THE BELIEVER S ASCENSION

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "THE BELIEVER S ASCENSION"

Elwin Banks
5 years ago
Views:

THE BELIEVER S ASCENSION FIQH OF SALAT FIQH111 SHAYKH HAMOOD ABDUL-ALEEM Qada Missed Salats In regards to qada salat, there are two types of people; Sahib al-tartib*.

He gives it precedence over the salat of his time except in three scenarios. For instance a person has missed his fajr prayer.

1 THE BELIEVER S ASCENSION FIQH OF SALAT FIQH111 SHAYKH HAMOOD ABDUL-ALEEM Qada Missed Salats In regards to qada salat, there are two types of people; Sahib al-tartib*. - A Sahib al-tarib is an individual who needs to maintain order. The person who missed a salat makes up for it when he remembers it. He gives it precedence over the salat of his time except in three scenarios. For instance a person has missed his fajr prayer. So the fajr prayer takes precedence over the next prayer [zuhr], except; -- A person genuinely forgets that they did not pray fajr. In this case if they prayed zuhr without making up for fajr first, zuhr would still count. -- There is not enough time left in zuhr prayer such that he can perform the qada of fajr first and then complete zuhr without making it qada. In such case, he can pray zuhr first. -- The number of missed Salats are more than 5. *Tartib means sequence/order. The Believer's Ascension (FIQ111) 1

2 Qada Missed Salats Non Sahib al-tartib. - The third condition in the previous section is what is referred to as non-sahib al-tartib. So, if the number of missed salats are more than 5, lets say 8, then one does not need to maintain order while making up qada salats. A person may continue to pray his regular prayers at their respective times and also make sure to finish making qada of the previously missed 8 Salats. Qada is of fard and wajib salats only. A person needs to make qada for the missed fard and the [wajib] witr prayer. One exception is sunnah before fajr prayer. If it is missed, one can make qada of it but only within the same day before zawwal time. Qada Missed Salats For missed prayers, one should make sincere tawbah to Allah. The tawbah wipes out the sin of missing the prayers but not the qada salat themselves. For that one needs to make them up regardless of how many they are. Imam Quduri mentions an additional detail that if a person is performing his salat and during it he remembers that the previous prayer was missed, his current salat stands invalidated. This is because he remembered it within his salat and is a Sahib al-tartib. Sahibayn disagreed and said that his current prayer is not invalidated and will count as completed. The fatwa in Hanafi School is as per the opinion of Imam Abu Hanifa. The Believer's Ascension (FIQ111) 2

3 Prohibited and Makruh Times of Salat Prohibited times of Salat. There are 3 times during the day where it is completely prohibited to pray anything at all [including sajdah al-tilawah, qada salat and salat al janazah]. These times are; - Sunrise. - Istiwa [Zawal time]. - Sunset. -- One exception is the Asr fard prayer of that day. If one has commenced the Asr prayer and sunset occurs while praying, then it will count and salat is valid. Prohibited and Makruh Times of Salat Makruh [tahrimi] times of Salat. Post Fajr. - It is [prohibitively] disliked for one to pray nafl salat after Fajr until the sun has risen. - There is permissibility to do sajdah al-tilawah, qada salat and salat al-janazah after Fajr but only till before the sunrise. Post Asr. - It is [prohibitively] disliked for one to pray nafl salat after Asr until the sun has set. - Sajdah al-tilawah and qada salat can be performed after Asr but not when sun is close to setting. At that time, only the Asr fard prayer of that day [if remaining] can be performed. In Hanafi School, it is disliked for one to perform nafl prayer after the beginning of Fajr time more than the two rak ahs of Fajr. One should not perform nafl salat after Maghrib adhaan and before Iqamah as there should be no delay in establishing Maghrib salat after adhaan. In Shafii School, it is allowed. One should not perform the two rak ahs of tawaaf of the ka bah (in these times). The Believer's Ascension (FIQ111) 3

4 Nafl (Supererogatory) Salat Nafl is a type of salat which is not required by Shari ah [like fard and wajib] but we perform them to gain extra rewards. Nafl discussion in the books of fiqh includes Sunnah Muak kadah and Sunnah Ghair Muak kadah prayers. Hadith mentioned by Imam al-nasai about the Sunnah Muak kadah 12 rak ahs during the day. The daily Sunnah Muak kadah and Sunnah Ghair Muak kadah prayers are; Two before Fajr. Four before and two after zuhr. Four before Asr. Two after Maghrib. Four before Isha and two after Isha. - There is a opinion that one can pray four after Isha as well. Nafl (Supererogatory) Salat Recitation of surah al-fatiha along with an additional surah is wajib in all rak ahs of nafl salat. Once begun, a nafl salat becomes wajib to complete. Nafl can be prayed while seated or through gestures without any excuse such as being sick. Exception is the 2 Sunnah before fajr as it is very close to being a wajib prayer. Imam Abu Hanifa says that if one began praying standing and then sat in the same salat, then it is permissible. Sahibayn disagreed that unless you have a valid excuse, one cannot sit after initially being in standing position. The fatwa is as per the opinion of Imam Abu Hanifa. Also some scholars recommend that the nawafil which are Sunnah Muak kadah need qiyam and should be prayed while standing. Difference of opinion on how many raka ahs nafl can be prayed with a single set of salam. Here the differences are in regards to what action is more superior and not about the permissibility of prayer. As far as the nawafil of the day are concerned [meaning those that are prayed e.g. with Zuhr, Asr etc], one may pray two rak ahs with a single set of salutations if one wishes, or one may pray four [with one set of salutations]; it is disliked to pray more than that. The Believer's Ascension (FIQ111) 4

5 Nafl (Supererogatory) Salat As far as the nawafil of the night are concerned, Imam Abu Hanifah (may Allah have mercy on him) said if one prays eight rak ahs with a single set of salutations then this is permissible; it is disliked to pray more than that. Sahibayn said one should not pray more than two rak ahs with a single set of salutations. Some further details are explained. If one prayed four rak ahs and sat at the end of the two rak ahs, then the first two rak ahs are complete. So if the next two raka hs are invalidated for some reason, only the last two needs to be repeated. Imam Abu Yusuf disagrees and says that all four should be repeated. - Note: This applies to nawafil salat only and is not applicable on fard prayers. The one who is out of the city (travelling) can pray nawafil on his mount towards any direction it faces, with gestures. The method of performing sajdah al-sahw is as follows; In the last sitting, after the completion of tashahhud, one does a single salam to the right. If you are praying alone, you do the one salam to the right yourself. If you are a follower behind an Imam, you do not perform the salam and let the Imam do it. After the single salam, everyone performs the two sujood and begin the Tashahhud anew and perform everything as usual all the way up to the end of salat; do the two salams and exit the prayer. Intentionally missing something cannot be rectified by sajdah al-sahw. The prostration of forgetfulness only applies when one makes a mistake out of forgetfulness. Intentional mistakes require one to perform the salat again. The Believer's Ascension (FIQ111) 5

6 Some scenarios in regards to Sajdah al-sahw. Repeating a fard action [e.g. repeating Ruku twice]. Repeating a wajib action [e.g. reciting al-fatiha twice]. Delaying a fard action [means delaying it for a duration of a rukn, which is delaying something for the time it takes one to say Subhana Rabbi yal a la 3 times]. Delaying a wajib action. Leaving a wajib action [e.g. did not recite al-fatiha]. ***For all above scenarios, one can perform Sajdah al-sahw to make up for the mistake. Leaving a fard action. This mistake cannot be rectified by Sajdah al-sahw. If multiple mistakes are made, only one sajdah al-sahw is needed. In congregational salat, if muqtadi makes a mistake, there is no correction required. If Imam makes a mistake, he is required to do sajdah al-sahw and muqtadis follow him. Leaving out thana, ta awwudh, tasmiyah do not require sajdah al-sahw as they are Sunnah but one misses out on great rewards. Regularly leaving them will render one sinful. If someone completely forgot to perform sajdah al-sahw, then salat needs to be repeated. - Exception is that if after both salams, one s chest has still not moved away from the direction of qibla even if dua, dhikr started [as long as dua, dhikr do not resemble the speech of people], then sajdah al-sahw can still be performed right there at that moment. Imam Quduri mentions some scenarios in regards to sajdah al-sahw and qa dah. The one who forgets the first sitting [in a salat consisting of more than two rak ahs] then remembers it such that he is nearer to the sitting position, he returns [back], sits and performs the tashahhud. If he is nearer to the standing position then he does not return [back to the sitting position] and he performs the prostration of forgetfulness at the end of Salat. -Note: This is only for forgetting the first qa dah and not the last one. The Believer's Ascension (FIQ111) 6

7 If one forgets the final sitting and stands up for fifth rak ah, he returns back to the sitting position as long as he has not performed a prostration [in that fifth rak ah]. He abandons the fifth rak ah and performs the prostration of forgetfulness. But if he has attached a prostration with the fifth rak ah, his fard salat is void and his prayer becomes a nafl and it is required upon him to add a sixth rak ah to finish the prayer properly. If one sits in the fourth rak ah, and then stands and does not perform the salutations believing that [it was] the first sitting, he returns to the sitting position so long as he has not performed a prostration for the fifth rak ah. In this case he has fulfilled the fard and wajib actions of fourth rak ah. So after returning to the sitting position, he can perform the prostration of forgetfulness at the end of salat. But if he has attached a prostration with the fifth rak ah, he adds another rak ah to it and finishes the prayer properly. His prayer would be complete and the extra two rak ahs will be counted as nafl. The Believer's Ascension (FIQ111) 7

THE BELIEVER S ASCENSION

THE BELIEVER S ASCENSION FIQH OF SALAT FIQH111 SHAYKH HAMOOD ABDUL-ALEEM Different Actions of Salat Discussion of different actions related to Salat. Fara idh of Salat. Wajibaat of Salat. Sunnahs of Salat.