HEBREW VOWELS. A Brief Introduction. Alan Smith. Elibooks
|
|
- Kathleen Richards
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 BABYLONIAN HEBREW VOWELS A Brief Introduction Alan Smith Elibooks
2 PREFACE Many who are familiar with Hebrew using the Tiberian vowel system occasionally encounter a photostat of a manuscript written using the Babylonian system. Books and articles explaining this go into tremendous detail, but the poor reader wishes merely to read the text, not to study it, let alone to study all the variations along with all other non-tiberian systems and combinations of these. It should be pointed out that the Babylonian system has been in continuous use by the Jews of Yemen until very recently, and many Yemenite Jews are taught to read it as a matter of course. Manuscripts vary tremendously, both in handwriting and in the varieties of the Babylonian system used, and are far from consistent in usage, but this brief introduction should provide the reader with a general idea, and enable him to more or less read a piece of text. If he is sufficiently interested, he will then have enough confidence to proceed and read an article in one of the encyclopaedias or journals, so as to gain further more detailed information. The prologue on the Tiberian system may not explain the latter in the way you were taught, but is important in understanding some aspects of the Babylonian. Although the Babylonian system is probably more ancient than the Tiberian, we learn the latter first, so that we must start there. The section is very short, so please do not skip it. So here goes, Back to Babylonia, via Tiberias! Alan Smith 5765 (2005) Set mainly in 11pt. Times New Roman with modified Hebrew typefaces, using Word Perfect 5.1H, an ancient programme yet to be improved on. 2
3 PROLOGUE In any system, Hebrew vowels cannot be shown hanging in the air, so we have placed each one on a stand, using $ for Tiberian and % for Babylonian these of course are not part of the vowels. The Tiberian system, which approximately matches a pure Ashkenazi pronunciation, contains seven vowels, apart from the sheva and hatafs which may be considered separately. (If you were taught the theory that there were ten, five long and five short, forget it.) Here they are: hirik tserey segol patach kamets holem shuruk H$ i as i in pin I$ é as e (not the whole ey ) in they J$ è as e in them K$ a as u in bus (Northern English a in hat ) L$ o as o in pot N$ ó as o in hole (perhaps a bit shorter) O$ u as u in put We also have some conventions. 1) If a silent - (yod) follows either of the first two, it makes no difference (but it does in the Babylonian system, as we shall see). 2) If a silent)(vav) follows either of the last two, then instead of)n$ we write}$ (move the dot onto the vav) instead of)o$ we write $ (dot inside vav, delete the rest) (Shuruk without a vav is sometimes called kubbuts) Bear these conventions in mind for contrast. 3
4 LESSON 1 Babylonian vowels (as well as all other symbols, such as te amim, dagesh, shin sin marks etc.) are always placed on top of the letters (except in MSS where the system gets mixed up with other systems, which sometimes happens). In addition, there is no è (segol), reducing the number to six. There is a difference between a vowel in a closed syllable (closed with a consonant) and a vowel in an open syllable. Bear in mind that the letters - ) ( $ when silent do not close the syllable. They are not vowels, they follow vowels. In writing they are written as consonants, and in speech (and rules connected with speech and pronunciation) they are simply ignored treated as if they are not there. Here are the vowels in an OPEN SYLLABLE i D% é G% a o J% (a corrupted letter ayin) M% (a corrupted letter alef) ó S% u P% In some manuscripts the kamets (o) sign is rotated 90 anticlockwise, so that it looks something like ϒ. 4
5 LESSON 2 We have learnt the vowels used in an open syllable. Exactly the same vowels are used in a closed syllable if it is accented, whether it carries the main accent or even the secondary accent. If either of the last two vowels is followed by a silent vav, then the vowel is put over the vav instead (just as we do with the holem) bo S)% bu000P)% If either of the first two is followed by a silent yod, then in the same way, the vowel is put over the yod instead of the letter bi D-% bé000G-% These rules also apply when the vowel is in an unaccented closed syllable, which we have not yet learnt. 5
6 LESSON 3 There are two types of closed unaccnted syllable, and the holem (ó) does not occur in either of them if it is needed, something else replaces it reducing the number of vowels to five. A closed unaccented syllable may be closed by a single consonant (followed by another, or at the end of a word), or it may be closed by a doubled consonant, i.e. one that contains in effect a strong dagesh. We will take this case first. The Babylonian system does not have a strong dagesh, instead it indicates the fact that the next letter is doubled by putting a bar over the vowel. Each of the following is the same vowel as we met previously, only when in an unaccented syllable followed by a doubled consonant. If you see one, you will remember to double the next letter. i E% é H% a K% o N% u Q% An example: Tiberian ¼> Lx Ķ becomes >M%K = 6
7 LESSON 4 We are left with a vowel in an unaccented syllable closed by a consonant which is not doubled. This may be thought of as being extra short. It is indicated by using the same vowels, but with a line under the vowel, which indicates the equivalent of a silent sheva under the next letter. (Where the syllable is accented, this is not indicated.) NOTE: An exception, for patach a, instead of the ordinary vowel with a line underneath, a different sign is used two dots diagonally. Sometimes also (but not always) the mirror image of this two dots diagonal the other way is used instead of u in an unaccented syllable closed by a consonant. i F% é I% a L% o O% u R% 7
8 LESSON 5 The same sign used for a vowel in an unaccented syllable closed by a single letter (the vowel with a bar underneath) is also used where the Tiberian uses a hataf, provided it is a true hataf. But often in Tiberian texts (even printed) we find a hataf kamets that is not really a hataf, but merely inserted so that Sefardim should known that the kamets is short. In the Babylonian it is treated merely as a short kamets. Note also that the furtive patach placed under a final pronounced before the letter is normally omitted. 6 + { and e.g. Tiberian K+¼ ¼< ¼-H4G6 1 H$F( become +P)<00D-4O6001D$L( The sheva, sounded (sheva na) or silent (sheva nach), is a horizontal line or bar above the letter (R%), which is also placed above a silent alef in the middle of a word. But it is not always put in. [The sheva is sometimes slightly slanted, a bit like an acute accent ( / ).] What about the segol? Where the Tiberian has a segol or hataf segol, the Babylonian normally has a patach, but in some early manuscripts in a few cases there is a hirik or tserey. 8
9 LESSON 6 Other signs and symbols used, which should not be confused with the vowels, are in the form of tiny Hebrew letters placed likewise above the text letter, alongside each other when there is room. If there is no room, the te amim for instance are placed above the vowels (giving the text letter a sort of double roof). 1. Shin and Sin are sometimes distinguished by placing a tiny shin (=) over a true shin, and a tiny samech (5) over a sin. 2. The strong dagesh is indicated, as mentioned, by a bar over the previous vowel. In some MSS, the weak dagesh is indicated by a tiny gimel (&) over the letter, and the rafeh (no-dagesh) is indicated by a tiny koof (;) or something that vaguely resembles it, over the letter. In other MSS the weak dagesh is ignored (which is sensible), and the rafeh is indicated by the Tiberian horizontal line or bar over the letter (also used over a silent hé at the end of a word). Beginners may be confused because this is the same as is used for a sheva. Where a bar is applied to two successive letters (indicating two successive shevas, or a sheva and a rafeh) you may find one bar extending over both letters, or over the end of one and the beginning of the next. 3. With two exceptions ( and placed above the letter), te amim are also indicated by various tiny letters placed above the text letter. And that is about all there is to say about vowels, without going into details of variations. If you are interested in te amim, carry on. Otherwise you may omit the rest. 9
10 THE TE AMIM This is an outline only, for those familiar with the Tiberian te amim who wish to know what fundamental differences there are, apart from different shapes. The system is much simpler than the Tiberian, for the following reasons: 1. There are no serfs (mesharetim), only pauses (mafsikim). 2. There are less different pauses than in the Tiberian. 3. There is no separate system for the EMMET books the same system is used. All the signs are (as mentioned) placed above the letters, if necessary above the vowels, and with two exceptions are represented by tiny Hebrew letters. But bear in mind that in handwriting these letters are not always easy to recognise. Also beware of mistakes. Most of the te amim correspond, at least approximately, to Tiberian ones, but some, while they appear to correspond, do not actually do so in usage. (This will be clarified a bit, below.) In general we do not know the names given to the te amim, sometimes we guess from the tiny letter, which is assumed to be the first letter of the name, but more usually we call them by the name of the Tiberian ta am that most nearly corresponds, and that is what we are doing here. (Exceptionally, the one roughly corresponding to a geresh is known to be called terres, and is normally so called.) Many manuscripts have been messed up by later scribes who added bits of Tiberian te amim here and there! Beware! 10
11 Sometimes the Babylonians inserted some sort of sign (it varies) between two words, to indicate the end and begining of a verse, much like our A, but otherwise you were expected to know where the verse begins and ends, and there is no sign on the word for a silluk. (If you see one, it is Tiberian and has been added.) Tippeha before the end of the verse is represented by', but this too is often omitted. The atnach (sometimes, but less often, also omitted) is note the similarity with the Tiberian and the tippeha that precedes it is the same upside-down,. All so far correspond to the Tiberian in usage. So too does the segol (6 - less corrupt than the patach vowel). The zarka is a pair of letters, nun yod (-4), and the first zakef to appear in a half-verse is zayin (*). That is where the more-or-less exact correspondence stops. There is no separate zakef gadol. There is also no second zakef in a half-verse, something else is used instead. The remaining te amim are a revia (+), tevir (>), teres (or geresh) (,), and a sign (4) that corresponds roughly to our munach legarmeh, only there is no actual legarmeh sign or passek, both of which are represented in Tiberian by a vertical line ( ) beteen words. These four are used in a rather complicated way that cannot be explained here. The tevir sign is generally used for both a tevir and a pashta, but sometimes a different letter (-) is used for a pashta. One additional sign, something like (]), is used for a second pashta before a zakef. There is no yetiv, no telisha, and no pazer, big or small. That is enough to start with, to enable the reader to read a text and recognise the te amim. Learning how they work is the next stage, not included here. A table is added for reference. 11
12 TE AMIM AND OTHER SIGNS REFERENCE (The actual signs are handwritten corruptions) Items marked * are not te amim. An example: atnach 4 legarmeh tippeha before atnach [ (no equivalent) & * dagesh (usually weak) 5 * sin ' tippeha before sof passsuk 6 segol (ta am) ( * hé mappik ; * rafeh * zakef = * shin + revia > tevir/pashta, teres (geresh) -4 zarka - pashta (in some MSS) ] second pashta M.gJ6G<0B>G-%0B(kJ)L$B>F>0$S0B) 0MT.XJ6G<0B>L = Gw0'ZS2B+LT>0$S0B) MT.J6G<B00<J = L$00S/B)0S)e<S2L+J)0S)<S)= 0S)]>M2L$J)0S)'B%L6B)0P)(gG'M = Sources: 1. S. Pinsker -0%%()$-<)=$(');4( 0$ $)%2 (1863). Explained very simply and clearly, based on two manuscripts (at that time the Babylonian system was unknown in the West), but Pinsker was misled by many later Tiberian additions. 2. Articles in Hebrew in >-<%6((-'8)0;-:4$( under ');-4)(<-52 B3)=0 B>-<%6 and $<;(-26,; in >-$<;2 (-'8)0;-:4$ under ');-4 and 1-26,; and in English in the Encyclopaedia Judaica under Masorah (found in Supplementary Entries ). All of these are very heavy going, including other systems and extremely complicated. 12
A Simplified Introduction
TAAMEY HAMIKRA A Simplified Introduction Alan Smith Elibooks A. Smith, 2009 (5769) All rights reserved 2 THE BASICS OF TA AMEY HAMIKRA (of the 21 books) in a few short easy lessons PREFACE The te amim
More informationVOWELS AND DOTS CLASSICAL HEBREW. Alan Smith VOWELS IN CLASSICAL HEBREW THE DOT IN THE HEBREW LETTER. Two corrective studies.
VOWELS AND DOTS in CLASSICAL HEBREW VOWELS IN CLASSICAL HEBREW THE DOT IN THE HEBREW LETTER Two corrective studies Alan Smith Elibooks Part 1 First edition (draft) printed Shevat 5761 Standard edition
More informationIssues in the Representation of Pointed Hebrew in Unicode
1 of 26 8/25/2003 7:10 PM Issues in the Representation of Pointed Hebrew in Unicode Third draft, Peter Kirk, August 2003 1. Introduction The Hebrew block of the Unicode Standard (http://www.unicode.org/charts/pdf/u0590.pdf)
More informationWholesome Learning. A Multi-Level Bible Curriculum with a Focus on the Biblical Languages Volume 1: Part 4:Bride of Messiah.
Wholesome Learning A Multi-Level Bible Curriculum with a Focus on the Biblical Languages Volume 1: Part 4:Bride of Messiah By Evonne Mandella Copyright 2009 Thank you for purchasing our Multi-Level Bible
More informationSummary. Background. Individual Contribution For consideration by the UTC. Date:
Title: Source: Status: Action: On the Hebrew mark METEG Peter Kirk Date: 2004-06-05 Summary Individual Contribution For consideration by the UTC The Hebrew combining mark METEG is in origin part of the
More informationThe Alphabet Mark Francois 1. Hebrew Grammar. Week 1 (Last Updated Nov. 28, 2016)
The Alphabet Mark Francois 1 Hebrew Grammar Week 1 (Last Updated Nov. 28, 2016) 1.1. Why Study Hebrew? 1.2. Introduction to the Hebrew Alphabet 1.3. Hebrew Letters 1.4. Hebrew Vowels 1.1. Why Study Hebrew?
More informationResponses to Several Hebrew Related Items
Responses to Several Hebrew Related Items Jony Rosenne, June 7, 2004. Phoenician While I do not intend to oppose the proposal, there is a problem that should be addressed: The Phoenician script (if it
More informationPoint of Grammar. Torah readers note: Now that you know this rule, you can almost always get this correct. Please strive for complete accuracy.
Point of Grammar Notes on Hebrew Morphology, Syntax and Grammar to Aid Ba`alei Qeri a (Torah & Haftara Readers), Shelihei Tsibbur (Service Leaders) and Gabbaim at BEKI. Updated and Revised 2013 1 The Conjunctive
More informationשׁעוּר ה Chatef Vowels
Biblical Hebrew 101 Learning to Read Biblical Hebrew Lesson 5 שׁעוּר ה Chatef Vowels All ages (from youngsters through seniors) have fun learning God s holy Word Continue learning Hebrew vowels 5.01 Introduce
More informationChapter 1 The Hebrew Alphabet (Alef-Bet)
Chapter 1 The Hebrew Alphabet (Alef-Bet) 1-1 Names of the Letters Difficulties Recognizing Letters Final Forms Different Fonts Similar Letters Writing and Transliterating the Letters Begad Kephat Letters
More informationAlef. The Alphabet is Just the Consonants. Chapter 1 The Hebrew Alphabet (Alef-Bet)
Chapter The Hebrew Alphabet (Alef-Bet) - The Alphabet is Just the Consonants -2 Names of the Letters Difficulties Recognizing Letters Final Forms Different Fonts Similar Letters Writing and Transliterating
More informationLESSON 6. You will recognize the beginning form immediately. Right?
LESSON 6 You will recognize the beginning form immediately. Right? It contains the waw with the daggesh along with the prefixed (imperfect) form of the verb with the yod. This prefixed pronominal form
More informationDeveloping Database of the Pāli Canon
(98) Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies Vol. 65, No. 3, March 2017 Developing Database of the Pāli Canon from the Selected Palm-leaf Manuscripts: Method of Reading and Transliterating the Dīghanikāya
More informationA Pure Language. A beginner s guide to the Hebrew Aleph-Beit. By Lemuel ben Emunah
A Pure Language A beginner s guide to the Hebrew Aleph-Beit By Lemuel ben Emunah 1 By Lemuel ben Emunah Good use permitted. First edition 6006 (2006 CE) This publication is not to be sold. May the Name
More informationRead Hebrew from Day One ( Rabbi Jana) Lesson One p. 1
Read Hebrew from Day One ( Rabbi Jana) Lesson One p. 1 t r C,h Jt r Ct t r C,h Jt r Ct Read Hebrew from Day One ( Rabbi Jana) Lesson One p. 2 This is the letter BET: C (,h C) It has a Bar on the Bottom,
More informationLearn The ARAMAIC Alphabet
Learn The ARAMAIC Alphabet 'Hebrew' Ashuri Script By Ewan MacLeod, B.Sc. Hons, M.Sc. 2 LEARN TH E AR A MA I C AL P H AB ET 'HE B R EW' AS H U R I SC R I P T Ewan MacLeod is the creator of the following
More informationשׁעוּר ו Look-a-Like Consonants
Biblical Hebrew 101 Learning to Read Biblical Hebrew Lesson 6 שׁעוּר ו Look-a-Like Consonants Fellowshipping! Behold, how good and pleasant it is when brothers dwell in unity! Psalm 133:1 ESV Continue reinforcing
More informationLesson 5. All ages (from youngsters through seniors) have fun learning God s holy Word. Practice using all letters of the aleph-bet
Lesson 5 ח מי שׁי שׁעוּר All ages (from youngsters through seniors) have fun learning God s holy Word Practice using all letters of the aleph-bet Vowels: chatef vowels & a very brief intro to cantillation
More informationThe Letter Alef Is The First Letter Of The Hebrew
We have made it easy for you to find a PDF Ebooks without any digging. And by having access to our ebooks online or by storing it on your computer, you have convenient answers with the letter alef is the
More informationThe Letter Alef Is The First Letter Of The Hebrew
THE LETTER ALEF IS THE FIRST LETTER OF THE HEBREW PDF - Are you looking for the letter alef is the first letter of the hebrew Books? Now, you will be happy that at this time the letter alef is the first
More informationProposal to Encode Alternative Characters for Biblical Hebrew
Proposal to Encode Alternative Characters for Biblical Hebrew Date: 2003-06-09 Author: Peter Constable, SIL International Address: 7500 W. Camp Wisdom Rd. Dallas, TX 75236 USA Tel: +1 972 708 7485 Email:
More informationLesson 6 שׁעוּר שׁשי. Fellowshipping! Behold, how good and pleasant it is when brothers dwell in unity! Psalm 133:1 ESV
Lesson 6 שׁעוּר שׁשי Fellowshipping! Behold, how good and pleasant it is when brothers dwell in unity! Psalm 133:1 ESV Look-a-Like Consonants Vowels: o & oo-type vowels Psalm 133:1 28 P a g e Let s compare
More informationKeriy at HaTorah Rules and Guidelines
Keriy at HaTorah Rules and Guidelines Compiled by Ari Posner Sofer STa M, Magiha & Ba al Keriy ah This short booklet has been prepared to help you learn the basic guidelines regarding the pronunciation
More information"Fuldensis, Sigla for Variants in Vaticanus and 1Cor 14:34-5" NTS 41 (1995) Philip B. Payne
"Fuldensis, Sigla for Variants in Vaticanus and 1Cor 14:34-5" NTS 41 (1995) 240-262 Philip B. Payne [first part p. 240-250, discussing in detail 1 Cor 14.34-5 is omitted.] Codex Vaticanus Codex Vaticanus
More informationCONTENTS. Preface 13. Introduction 15. Chapter One: The Man and his Works against the Background of his Time 23
CONTENTS Preface 13 Introduction 15 Chapter One: The Man and his Works against the Background of his Time 23 (a) The Social and Cultural Background of his Biblical Scholarship 23 (b) Biography 32 (c) His
More informationThe Unicode Standard Version 11.0 Core Specification
The Unicode Standard Version 11.0 Core Specification To learn about the latest version of the Unicode Standard, see http://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/. Many of the designations used by manufacturers
More informationJournal of Biblical and Theological
JBTS Studies VOLUME 2 ISSUE 1 Journal of Biblical and Theological Reading with the Masoretes: The Exegetical Value of the Masoretic Accents Marcus A. Leman [JBTS 2.1 (2017): 42-51] Reading with the Masoretes:
More informationEnglish Chant Psalter
The English Chant Psalter The Psalms and Canticles of The Holy Bible (ESV), and Other Ancient Songs, Pointed for Speech-Rhythm Chant and Set to Music PSALM 121 GLORIA PATRI Florida Parishes Publication
More informationSIT THOU AT MY RIGHT HAND
taken from http://home.pacific.net.au/~amaxwell/bdigest/bdigindx.htm SIT THOU AT MY RIGHT HAND (Psalm 110:1) by Allon Maxwell "The LORD said unto my lord, Sit thou at my right hand until I make thine enemies
More informationThe Unicode Standard Version 8.0 Core Specification
The Unicode Standard Version 8.0 Core Specification To learn about the latest version of the Unicode Standard, see http://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/. Many of the designations used by manufacturers
More informationHebrew for the Rest of Us Copyright 2008 by Lee M. Fields. Requests for information should be addressed to: Zondervan, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49530
Hebrew for the Rest of Us Copyright 2008 by Lee M. Fields Requests for information should be addressed to: Zondervan, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49530 ISBN 978-0-310-27709-5 Internet addresses (websites, blogs,
More informationMOVING TO A UNICODE-BASED LIBRARY SYSTEM: THE YESHIVA UNIVERSITY LIBRARY EXPERIENCE
MOVING TO A UNICODE-BASED LIBRARY SYSTEM: THE YESHIVA UNIVERSITY LIBRARY EXPERIENCE By: Leah Adler Description: When Yeshiva University Library moved from a non-unicode automated library system to a Unicode-based
More informationAdvanced Hebrew Open Book Quiz on Brotzman s Introduction
Christopher K. Lensch, S.T.M. Western Reformed Seminary (www.wrs.edu) Open Book Quiz on Brotzman s Introduction 1. The Old Testament is supported by fewer, but generally better, manuscripts than the NT.
More informationAleph Tau. In the Hebrew text Zechariah 12:10 contains this silent marker. The text says they shall look upon Me Aleph Tau
Hebrew Alphabet Aleph Tau In the Hebrew language there is a silent marker. Its purpose is grammatical and it points to the direct object in a sentence. The silent marker consists of two letters aleph
More informationRule: A noun is definite or specific by 3 means: If it is a proper noun, that is, a name.
1 Rule: A noun is definite or specific by 3 means: If it is a proper noun, that is, a name. If it has an attached possessive pronoun like my, his, their, etc. If it has the definite article. 2 As I just
More informationSpelling the Sacred Name: V or W?
Spelling the Sacred Name: V or W? What are the four letters that make up the Tetragrammaton or Sacred Name YHVH or YHWH? Here s the answer from Hebrew scholars, linguists, lexicographers, and historians.
More informationby Rabbi Yair Spolter and Rabbi Shraga Simmons
2008 Deconstructing the basic components of a bracha. by Rabbi Yair Spolter and Rabbi Shraga Simmons In the last class we explored the philosophical meaning of a bracha. In today's lesson we ll begin our
More informationHebrew Step-By-Step. By Rae Antonoff, MAJE. BETA VERSION licensed for distribution through August 1, 2017 Page 1 Rae Antonoff
Hebrew Step-By-Step By Rae Antonoff, MAJE BETA VERSION licensed for distribution through August 1, 2017 Page 1 Rae Antonoff www.jlearnhub.com Remember how Bet and Vet are the really same letter with two
More informationCreation of the Hebrew Alphabet.indb i
Creation of the Hebrew Alphabet The First Physical Evidence of a Highly Advanced Previous Civilization. By Douglas B. Vogt Member of the Geological Society of America Published for the DIEHOLD FOUNDATION
More informationExodus 26. ishah,,אישה means each curtain, and her sister, ahotah,,אחותה means its matching part, i.e. another curtain in the same set.
Exodus 26 v.1: Then make the Tabernacle out of 10 curtains of twisted linen, with sky blue and purple, and threads of deep red with guardian beings; a skilled craftsman must make them. v.1: Sky blue is
More informationPalaeographic Aspects of the Jewish Script - 3rd Century BCE to 140 CE
Palaeographic Aspects of the Jewish Script - 3rd Century BCE to 140 CE Ada Yardeni Introduction In the Hebrew script there are, as known, twentytwo conventional graphic signs. If several people will be
More informationDistributional Analysis of Cantillation Marks. Author: Scott Alexander Gabriel Reiss. Developers:
Cantillizer Distributional Analysis of Cantillation Marks Author: Scott Alexander Gabriel Reiss Developers: Music Editors: Susan Owen, John Wheeler, John McMurtery What imagination the scrupulous originators
More informationA Reference Guide to the Westminster Leningrad Codex
A Reference Guide to the Westminster Leningrad Codex The J. Alan Groves Center for Advanced Biblical Research (known as The Groves Center for short) 2960 Church Road Glenside, Pennsylvania 19038-2000 U.S.A.
More informationLesson 4. Last letters of the aleph-bet (א ) Vowels: chirek
Lesson 4 ר ביעי שׁעוּר Hebrew Class at Congregation Faithful Stewardship Learning Hebrew is fun, stimulating & helps increase cognitive skills! Study to show yourself approved to God, a workman that needs
More informationEnglish Chant Psalter
The English Chant Psalter The Psalms and Canticles of The Holy Bible (ESV), and Other Ancient Songs, Pointed for Speech-Rhythm Chant and Set to Music PSALM 46 GLORIA PATRI BOOK TWO DOXOLOGY Florida Parishes
More informationTorah Time.
Torah Time PARASHA Parasha Shemini Leviticus 9:1-11:47 2 Samuel 6:1-7:17 Hebrews 7:1-19 TORAH TIME On the eighth day following "seven days of ordination," Aaron and his sons begin to act as Kohanim (priests).
More informationRead Hebrew from Day One ( Rabbi Jana) Lesson Two p. 1. New Letters:
Read Hebrew from Day One ( Rabbi Jana) Lesson Two p. 1 t r C,h Jt r C t (1 (2 (2 New Letters: Read Hebrew from Day One ( Rabbi Jana) Lesson Two p. 2 This is the letter LAMED: k (s n k) It has a Lookout
More informationLesson 58 - The Paralysed Man
My Book of God Unit 5 Lesson 58 - The Paralysed Man Aim * to learn that people needed to believe in Jesus to be healed * to learn that belief in God is called faith Materials * Children s Bible story -
More informationTibetan Calligraphy: How To Write The Alphabet And More By Sarah Harding, Sanje Elliott
Tibetan Calligraphy: How To Write The Alphabet And More By Sarah Harding, Sanje Elliott If searching for the book by Sarah Harding, Sanje Elliott Tibetan Calligraphy: How to Write the Alphabet and More
More informationLESSON 2 - THE BIBLE: HOW IT CAME TO US
The BibleKEYCorrespondence Course LESSON 2 - AS indicated in the previous lesson, the Bible is THE most unique book in existence. From whatever point of view we consider it, whether it be in regards to
More informationNAME: DATE: BAND Aim: How did Mayan achievements make them an advanced civilization?
Part I: DIRECTIONS: Read and underline evidence that shows Mayan advancements and achievements. Circle words you don t know. Decide overall if the Mayan action advanced or did not advance the civilization.
More informationA ccording to the Rosicrucian
Three Kabbalistic Meditations from the Sepher Yetzirah Julie Scott, SRC In this article, Grand Master Julie Scott presents three Kabbalistic meditations, using techniques from the Sepher Yetzirah. A ccording
More informationPATHWAY OF LIGHT STUDY COURSE
NOTE TO THOSE SEEING THIS STUDY ON THE WEB PAGE 1 Beginning sometime in May of 2002, we will be regularly posting each new lesson as time goes along until this first series is completed. Our plans are
More informationSample. Kriah Assessments. The Kriah Program Read. Succeed. Guaranteed היכל דוד
The Kriah Program Read. Succeed. Guaranteed Kriah Assessments Kriah Assessments - Second Edition 2017 Copyright by The Kriah Program & Mechon Heichal Dovid Much time, energy, and money was invested in
More informationChapter 40 The Hebrew Bible
Reading Biblical Hebrew Chapter 40 The Hebrew Bible Accents, Pausal Forms, Hebrew Bibles, Masoretic Notes, & How to Prepare a Passage for Class John C. Beckman 2017.04.03 Sof Pasuq Accents Pausal Forms
More informationRestoring the Ancient Text of Turah (Scripture)
Restoring the Ancient Text of Turah (Scripture) By Sha ul ben Yahukhanan ha Yahudah Copyright 2013 The Way of the Most High Exalting belief in our Father, the Most High efei (YaHUAH), through His Turah,
More informationISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N2972
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N2972 Title Source Document Type Glyph Forms for PHAGS-PA LETTER YA and PHAGS-PA LETTER ALTERNATE YA Andrew C. West Expert Contribution Date 17th August 2005 1. Background This document
More informationThis document requests an additional character to be added to the UCS and contains the proposal summary form.
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N2708 L2/04-089 2004-02-04 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set International Organization for Standardization Organisation Internationale de Normalisation еждународная организация
More informationL2/ Background. Proposal
L2/04-307 Title: New proposal on the Hebrew vowel HOLAM Source: Peter Kirk, Avi Shmidman, John Cowan, Ted Hopp, Trevor Peterson, Kirk Lowery, Elaine Keown, Stuart Robertson Status: Individual Contribution
More informationSession 5: Growing leaders for Jesus Christ Leaders Notes
Session 5: Growing leaders for Jesus Christ Leaders Notes Diocesan Vision Course Youth Companion Resources: Course member s materials, pens, vision course DVD, DVD player and TV. You also might want to
More informationTorah Time.
Torah Time PARASHA Chayei Sarah TORAH TIME Abraham s wife Sarah dies at age 127 and is buried in the Machpeilah Cave in Hebron, which Abraham purchases from Ephron the Hittite for 400 shekels of silver.
More informationThe Hebrew Café thehebrewcafe.com/forum
The Hebrew Café Textbook: Cook & Holmstedt s Biblical Hebrew: A Student Grammar (2009) Found here online: http://individual.utoronto.ca/holmstedt/textbook.html The Hebrew Café The only vocabulary word
More informationHANDBOOK (New or substantially modified material appears in boxes.)
1 HANDBOOK (New or substantially modified material appears in boxes.) I. ARGUMENT RECOGNITION Important Concepts An argument is a unit of reasoning that attempts to prove that a certain idea is true by
More informationThe Orthodox Church in America Department of Liturgical Music & Translations Music Chatroom Transcript October 17, 2006
Moderator: Dr. Vladimir Morosan Chat room topic: Setting Texts to Music Dr. Vladimir Morosan It s a pleasure to be here tonight. In order to make my initial point about the several generations of textual
More informationThe conjunctive vav (ו ) is prefixed to a Hebrew word, phrase, or clause for the following reasons:
1 The conjunctive vav (ו ) is prefixed to a Hebrew word, phrase, or clause for the following reasons: To join a series of related nouns (translate and ); To join a series of alternative nouns (translate
More informationENCYCLOPEDIA OF HEBREW LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HEBREW LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS Volume 1 A F General Editor Geoffrey Khan Associate Editors Shmuel Bolokzy Steven E. Fassberg Gary A. Rendsburg Aaron D. Rubin Ora R. Schwarzwald Tamar Zewi
More informationINSTRUCTIONS FOR BUILDING THE MODEL BEIS HAMIKDOSH
INSTRUCTIONS FOR BUILDING THE MODEL BEIS HAMIKDOSH B H The students should first learn about the Beis Hamikdosh Model and its floor plan before working on the model. This way, they will be familiar with
More informationSeptember 8 BRAND IDENTITY GUIDE. This document has been approved for public release.
BRAND IDENTITY GUIDE September 8 2016 This document has been approved for public release. www.greencastlesoccer.com CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction... 1 1.1 Purpose... 1 1.2 Intended Audience... 1 1.3 Material
More informationHOW TO USE THE GOSPEL IMPRINT LITURGIES
Introduction HOW TO USE THE GOSPEL IMPRINT LITURGIES The completion of the production of Common Worship volumes has given to the Church of England a very wide and rich range of resources. Many clergy and
More informationChecking your understanding or checking their understanding card game
Checking your understanding or checking their understanding card game Without looking at the list below, listen to your teacher and rush to hold up the card or card depending on whether you think that
More informationRuth. Lesson at a Glance. Judges. Lesson Objectives. Lesson Plan. Lesson Text. Scripture Memory Verse. Lesson 7
Ruth Lesson 7 Lesson at a Glance Lesson Objectives The students will tell one way that Ruth trusted God s plan for her life. The students will describe one way that Ruth showed loyalty to her family. The
More informationThe Etymology of Jesus Debunking the Sacred Name Only Movement
The Etymology of Jesus Debunking the Sacred Name Only Movement Introduction I am amazed at how many times I look on social media sites and see people proclaiming the necessity of pronouncing the Father
More informationVictory in Jesus. Lesson at a Glance. R ev ictory! e la. t i o n. Revelation. Lesson Objectives. Lesson Plan. Lesson Text. Scripture Memory Verse
Victory in Jesus Lesson 4 Lesson at a Glance Lesson Objectives The students will hear that Jesus is coming back. The students will say that Jesus is coming back soon. The students will state one thing
More informationProposal to encode svara markers for the Jaiminiya Archika. 1. Background
Proposal to encode svara markers for the Jaiminiya Archika Shriramana Sharma, jamadagni-at-gmail-dot-com, India 2011-Jul-07 This is a proposal to encode svara markers for the Jaiminiya Sama Veda Archika.
More informationrm'a; rm,ayow" r,a,& tae ar;b; h', h;, h, hn<p;
Plural Singular The boxes in this left-hand column provide parsing options for Hebrew verbs. Person & Number 3rd Com Typical Voice/Aktionsart Active or Stative Passive or Reflexive Active-Intensive Passive-Intensive
More informationThe Sacred Name Is a Christian Required to Use It?
The Sacred Name Is a Christian Required to Use It? Some people claim that we must speak of God and address Him only by His Sacred Name. We examine their arguments and demonstrate their errors. by Ken Graham
More informationLESSON 26 Jesus: The Servant and King
LESSON 26 Jesus: The Servant and King Bible Basis: Matthew 21:1 11; 26:17 29; Mark 11:1 11; 14:12 25; Luke 19:29 42; 22:7 19; John 12:12 19; 13:1 14:31 Bible Verse: Matthew 21:5: See, your king comes to
More informationChavurat HaMashiach Hebrew Flash Cards.
To participate in our weekly (Tues.@ 6:30pm) verse by verse Biblical Hebrew study, that is conducted at Synagogue Chavurat HaMashiach, we ask that you first learn the Hebrew alphabet and vowel markings.
More informationAssignments. HEBR/REL-131 &132: Elementary Biblical Hebrew I, Spring Charles Abzug. Books and Other Source Materials for the Assignments:
Assignments HEBR/REL-131 &132: Elementary Biblical Hebrew I, Spring 2010 Books and Other Source Materials for the Assignments: 1. ABZUG, CHARLES (2010). Foundations of Biblical Hebrew. Preliminary drafts
More informationAlphabet And Vocabulary
Section A Alphabet And Vocabulary Page A - 1 HBRW Th lphbt s hrd t mstr; Rdng bck t frnt's dsstr. Nlss h's rd the clssfds, whr trth, bbrvtd hds, th wld-b rdr f the Bbl, prsntd wth th txt, s lbl t trn nd
More informationUseful URLS:, Subscribe / Unsubscribe:
The 10 RashiYomi Rules Their presence in Rashis For Parshat ChuKaTh Vol 23#23 - Adapted from Rashi-is-Simple (c) RashiYomi Incorporated, Dr. Hendel President, June 20th, 2015 For the full copyright statement
More informationHANDBOOK. IV. Argument Construction Determine the Ultimate Conclusion Construct the Chain of Reasoning Communicate the Argument 13
1 HANDBOOK TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Argument Recognition 2 II. Argument Analysis 3 1. Identify Important Ideas 3 2. Identify Argumentative Role of These Ideas 4 3. Identify Inferences 5 4. Reconstruct the
More informationRead Hebrew from Day One ( Rabbi Jana) Lesson Three p. 1. New Letters:
Read Hebrew from Day One ( Rabbi Jana) Lesson Three p. 1 t r C,h Jt r C t (1 o h n v, t oh v«k t (2 Q J j u Uv«º u ÆUv«, v, h v. r Q J j u Uv«º u ÆUv«, v, h v. r New Letters: Q J j u Uv«º uæuv«, v, h v.r
More informationGCSE Biblical Hebrew A201 Mark Scheme for June 2014
GCSE Biblical Hebrew Unit A01: Language General Certificate of Secondary Education Mark Scheme for June 014 Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA) is a leading UK awarding
More informationWhy Do We Use the Form Yeshua When Referring to the Messiah?
Why Do We Use the Form Yeshua When Referring to the Messiah? By Larry and June Acheson Back in 1997, June and I authored a fairly brief study outlining our reasons for believing that the Messiah s name
More informationLesson 1. letters: aleph thru hay שׁעוּר ראשׁוֹן
Lesson 1 letters: aleph thru hay שׁעוּר ראשׁוֹן Congregation Faithful Stewardship Torah Scroll. (Written in Romania, circa 1936, during the rise of extreme anti-semitism which led to WWII and the Holocaust.)
More informationEnglish Proper Chants
English Proper Chants Chants for Entrance & Communion Antiphons of The Roman Missal for Sundays & Solemnities composed by John Ainslie ACCOMPANIMENT EDITION LITURGICAL PRESS Collegeville, Minnesota www.litpress.org
More informationBeginning Biblical Hebrew
Beginning Biblical Hebrew Aleph-Bet Bac Reading and Research kills Course Description: Beginning Hebrew: Aleph-Bet Bac Reading and Research kills.. Beginning Hebrew will explore the study practice and
More informationA POTENTIAL BIBLICAL CONNECTION FOR THE BETH SHEMESH OSTRACON
Andrews University Seminary Studies, Autumn 1987, Vol. 25, No. 3, 257-266. Copyright @ 1987 by Andrews University Press. A POTENTIAL BIBLICAL CONNECTION FOR THE BETH SHEMESH OSTRACON WILLIAM H. SHEA Biblical
More informationFirst Look 3- through 5-year-olds, December, Week 2
December 9, 2018 Bible Story Focus: Not everyone knew Jesus is God s Son. Jesus Born in a Stable Luke 2:1-7 Memory Verse: God loved the world so much that he gave his only Son. John 3:16, GNT Key Question:
More informationLECTURE THREE TRANSLATION ISSUE: MANUSCRIPT DIFFERENCES
LECTURE THREE TRANSLATION ISSUE: MANUSCRIPT DIFFERENCES MANUSCRIPT DIFFERENCES - 1 Another issue that must be addressed by translators is what original manuscript(s) should be used as the source material
More informationHANDBOOK (New or substantially modified material appears in boxes.)
1 HANDBOOK (New or substantially modified material appears in boxes.) I. ARGUMENT RECOGNITION Important Concepts An argument is a unit of reasoning that attempts to prove that a certain idea is true by
More informationPhonemic Conversion as the Ideal Romanization Scheme for Hebrew: Implications for Hebrew Cataloging
Judaica Librarianship Volume 19 43-72 4-26-2016 Phonemic Conversion as the Ideal Romanization Scheme for Hebrew: Implications for Hebrew Cataloging Uzzi Ornan Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Technion
More informationHebrew Step-By-Step. By Rae Antonoff, MAJE Distributed by JLearnHub
Hebrew Step-By-Step By Rae Antonoff, MAJE Distributed by JLearnHub BETA VERSION licensed for distribution through August 1, 2017 Page 1 Rae Antonoff www.jlearnhub.com ק Lesson 15: Koof Meet your next ק
More informationAssignments. HEBR/REL-131 &132: Elementary Biblical Hebrew I, Spring Charles Abzug. Books and Other Source Materials for the Assignments:
Assignments HEBR/REL-131 &132: Elementary Biblical Hebrew I, Spring 2010 Books and Other Source Materials for the Assignments: 1. ABZUG, CHARLES (2010). Foundations of Biblical Hebrew. Preliminary drafts
More informationAssignments. HEBR/REL-131 & HEBR/REL-132: Elementary Biblical Hebrew I & II, Academic Year Charles Abzug
Assignments HEBR/REL-131 & HEBR/REL-132: Elementary Biblical Hebrew I & II, Academic Year 2009-2010 Books and Other Source Materials for the Assignments: 1. SIMON, ETHELYN; RESNIKOFF, IRENE; & MOTZKIN,
More informationTransmission: The Texts and Manuscripts of the Biblical Writings
Transmission: The Texts and Manuscripts of the Biblical Writings Strange Notes In My Bible 8 Now Cain said to his brother Abel, "Let's go out to the field. a And while they were in the field, Cain attacked
More informationStoryTown Reading/Language Arts Grade 2
Phonemic Awareness, Word Recognition and Fluency 1. Identify rhyming words with the same or different spelling patterns. 2. Read regularly spelled multi-syllable words by sight. 3. Blend phonemes (sounds)
More informationHebrew Step-By-Step. By Rae Antonoff, MAJE Distributed by JLearnHub
Hebrew Step-By-Step By Rae Antonoff, MAJE Distributed by JLearnHub BETA VERSION licensed for distribution through August 1, 2017 Page 1 Rae Antonoff www.jlearnhub.com כ Lesson 10: Chaf Meet your next,letterכ
More informationA Sherlock Holmes story A Scandal in Bohemia by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Chapter 2
Author: Daniel Barber Level: Intermediate Age: Young adults / Adults Time: 45 minutes (60 with optional activity) Aims: In this lesson, students will: 1. discuss possible problems involving four key words;
More information