR X YOKOHA)A JANY 186 The disurbed and raher anxious life of he pas wo years is beginning o ell on our nervous sysems; he climae is sufficien under he mos favofable cirumsances o ry ones healh bu when having ones nervous emperamen wrough upon by he poliical changes- here wih \vhich we canno bu more or less sympahize added o our personal rouble abou: his lo has so compleey unsrung my nervous sysem ha sound sleep- seems impossible; And as we are no permied yeo nakfile Jrips;inohe c9ul1ryo braceo;q up: a speedyreurl! o America -seems probable:; J:min he meanhik:li shall endeavo o- keep yow apprised of au he imporfanchanges here For unady fod9reigners he poliical disurbancs have _mosly bee he_s9uh near: Kyoo :A few of ; 1 Q# )1 ; P i 11 :/ lw f il; l i:!; :; : :- 1 ; 1j:! f! :E i1i : ; {- J : C J r-; 1 -: f f: E B f 11 1