Full Table of Contents

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1 Full Table of Contents Acknowledgments... xv Introduction...xvi Note to Readers...xxii Part 1: Setting the Table & the Twelve Courses Setting the Table for the Last Supper Setting the Table 1: The Jewish Disconnect and the Fourteenthers...3 The Beginnings of the Dispute...5 The Fourteenthers Lay Out Their Case to Rome...7 The Fourteenthers Knew the Crucifixion Day Was the Fourteenth...10 Roman Emperor Constantine Imposes His Will on the Fourteenthers...14 Setting the Table 2: Words and Concepts Changed Did the Jews Before Paul Share in Communion or Partake in the Eucharist?...23 Did the First-Century Jews Really Go to Church?...23 Did the Early Jews Who Believed in the Messiah Become Christians?...27 Was the Name of the Messiah Really Jesus?...29 Will the Real Lion of the Tribe of Judah Please Stand Up?...31 Were the Early Jewish Believers, Like Paul, Really Called Saints?...32 What about the Word Trinity?...33 What about the Word Apostle?...37 Setting the Table 3: The Messiah Would Speak in Parables Parables in the Jewish Tradition...41 Parables at the Time of the Last Supper...43 Bizarre Statements Point to Parables...44 Why the Messiah Spoke in Parables at the Last Supper...46 What Jesus Said or What He Meant...46 Setting the Table 4: The Jewish Idiom of Natural to Spiritual The Jewish Prophets...50 Jesus Continues Using This Natural-to-Spiritual Idiom...51 Spiritual Eating and Drinking...53 List of Natural-to-Spiritual Examples...57

2 Table of Contents ix The Twelve Courses on the Last Supper Course 1: Last Supper Ritual or Parable? The Messiah Held One Leavened Bread Uncontested Ritual...71 Additional Punishment for Leaven at Passover...74 Some Find It Dangerous to Even Question the Ritual...75 Jesus Held One Bread, Not Multiple Breads...76 The English Translations Can Cause Confusion...78 Bread Is Bread?...80 New Ritual or Spiritual Truth in Parables?...81 Last Supper Prophecy, Betrayed with Bread...81 Course 2: The Body of Christ Did Not Mean a Ritual This Is My Body, But What Is This?...87 No, This Is Not the Flesh of the Messiah...88 What the Apostles Taught about Us Being the Spiritual Body...90 The Spiritual Body, the Spirit of God Dwells within Us...93 This Do, but Do What a New Ritual?...96 We Remember the Messiah and the Price That He Paid...97 The Body of Christ as Anointed Tabernacle Course 3: The Jewish Idiom of Breaking Bread Among the Early Believers Washing of the Hands before Eating Bread Twelve Sacred Breads Carried Forward in Jewish Daily Life Breaking Bread on Different Occasions Breaking Bread Spiritually Did Breaking Bread Mean Either Common Meals or a Ritual of Communion? They Weren t Just Sharing Common Meals They Weren t Partaking in a New Roman Catholic/ Christian/Protestant Ritual Course 4: Breaking Bread Spiritually the Progression An Overview of the Progression Phase 1: Jesus Miraculously Breaks Bread Twice to Feed the Multitudes Phase 2: Jesus Breaks Bread at the Last Supper in a Parable Phase 3: Jesus Becomes Invisible Just as He Breaks Bread Right after His Resurrection...132

3 x The Messianic Feast Phase 4: Jesus Reappears and Is Recognized in the Breaking of the Bread Phase 5: The Disciples Go Forth in God s Spirit Breaking Bread Spiritually The Bread That We Break What, Regular Bread during the Festival? The First-Fruits Offering Before Eating the Bread in the Promised Land The Lost Tribes of the Diaspora The Promise of the Messiah Was to Recover Those Who Were Scattered Course 5: Paul, 1 Corinthians, and the Last Supper Corinthians Chapter 10: Eating and Drinking Spiritually Corinthians Chapter 11: What Paul Received from the Lord Corinthians Chapter 12: We Are the Body of Christ Figurative Use of Eating and Drinking Paul s Intended Meaning in 1 Corinthians Chapter Spiritual Communion and Reciprocal Communal Meals Eating Unworthily Growing into the Perfected Bride Course 6: The True Jewish Communion and the Messianic Feast The First Bread-and-Wine Communal Meal The Three Annual Festivals as Communal Meals Communal Meals and Communal Sacrifices Common Bond for the Communal Meals Natural Communion to Spiritual Communion Jewish Groups Emulate the Showbread The Last Supper and the Messianic Feast/Banquet The Bread and Wine of the High Priest Melchizedek Feasts of God s Love Was the Fruit of the Vine Partaken of with the Showbread? Wine and God s Love Course 7: The Showbread: Who They Represent, Were They Unleavened, and Why It Matters The Twelve Breads in the Natural Sense The Twelve Breads Are Symbolic of the Twelve Tribes Why It Matters Whether These Twelve Breads Were Leavened or Not Pharisaic Tradition That the Breads Are to Be Unleavened God Commanded Certain Breads to Be Made with Leaven...230

4 Table of Contents xi God Also Clearly Commanded When Unleavened Was Required Twelve Breads Show Forth Aspects of God s Plan for His People If the Twelve Breads Were Unleavened Figurative Uses of Bread Bread of Affliction Used Figuratively in Deuteronomy 16: Bread of God Is Used Figuratively Other Figurative Uses of Bread Course 8: God s Overall Plan and Pattern for Mankind God s Plan from the Beginning The Pattern Given to Noah in Type The Pattern and Plan Shown to Moses for the Dwelling Place of God The Plan and Pattern Given to David for the Dwelling Place of God Stephen Gives the Progression of God s Plan in Acts, but His Message and Life Were Cut Short The Logos of God Shows This Plan and Pattern What the Logos Came to Mean in Rome Logos to the First-Century Messianic Jews God Speaks Through the Logos The Logos Is the Plan, the Messiah Is the Expression and Pattern Course 9: God s Plan as Seen in the Showbread Names Used for These Breads Reveal Spiritual Truths We Who Abide in God s Presence Are to Be Made into Spiritual Presence Breads The Making of the Twelve Breads Shows God s Process to Make Us into His Image and Likeness God s Part in the Process The rain from God must come for the wheat crops to grow The sunlight from God is needed to grow the crops Man s Part in the Process The Israelite needed to till the ground The wise man planted the seed that came from God The Israelite needed to harvest and then winnow the wheat God also takes part in the spiritual winnowing The Priest s Part in the Process The priest would then add water and mix it with the flour The priests would oversee the baking of the Showbread The priests were to place the breads on the golden table in God s presence...292

5 xii The Messianic Feast The priest from Aaron must partake of the breads Bread Is Instruction from God Reciprocal Giving and Receiving in the House of God Twelve Breads, Now One Spiritual Bread Course 10: The Symbolic Cup and the Promised New Covenant Spiritual Truth and Not a New Ritual The Promised New Covenant God Showed That the Messiah Would Make a Firm Covenant, yet Be Cut Off God Said He Would Draw the Israelite People Back into a Relationship with Him The New Covenant Is Not Like the One under Moses Last Supper Parables Were Shocking in the Natural Sense so They Would Be Remembered, Discussed, and Understood Later The Messiah and the Ritual Purification The Apostles Grew in New Covenant Understandings After Receiving the Holy Spirit Course 11: Jacob, Moses, and the Fruit of the Vine Israel s Historic Connection to the Grapevine John Gives the Spiritual Fulfillment of Jacob s Washing of Robes in Wine Whosoever Ingests Any Blood Is to Be Cut Off The Messiah and the Spiritual Lifeblood of the New Covenant The Blood of the Two Covenants Compared Old Covenant Blood Applied Without; New Covenant Blood Applied Spiritually Within God s Spirit to Indwell the Believer Christ Is the Grapevine His Shed Blood Is the Spiritual Life Flow to the Branches Abide in Him and Stay Connected to the Spiritual Flow Our Fellowship Is with the Father, Christ, and One Another We Inherit the Lifeblood from Christ and Grow into His Likeness Course 12: The Messianic Feast, the Bride, and the Beast The Soon-Coming Seventh Head of the Beast The Bride Keeps Her Focus on God s Leading The Lord Provides an Open Door...358

6 Table of Contents xiii Part 2: Proofs the Last Supper Was Not the Passover The Template Challenge The Challenge The Early Roman Catholic Option The Double Passover Option The Saturday Resurrection Option The True Scriptural Option The 13th-Day Question The 14th-Day True Passover The 15th-Day Sabbath Sunday the Third Day Since The Three Major Greek Keys That Unlock the Gospels Key 1: The Subjunctive Mood Subjunctive Mood Used by Jesus in Reference to Eating the Passover Indicative Mood Used to Perform the Passover Double Negative Adds Extra Emphasis Key 2: The Dative of Reference How the Dative of Reference Unlocked the Door More Dative-of-Reference Examples What Were the Disciples Really Asking? The Gospels Do Not Contradict Each Other Key 3: The Aorist Tense The Aorist Tense in Luke 22: One Additional Possibility for Luke 22: More Greek Grammar and Hermeneutics as Applied to Luke 22: Reasons the Last Supper Was Not the Passover Bread Is Good, But Not During the Passover! Commentators Attempt to Shoehorn the Passover into the Last Supper Too Much Illegal Activity for This to Be the 15th-Day Sabbath Jesus Was Not to Be Arrested in or during the Seven-Day Feast the Festival Called Passover The Hypothetical Last-Supper-Passover Story The 15th-Day Great Sabbath Was the Day after the Crucifixion The Gospels All Agree The Third Day Since Additional Scriptural Proofs Extra-Credit Reasons...449

7 xiv The Messianic Feast Between the Evenings the Legal Time to Slay the Passover What the Talmud Says What Other Jewish Sources Say The New Testament Agrees What Does John Mean by the Sixth Hour? The Ritual Why Didn t the Jewish Disciples Teach It? Setting the Stage The Great Commission The Apostles: Did They Teach or Even Mention a Ritual? Did John the Beloved Teach This Doctrine? Surely Peter the Apostle Taught This Ritual? Let s Check James Surely He Will Follow the Lord s Commandment, as He Also Writes to the Scattered Jews What about the Other Gospels? Surely Matthew Obeyed the Lord s Injunction and Taught This Ritual? How about Mark Will He Teach It? What about Paul s Letter to the Romans and Others? Have We Missed Anyone? Do This, but Do What? The Azymites Shed Light on the Protestant Ritual Why Make This Late Change to Unleavened Bread? A Few More Points from the First-Century Jewish Idioms Since the Ritual Was Not Taught, How Then Did It Begin and Gain Its Foothold? Early Picture of the Roman Ritual Coming In Not All Quotes Are What They Appear on the Surface The True Communion Is Spiritual Appendix A: Proper Authority Appendix B: Recommended Bible Study Tools Glossary Bibliography and Resources Permissions Index