ELEMENTS OF THINKING, IDENTITY AND LEGISLATION IN EDUCATION PRACTICES IN MALAYSIA ABOUT MAQASID SYARIAH

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1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 11, November 2018, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_09_11_038 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed ELEMENTS OF THINKING, IDENTITY AND LEGISLATION IN EDUCATION PRACTICES IN MALAYSIA ABOUT MAQASID SYARIAH Ahmad Munawar Ismail* Centre for Aqidah and Global Peace, Faculty of Islamic Studies Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi, Selangor Wan Kamal Mujani Centre for The Middle East and Nusantara, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor Zaizul Ab Rahman Centre for Aqidah and Global Peace, Faculty of Islamic Studies Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi, Selangor *Corresponding Author ABSTRACT This paper is illustrates the government's earnest efforts in expanding the potential of the individual in a comprehensive and integrated manner, comprising the balance and stability of all perspectives including intellect, spiritual, cognitive and physical in harmony with the principles contained in Maqasid Syariah such as preserving religion, life, intellect, wealth and lineage. It also the basis for the formation of the National Education Policy. This effort also demonstrates the government's seriousness in safeguarding and preserving the well-being of all Malaysians who are multiracial and multicultural through the system and regulations that are in accordance with siyasah syar'iyyah. The discussion concluded that there should be a holistic and practical strategy that must be immediately implemented to form a comprehensive indicator to address the safety and security aspects in education based on the goals of principles contained in the Maqasid Syariah and the national education plan. However, recently, there are several important issues that have disrupted the government's efforts, especially on the aspect of safety in the education sector. Key words: Maqasid Syariah, Element of Thinking, Identity, Legislation, National Education Policy, National Education Practices editor@iaeme.com

2 Ahmad Munawar Ismail, Wan Kamal Mujani, Zaizul Ab Rahman Cite this Article: Ahmad Munawar Ismail, Wan Kamal Mujani, Zaizul Ab Rahman, Elements of Thinking, Identity and Legislation in Education Practices in Malaysia About Maqasid Syariah, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) 9(11), 2018, pp INTRODUCTION The role of education is said to be of the utmost critical in Malaysia's pursuit to become a developed nation by the year In order to realize this aspiration, the Ministry of Education is working to produce a world-class education system and make Malaysia a center of education excellence. The Executive Review of the Malaysian Syariah Index (Education) Survey (2016), National Education Policy were developed based on the pillars of Maqasid Syariah. It reflects the government's earnest efforts in producing Malaysians who are knowledgeable, skilled, virtuous, responsible, and capable of achieving well-being and contributing to the harmony and prosperity of families, communities and the nation. The government s earnest efforts in the overall and integrated development of an individual's potential encompass balance and stability of all perspectives including intellectual, spiritual, emotional and physical and they are in line with the principles embodied in the Maqasid Syariah which are the preservation of religion, intellect, life, wealth and lineage (al-ghazali 1939; Norashibah et al 2018; Zaizul et al 2018; Ahmad Munawar et al 2018). In the education sector, the change in the education climate has created the need to identify methods, strategies and program models that can enhance the safety and excellence of students and teachers to ensure the interests of the intellect, religion, life, wealth and dignity of mankind. Recently, the issue of safety in schools has received reportage from the mass media that covers equipment safety aspects (Stroud et al., 2007; Tsung et al., 2007; Nur Liyana et al., 2014), school facilities (Mohd Hanafi et al. 2013; 2014), health (Mohd Rizal & Noor Aini t.th; Adane & Abeje 2012; MN Norazmir et al., 2012; Salina et al 2018; J W Azreena et al 2012), and social security (Shamsiah et al., 2005; Rozmi & Yahaya 2008). Various guidelines such as the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 and Ministry of Education Malaysia in its Professional Circular No. 6/200 and the principles of safe school (Stephen 1996; Comer 1998; Shamsiah et al., 2005) have been created and established, but the application remains at a less than satisfactory level in preserving the importance of school safety. Therefore, this paper will discuss safety in education through indicators of infrastructure, health, identity, thinking and legislation to examine the true phenomenon of safety aspects in the education sector today. 2. SAFETY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF IDENTITY The implementation of the dualism concept in Malaysian education has posed an obstacle in the development of a wholesome identity (Nor Azlinda et al., 2014). The practice of dualism curriculum has created individuals with different backgrounds of premise orientations and ultimately there exist diverse people because there is a group of students who are more inclined towards the hereafter and while another group is more inclined towards the world. This segregation in education will cause future Muslims to become more confused and not possess a strong identity because religious emphasis was never instilled within themselves. According to Ahmad Munawar et al. (2012), one must strive hard to nurture faith and it has to be accompanied with a sincere confidence to produce a Muslim who is virtuous and has a strong sense of identity. The fact is, the Islamic world education is now receiving a modern education system by learning language and culture through the secular education philosophy (Malik Bennabi 2009) that results in intellectual crisis (Nor Asma et al., 2013). This will cause future generations to only pursue wealth and materialism because they do not recognize editor@iaeme.com

3 Elements of Thinking, Identity and Legislation in Education Practices in Malaysia About Maqasid Syariah nor understand the concept of spirituality. This is because in any field that they endeavor, the study of religion is conducted only slightly (Aniza et al., 2012; Rafiza et al 2018; Zaizul et al 2018). Islamization is one of the solution to deal with this matter. Nor Azlinda et al. (2014) states that Islamization is a concept that emphasizes the integration of knowledge in education and teaching to create an integration of religious knowledge with other field of knowledge. Identity in the Malaysian context is a rather complex issue as the country celebrates diversity in racial, religious, cultural and linguistic. Therefore, education in Malaysia should be able to produce a high level of self-esteem with strong sense of identity amongst students in line with the aspirations of the Ministry of Education Malaysia, which is to foster the development of identity through curriculum, co-curriculum and sports program. This is because the identity that resulted from the national education system will produce a strong and progressive nation (Ministry of Education, Malaysia 2006). Nevertheless, the strength of identity amongst young people is often the topic of concern for the community (Mohd al Adib et al 2012; Nurul Alieya et al 2018; Jaffary Awang et al 2018; Mohd Yusof et al., 2013). Even though all of these efforts are entrusted to the schools (Zamri et al., 2014; Nur Liyana et al., 2014; Mutsalim et al 2016), but once students enter the secondary school, they often face greater challenges which is in the form of personal or identity, as expressed by Joyce et al. (2007). When in fact identity is an important measuring tool in determining the good or bad behavior of students. Since identity acts as a good reflective mirror for one s own self, the shaping of student identity is very important and should be given the proper attention accordingly. Based on the previous research highlights, the study of identity especially amongst students in Malaysia is still underdeveloped (Mohd Yusof et al., 2013) and very little is revealed about how self-identity is defined. Instead, these studies are more focused on language variables (Ruhil & Daing 2011), emotion (David 2008), cross cultural psychology (Miriam 2001; Schmitt & Allik 2005) and involves ethnic issues (Joanna 2001) while research that examines the relationship between identity and motivation is very limited (Zamri at al. 2014; Jaffary Awang et al 2018; Zaizul et al 2018). Jacob (2011) also concur by stating that specific research that observes the relationship between identity and academic learning is also very limited. Hence, measures must be taken to ensure Malaysians maintain their identity (Saifuddin 2011; Zaizul et al 2018; Ahmad Munawar et al 2018). In this case, Ahmad Redzuan (2003) also pointed out his concerns that the current education system is incapable and almost fails to develop a successful and virtuous student. The implication of the educational objectives will ultimately produce citizens with their own sense of self-identity (Sufean et al. 2005). Therefore, the development of identity is an important aspect that is emphasized in the national education system as it will produce younger generations which are the pillars and cornerstone of the nation s progress and prosperity in the coming millennium. In addition to that, the values of patriotism which are part of the noble values, if practiced and manifested as best as possible will contribute to the development of a generation that is courteous and virtuous. However, the spirit of patriotism and the strength of national unity amongst the younger generation in Malaysia especially the post-new Economic Policy (NEP) generation seem to be fading (Nazri & Jamsari t.th; Aziz et al., 2014) despite various education reforms being carried out (Haminah 2010). This is due to factors such as the influence of global culture that rapidly attracts younger people than nationhood issues (Azizan et al. 2004), the factor of luxury of living (Tajul Ariffin 1985) and the factor of individualism values (Nazri & Jamsari t.th). The lack of appreciation towards patriotism values will cause students to become victims of various social illnesses (Nazri & Jamsari t.th) and thus greatly impact a country (Aziz et al., 2014). To address this problem, the role of the education sector is seen to be very significant in line with the curriculum designed to instil individual awareness, features and values of open-minded Malaysians as well as rejecting racial sentiments, heritage and narrow differences between them (Haminah 2010). This is also editor@iaeme.com

4 Ahmad Munawar Ismail, Wan Kamal Mujani, Zaizul Ab Rahman because education is the core in driving the aspiration of national unity and the cultivation of loyalty among its people (Chai Hon 1977; Lee 2002). 3. SAFETY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THINKING Islam strongly emphasizes the aspect of education, which is included in the aspect of Islamic faith and understanding. The modern Muslim society are faced with various challenges, both external and internal. The Muslim society are faced with dilemmas and cultural confusion, influencing their thinking in situations that require them to either defend traditions or carry out modernization changes (Anita 1994). Sri Mulyati (2008) states that we can view the globalization that is taking place as either a threat or challenge, depending on our outlook and face this new atmosphere. Similarly, the education sector today faces challenges not only in the form of physical attacks but also involving psychological warfare raiding in responding to the changes that are taking place in this era. According to Hassan Ahmad (2006), in Malaysia there are suggestions for Islam to be equalized with other religions and religious concerns should be regarded as private matters because secularism, pluralism and liberalism have been allowed to grow among Muslims. This situation can lead to misunderstandings on the teachings of Islam and ultimately lead to negative implications on the faith of the ummah. The collision between Islamic education in school and Liberalism will create a confusing and alarming situation leading to problems of Aqidah (faith). The rapid development of technology also facilitates the understanding of Liberal Islam to infiltrate into the mind or thinking of students. The learned group are also targeted and have now became strong supporters of this ideology. If liberalism is allowed to spread in the lives of Muslims, then more liberal individuals who dare to violate and modify the religion according to their tastes and desires will exist. Therefore, the education sector needs to play a very important role in implementing a comprehensive strategy to strengthen the understanding of religion amongst students especially. Rosnani (2004) stated that although Muslims rationally accepted the development of the National Education Philosophy (NEP) and the Integrated Secondary School Curriculum (ISSC), they were not optimistic about the implementation. Che Noraini (2005) considers that this noble ideals are still far away because the actual implementation is not in line with the aspired philosophy. Hence, the half-hearted implementation of NEP is seen as an issue that needs to be given attention in an effort to address the problem of students Aqidah (faith). The neglection of Islamic law that takes place in the lives of students, whether at school or university, should be given serious attention before it becomes more severe. If the problem of Aqidah is still underestimated, overlooked and not addressed firmly, soon the Muslims understanding will be eroded and destroyed over time and eventually many will opt out of their religious foundation. This is asserted by Yusuf al-qaradawi (2005) that states the aspect of education is actually a matter of priority and needs to be remedied in addressing this ideological challenges. Roslan Mohd (2011) added that the Islamic Education syllabus must be in line with national interests. Therefore, proper education is implemented holistically and integratedly through the integration of religious knowledge and other disciplines of knowledge to produce a Muslim ummah that are rooted to their Aqidah. 4. SAFETY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF LEGISLATION In the nation s pursuit of developing a world-class education, the technology aspect must be grasped and effectively applied in teaching and learning. This opinion is in agreement with the opinions of Mohd Arif and Rosnaini (t.th) which states that information and communication technology (ICT) plays an important role in teaching and learning in schools. For this purpose, technological and educational aspects need to meet the original and editor@iaeme.com

5 Elements of Thinking, Identity and Legislation in Education Practices in Malaysia About Maqasid Syariah fundamental purpose which is the balance between the educational philosophy itself and its implementation process. The balance of these two aspects will fulfill the concept of holistic education which is the main approach as intended in National Education Philosophy (1987), Vision 2020 ( ), National Mission ( ) and Educational Development Master Plan (PIPP - Pelan Induk Pembangunan Pendidikan ). According to Nurul Madiha and Mohd Azul (2015), education in Malaysia should integrate the importance of media literacy, online ethics, the advantages and disadvantages of new media and so on to preserve aspects of privacy and security while using technology media platforms as medium for information and communication. This opinion is supported by Amirudin, CyberSecurity Malaysia's Chief Executive Officer, who states that Internet abuse is a national level concern that CyberSecurity Malaysia (MOSTI 2014) needs to address. He added that they had taken educational steps to address this problem through the Outreach Program known as CyberSAFE (Cyber Security Awareness for Everyone), using the approach of 'educating' young Malaysians on ethical internet usages and civilized digital behaviour. In addition to that, the government has also implemented a special mechanism to ensure that flexible online education is safe for all users. The government's effort aims to monitor the safety of flexible online education to prevent fraud cases and simultaneously place education in Malaysia at the highest level. 5. CONCLUSIONS The progression and regression of a country are measured through elements that are specifically involved with the country's system and national education policy. In conclusion, the study found that safety indicators in national education that cover infrastructure, health, identity, and legislation need to be tested to identify their level of quality and compliance with the principles and requirements of the Maqasid Syariah. This measure requires serious attention from various parties to produce safe schools and to ensure quality and excellence in education. Changes to better safety and security are necessary to improve the quality of teaching and learning and thus improve the quality of national education. Therefore, the planning and implementation of safety and security in education should continue to be carried out in a continuous process to ensure the benefit of the individual, the community and eventually the development of a nation based on the principles of Maqasid Syariah are achieved which are to preserve the intellect, religion, life, wealth and dignity of mankind. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This study received the support and funding from the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia through the research code UKM Premier Challenge Grants UKM DCP /3 and Wasatiyah Centre for Peace Research Grant Scheme (WCP-RES ). Appreciation is also conveyed to the Centre of Aqidah and Global Peace, Faculty of Islamic Studies, UKM as well as all those who have made this research a success. REFERENCES [1] Abdul Halim Muhammady Pendidikan Islam di Malaysia. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam7(2): [2] Abdullah Ishak Pendidikan Islam dan Pengaruhnya di Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur:Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. [3] Adane, L. & Abeje, A Assesment of familiarity and understanding of chemical hazard warning sigs among university students majoring chemistry and biology: Acase study at Jimma University, Southwestern Sthiopia. World Applied Science Journal 16(2): editor@iaeme.com

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8 Ahmad Munawar Ismail, Wan Kamal Mujani, Zaizul Ab Rahman [39] Mohd Arif Ismail & Rosnaini Mahmud. t.th. penggunaan teknologi maklumat dan komunikasi dalam pendidikan: Isu dan cabaran bagi guru Pendidikan Islam. Wacana Pendidikan Islam Peringkat Kebangsaan, hlm [40] Mohd Al Adib Samuri, Zuliza Mohd Kusrin, Noor Aziah Mohd Awal, Amir Husin Bin Mohd Nor, Salasiah Binti Hanin Hamjah & Zaizul Bin Ab Rahman (2013).The Rehabilitation Theory in Adjudicating Child Offenders and Its Application in Malaysia. Asian Social Science; Vol. 9, No. 15; 2013, [41] Mutsalim Khareng, Jaffary Awang, Rohanee Machae, Zaizul Ab Rahman, Muhamad Razak Idris & Siti Zarikh Sofiah Abu Bakar (2016). Roles Of Freedom Of Religion: In Supporting The Formation Of Openness Attitude Among The Southern Of Thailand Society. Global Journal Al-Thaqafah. Volume 6. Issue 2, [42] Mutsalim Khareng, Jaffary Awang, Rohanee Machae, Zaizul Ab Rahman & Khaidzir Ismail (2016). Issues in Freedom of Religion and the Relationship with Thailand s Constitution. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, Vol 7 No 4. Page [43] Norashibah Hj Besar, Ahmad Sunawari Long, Zaizul Ab Rahman, Nozira Salleh & Nur Farhana Abdul Rahman (2018). Level Of Developing A Nation Concept By Country Devoted To God Approach. International Journal Of Civil Engineering And Technology (IJCIET). IAEME Publication.Volume 9 Issue 7, p [44] Norashibah Hj Besar, Ahmad Sunawari Long, Faudzinaim Badaruddin, Zaizul Ab Rahman & Mohd Haidhar Kamarzaman. (2018). Element Of The Negara Zikir (Nation Devoted To God) Among Staff Of The Ministry Of Religious Affairs In Ugama Brunei Darussalam. International Journal Of Civil Engineering And Technology (IJCIET). IAEME Publication.Volume 9 Issue 7, p [45] Nurul Alieya Binti Zakaria, Nozira Salleh, Zaizul Ab Rahman, Wan Haslan Khairuddin & Ahmad Yunus Mohd Noor (2018). As-Sama Dhikr Dance: An Analysis Based On The Views Of Islamic Scholars. International Journal Of Civil Engineering And Technology (IJCIET). IAEME Publication.Volume 9 Issue 8, p [46] Mohd Hanafi Mohd Yasin, Hasnah Toran & Mohd Mokhtar Tahar Tinjauan terhadap tahap kesesuaian infrastruktur program integrasi pendidikan khas bermasalah pembelajaran. Asia Pacific Journal of Educators and Education 26 (1): [47] Mohd Hanafi Mohd Yasin, Hasnah Toran, Mohd Mokhtar Tahar, Safani Bari, Siti Nur Nadirah Ibrahim & Rozniza Zaharudin Bilik darjah pendidikan khas pada masa kini dan kekangan terhadap proses pembelajaran. Asia Pacific Journal od Educators and Education (28): [48] Mohd Hanafi Mohd Yasin, Mohd Mokhtar Tahar, Safani Bari, Djadja Rahardja & Rozilawati Abdul Kadir Pelaksanaan pendidikan inklusif pemangkin pendidikan khas. Prosiding Seminar Kebangsaan Pasca Siswazah Pendidikan Khas UKM-UPI Siri 4, hlm [49] (48) Mohd Hanafi Mohd Yasin, Noraini Mohd Salleh, Hasnah Toran, Mohd Mokhtar Tahar & Siti Nur Nadirah Ibrahim Perspektif tenaga pengajar program integrasi pendidikan khas terhadap infrastruktur di sekolah. Jurnal Teknologi (57): [50] Mohd Raihan Kasim, Mohd Hanafi Mohd Yain & Mohd Mokhtar Tahar Kemudahan infrastruktur dan komitmen pentadbir terhadap program pendidikan khas integrasi sekolah rendah. Prosiding Seminar Internasional Pasca Siswazah Pendidikan Khas UKM-UPI Siri [51] Mohd Rizal Mohd Said & Noor Aini Mohd Noor. t.th. Amalan kebersihan makanan dalam kalangan pengendali-pengendali kantin di sekolah Zon Skudai. t.pt. [52] Mohd Roslan Mohd Nor & W. Mohd Tarmizi W. Othman Sejarah dan Kepentingan Islam di Malaysia. universiti Malaya & Politeknik Melaka editor@iaeme.com

9 Elements of Thinking, Identity and Legislation in Education Practices in Malaysia About Maqasid Syariah [53] Mohd. Yusof Othman; Jawiah Dakir; Abd. Latif Samian; Mmohd. Safar Hasim; Noor Aziah Mohd Awal; Shamsul Azhar Yahya; Rosilawati Mohd. Hanapi; Noralina Omar; Mujahid Abu Bakar Jati diri kebangsaan dalam kalangan pelajar Institusi Pengajian Tinggi. Jurnal Hadhari Special Edition (2012) [54] (53) Morris, M & Finch, E Facilities management in South East Asia. Facilities 22(9): 259, 270. [55] Musa Daia Prinsip Am Pendidikan. Kelantan: Pustaka Aman Press. [56] Nazri Muslim & Jamsari Alias. t.th. Patriotisme: Konsep dan pelaksanaanya di Malaysia. t.pt 1-9. [57] Noll, D.L Activities for social skill development indeaf children preparing to enter the mainstream. t.pt. [58] Nor Asma Salim, Mohd Isa Hamzah & Maimun Aqsha Lubis Konsep Islamisasi Ilmu & Penerapannya dalam Pendidikan. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. [59] Nor Azlinda Muda, Khadijah Abdul Razak, Maimun Aqsha Lubis,Nur Syamira Abd Wahab & Nur Sofiah Suhaimi Ancaman dualisme dalam ketamadunan pendidikan Islam. The 6 th International Conference and Workshop on ASEAN Studies in Islamic Culture and Educational Technology UMN AW-UKM [60] Norazmir, M. N., Noor Hasyimah, M.A., Siti Shafurah, A., Siti Sabariah, B., Ajau, D. & Norazlanshah, H Knowledge and practices on food safety among secondary school students in Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. Pakistan Journal of Noutrition 11(2): [61] Norul Hajar Nordin, Muhammad Rizal Razman & Azrina Azlan Pengurusan persekitaran melalui perundangan dalam konteks keselamatan penyediaan makanan di kantin sekolah di Malaysia ke arah pembangunan lestari. Prosiding Seminar Penyelidikan Kelestarian 2014, hlm [62] Nur Liyana Ali, Goh Choo Ta, Sharifah Zarina, Mazlin Mokhtar & Sharina Abdul Halim Pembangunan satu pendekatan bagi memperkasakan sistem keselamatan makmal sains sekolah di Malaysia. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia 39(2): [63] Nurul Madiha Mohd Ilham & Mohd Azul Mohamad Salleh Isu privasi dan keselamatan dalam kalangan pengguna aplikasi media sosial. Journal of Social Science and Humanities 10(2): [64] Purkey, S. & Smith, M Effective school: A review. The Elementary School Journal 83(4): [65] al-quran al-karim Tafsir Pimpinan al-rahman kepada Pengertian al-quran Terj. Abdullah Basmih. Kuala Lumpur: Darul Fikir. [66] Rafiza Mohamed, Ahmad Sunawari Long, Zaizul Ab Rahman &Jaffary Awang. (2018). Ngo Social Interaction Concept to Deliver Kuala Lumpur Homeless, International Journal Of Civil Engineering And Technology (IJCIET). IAEME Publication. Volume 9 Issue 6 p [67] Reese, C.D Office Building Safety and Health. Florida: CRC Press LCC. [68] Rooley, R Sick builiding syndrome-the real facts: What is known, what can be done. Facilities 15(1): [69] Rosnani Hashim Educational Dualism in Malaysia: Implications for Theory and Practice. Selangor: The Other Press. [70] Rozmi Ismail & Yahaya Mahamood Pengaruh sosio demografi ke atas sikap dan kesedaran terhadap keselamatan di kalangan kanak-kanak sekolah rendah. Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia 22: editor@iaeme.com

10 Ahmad Munawar Ismail, Wan Kamal Mujani, Zaizul Ab Rahman [71] Ruhil Amal Azmuddin & Daing Zaidah Ibrahim The Contribution Of Language To The Construction Of Self Identity Among Young Turkish-Australian Females. Universiti Tun Abdul Razak. E-Journal Vol. 7, No. 1, January 2011 [72] Salina Nen, Fauziah Ibrahim, Suzana Mohd Hoesni & Zaizul Abdul Rahman (2012). Kajian Kes Inses Bapa-Anak Perempuan: Memahami Pengalaman Dari Perspektif Mangsa. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol. 7, Issues, Pages [73] Siti Nur Najiah binti Adnan, Jaffary Awang, Zaizul Ab Rahman, Mazlan Ibrahim, Ahmad Sunawari Long, Mohd Haidhar Kamarzaman, Muhammed bin Yusof, Shahrulanuar bin Mohamed. (2018). The 'Umran Al 'Alam Theory's Approach To The Social Smart City Ethical. International Journal Of Civil Engineering And Technology (IJCIET). IAEME Publication.Volume 9 Issue 7, p [74] (71) Schmitt, D. & J. Allik Simultaneous administration of the Rosenberg selfesteem scale in 53 nations: exploring the universal and culture-specific features of global self esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 89 (4): [75] Shamsiah Mohd Amin, Shahrulbanun a. Ghani & Azaiah Ab. Latif Konsep dan pelaksanaan sekolah selamat. Seminar Pendidikan 2005, Fakulti Pendidikan, UTM, hlm [76] Sidek Baba Pendidikan berintergratif asas pendidikan Islami. Kertas kerja Kongres Pertama Rejuvenasi Sistem Pendidikan Islam Negara (Ko-SPIN 09). [77] Sri Mulyati Islam & Universal Values: Islam s Contribution to the Construction of Pluralistic Wolrd. Jakarta: International Center for Islam and Pluralism. [78] Stroud, L. M., Stallings, C., Korbusieski, T. J Implementationof a science laboratory safety program in North Carolina Schools. Journal of Chemical Health & Safety 14(3): [79] Sufean bin Hussin, Charil Marzuki, Ahmad Zabidi Abdul Razak & Habib Md. (77) Som Siri Panduan Guru: Pentadbiran Dalam Pembangunan Pendidikan. Pahang: PTS Professional Publishing Sdn Bhd. [80] Yusuf al-qaradawi Priorities of the Islamic Movement in the Coming Phase. UK: Awakening Publications. [81] Zaizul Ab Rahman, Fauziah Ibrahim & Nasrudin Subhi (2018). Faktor Keagamaan yang Mempengaruhi Semangat Perpaduan dalam Kalangan Remaja yang Tinggal di Kawasan Program Perumahan Rakyat (PPR). Global Journal Al Thaqafah (GJAT). Volume 8 Issue 1, p [82] Zaizul Ab Rahman, Ahmad Sunawari Long, Kamaruddin Salleh, Jaffary Awang Nasrudin Subhi. (2018). Application Of Islamic Spiritual Approaches In Treating Problematic Behaviors Among Teenagers In Risk International Journal Of Civil Engineering And Technology (IJCIET). IAEME Publication.Volume 9 Issue 6, p [83] Zaizul Ab Rahman, Jaffary Awang, Mazlan Ibrahim, Mohd Haidhar Kamarzaman, Muhammed bin Yusof, Fakhrul Adabi Abdul Kadir, Shahrulanuar bin Mohamed (2018). Element Of Silent Repetition Of Prayers And Self-Reflection Or Introspection Approaches In Coping Problematic Behaviors Among Adolescents. International Journal Of Civil Engineering And Technology (IJCIET). IAEME Publication.Volume 9 Issue 7, p [84] Zaizul Ab Rahman, Nurul Nadhirah Zahari, A`Dawiyah Binti Ismail, Siti Norul Huda Sheikh Abdullah & Nur Riza Binti Mohd Suradi (2018). The Relationship Between Self Concept And Family Functioning In The Teenagers At Risk. International Journal Of Civil Engineering And Technology (IJCIET). IAEME Publication.Volume 9 Issue 7, p editor@iaeme.com

11 Elements of Thinking, Identity and Legislation in Education Practices in Malaysia About Maqasid Syariah [85] Zaizul Ab Rahman, Jaffary Awang, Ahmad Yunus Mohd Noor, Wan Haslan Khairuddin & Yusri Mohamad Ramli (2018). Factor Of Religiosity Practices And Islamic Mental- Cognitive Process In Adolescents At Risk In Bangi. International Journal Of Civil Engineering And Technology (IJCIET). IAEME Publication.Volume 9 Issue 8, p [86] Zaizul Ab Rahman, Ahmad Yunus Mohd Noor, Siti Norul Huda Sheikh Abdullah, Azianura Hani Shaari & Norulhuda Binti Kusenin (2018). The Relationship Of Islamic Cognitive Reasoning Elements And Islamic Psychosocial As Pillars In The Self Empowerment Of Risky Teenagers. International Journal Of Civil Engineering And Technology (IJCIET). IAEME Publication.Volume 9 Issue 8, p [87] Zamri Toti, Ruslin Amir & Saemah Rahman Dimensi kekuatan diri dalam pembinaan instrumen jati pelajar sekolah menengah di Malaysia. The 4 th International Conference on Learner Diversity: Education for Diverse Learners, hlm editor@iaeme.com