Satsang Basics II. 1. We help others, but seldom we forget to help and that means to help our. Ourselves, Soul

Transcription

1 Satsang Basics II 1. We help others, but seldom we forget to help and that means to help our. Ourselves, Soul 2. Who is the relative of soul? Body is the relative of soul 3. Where does our soul lives? Our soul lives in Maharaj s murti. 4. God helps those who help Themselves 5. What is Siddhant of HDH Bapji Siddhant ma Samadhan Nahi ane Niyam Dharam ma Chhut-Chhat Nahi 6. Narrate one story of HDH Bapji s determination to fulfill Maharaj s niyam Not to touch or keep money. Once upon a time, HDH Bapji wanted to travel to do katha in a far away village. As per Maharaj s niyam, he didn t touch or carry any money. He asked many devotees to buy a bus ticket or give him a ride but no one was willing to do that seva. HDH Bapji s goal was to never break any niyam of Maharaj, so he walked 10 miles (16 km) one way to do katha. He had to walk 20 miles (32 km) per day but he never kept money with him. This shows out HDH Bapji s determination to fulfill Maharaj s niyam. 7. What does below picture of 4-person bicycle explains? Page 1 of 21

2 Family of 4 person is riding bicycle. In this case, one is riding bicycle to help themselves while helping others. So, we should also not forget to help ourselves first in terms of reaching our goal to attain Maharaj s murti 8. How should you prepare before coming to your sabha? We should always arrive with our Satsang notebook and pen/pencil to take notes. (Please keep one book for Satsang notes) We should be wearing simple and appropriate clothes to our Sabha. Ideally, boys should wear white kurta/ Pajama but if it is not possible then a white shirt/t-shirt & Pant/Jeans. Girls, ideally should wear an Indian dress. 9. Check below to see few examples on which kind of clothes are acceptable and which are not. Page 2 of 21

3 10. Can you identify from below pictures that which is acceptable and which is not, in terms of arranging our shoes? 11. Which are basic to-do after arriving at mandir, in terms of darshan/ dandvat? When we reach the Mandir, the first thing we should do is Maharaj s darshan. Boys then should do 6 dandvat pranam and girls should do 6 panchang pranam. We should then do darshan of Bapashree, Sadgurus, HDH Bapji, and HH Swamishree. We should then touch each other s feet (whoever is sitting in that room) and greet each other with Jay Swaminarayan. We should always do few Dandvat Pranam before we start sabha to respect our sabha. 12. Which are the basic manners to follow during our sabha? We should sit in a line, rather than sitting randomly. We should sit quietly and listen to the sabha. This will avoid disturbance to others who are attentively listening. We should also take notes in our Satsang notebook. We should participate actively in sabha during question-answer sessions and games. 13. Decide which way of sitting in Sabha is acceptable and which is not acceptable? Page 3 of 21

4 14. What we should be making sure before leaving mandir after sabha? We should always make sure that our Mandir is clean and tidy. Remember it s our home too. We should see if there is any other seva that we can do like cleaning the floor, taking the trash out, arranging shelves, arranging shoe racks, wiping window panes, etc. Seva is not big or small. Maharaj will be very happy with us even if we do our smallest part. 15. Which are few examples which help us understand that Body (Deh) and Soul (Atma) are two different identities and we must separate them to attain murti? Banana We buy Banana, but we cannot eat directly. We must peel banana skin and can eat inner part only and that is real banana. Glass and Box We cannot wear glass when it is in box, but we must remove it from its cover to wear it. My Pen/ My Shoes We usually say that this is my pen, this is my shoes, but me and pen is different, not same identity. In Same way, we should understand this is (my) body and me and my body is different. I am soul who lives in murti and my body is different. 16. What does Dirty Shirt represents in understanding Body is different than our soul? Our body and Shirt which we wear are different. Just as we remove dirty shirt from our body, In same way Kam (Desires), Krodh (Anger), Lobh (Greed) etc are like Dirty Shirt and that is attached to our body, not our soul. As Dirty Shirt and Body is different, same way we should understand that our body (full of desire, anger and greed) is different than our soul. Page 4 of 21

5 17. What is Moksha? Moksha means getting freedom from re-birth. One should go through thousands of cycles of birth and deaths to extinguish all the Karma. 18. What is the most useless thing on earth? Most useless thing on earth is our body 19. What does Hindus do to body after death? Usually Hindus cremate the body after death. 20. What Maharaj has spoken in Vachnamrut Vadtal 10? One should keep firm faith in Bhagvãn s murti and perform bhakti while observing swadharma, as this can also grant kalyãn to the jeev. 21. When murti is believed to tantamount to direct worship of the Bhagwan Swaminarayan? When a murti is consecrated in accordance with dharmik rituals in mandirs that murti is believed to Divine / Bhagwan Swaminarayan Himself. Thereafter, worship of the murti is believed to tantamount to direct worship of the Bhagwan Swaminarayan 22. Define Darshan. Darshan is derived from the Sanskrit root word drush which means to see. To see the murti of God Maharaj, guru, santos, and haribhaktos with reverence and devotion is called darshan. By doing such darshan the devotee develops love and glory for them. Then Maharaj and the guru graces and confers their blessings upon the devotee. Pilgrims travel hundreds and thousands of kilometers for the darshan of deities and gurus. 23. Define different types of darshan. Avarbhav na Darshan - To perceive idol or photo attributes in Maharaj s murti (deity) or to see Maharaj s deity with humanly feelings. Parbhav na Darshan - To understand and then perceive divine attributes in Maharaj s murti (deity). Remove all idol and photo attributes and understand Maharaj is omnipresent Page 5 of 21

6 24. Where and what Maharaj has explained in Vachnamrut, about way of doing darshan? Maharaj has explained way of doing darshan in Vachnamrut Sarangpur 2. This is the text: When a bhakta does darshan of Bhagvãn, he should do so with a focused mind and concentrated vision. Instead, when a person, or a dog, or some other animals, or a bird, disturbs him while he is performing darshan of Bhagvãn, then his vrutti is broken from Bhagvãn s darshan. He begins to glance here and there, up and down, and see them at the same time. Bhagvãn and the senior sãdhus are not at all pleased upon seeing a person with such wandering vision Therefore, while performing darshan of Bhagvãn a person should not look from side to side. 25. What is Japa? Repetition of Maharaj s name (Swaminarayan) is called japa. Japa literally means 'chanting'. It is derived from the Sanskrit verb-root japa - which means 'to chant'. 26. How mala is performed? Mala is performing while chanting Swaminarayan Mahamantra and placing mala on the second finger of the right hand and turning the beads in a clockwise direction with the thumb. 27. How many beads a mala have? Mala always have 108 beads with a large bead called sumeru/meru/mel at its centre. Page 6 of 21

7 28. Show beads and sumeru/meru/mel. Sumeru/Meru/Mel (C ) Beads (108) 29. Why there are 108 beads in mala? The significance of this lies in the number of breaths a person takes during his/her waking hours. Ancient rishis calculated that a person takes on average 15 breaths a minute. In times when electric light bulbs and tube lights were fittings of the future, people had 12-hour days and 12-hour nights. Ideally, an ardent devotee would like to take the name of Bhagwan with every breath. During his waking hours, that would mean he would have to chant the name of Bhagwan 10,800 times. (15(breath per minute) *60(minutes per hour) *12(hour days)) 30. What is Gaumukhi and why it is being used? A Gaumukhi is a small L-shaped cloth bag that can store your mala and allow you to turn your mala within it. People should use Gaumukhi, because a mala is a tool for worship, it, must be duly respected. Your mala should not be allowed to touch the floor or your feet. People use a Gaumukhi to ensure this. 31. What are the benefits of doing mala? Few of the benefits are as under: The mala helps one to focus one s thoughts on Bhagwan Swaminarayan. It calms and purifies the mind from agitation and worldly thoughts. Page 7 of 21

8 It is an extremely effective method to pacify one s mind and silence its many fleeting thoughts. The mala is a potent tool for keeping an unruly mind on the task at hand. With the mala, the mind falls into a rhythm of repetition. The physical turning of the beads one after the other follows the beat of this rhythm. Usually, when the rhythm is broken, the hand stops moving, and it is easy to catch the mind losing concentration. Moving the mala beads is also an effective way of channeling the restless energy that keeps surfacing when sitting in a totally still posture. 32. What is Pradakshina? Pradakshina or Parikrama is circumambulation (walking) clockwise around a shrine or murti of Bhagwan, a devotional act expressing respect and honor to Maharaj s divine presence. It is performed to symbolize, that Bhagwan is the centerpoint of our life. 33. How Ideal Pradakshina is performed? The Pradakshina should be done slowly and never in a hurry. Our thoughts and action must dwell in Maharaj. With folded hands and visualizing Maharaj in mind all the time. 34. What is significance of Pradakshina? We cannot draw a perfect circle without a centre point. Maharaj is the centre, source and essence of our lives. We acknowledge this by performing Pradakshina recognizing him as the focal point in our lives and go about doing our daily chores. Also, every point on the circumference of a circle is equidistant from the centre. This means that wherever we may be or whoever we may be, we are equally close to the lord. His grace flows towards us without partiality. 35. Why does it matter to be Tolerant? It is the key to easing tensions between family/devotees/school mates and to help communities move past conflict. To show respect and understanding in others thoughts or opinions. It is an essential aspect of a healthy and livable society. Page 8 of 21

9 36. Provide one example from our sabha which shows children are getting intolerant to parents thoughts/ advice. A parent had asked his son to get him his shoes when he was going to the mandir. The son got aggravated and said Why should I do that?. His dad asked again politely, and the son ignored him and started playing on his phone. The dad finally walked over to him and nudged him and said, What kind of son are you? Can't even help out in bringing shoes? Then the parents left for the mandir. The son got really upset and went to his room and punched the wall. He hurt himself and hurt his parents feelings. 37. Why your parents always ask you to save money and shop only things you need? So, that we children learn the difference between necessity and splurge!! 38. Why mostly your parents want to drop you at school or where you want to go? Because they want you (their children) to be safe!! 39. Why your Dad does so much work at office at day and sometimes till late night? Just for us, so they can fulfill our needs. 40. After being taken care well by our parents, what we are giving them in return (which is not advisable to do) We ignore them and back answer them. If they ask for any help, we run away or take a nap or play games 41. The highest result of education is Tolerance 42. Which are different intolerant things we have seen or done in school? Exclude another student from an activity because they were somehow different. Seen someone alienated because of a speech issue or is not good in something. Students make fun of us if we go to school by applying Tilak-Chandlo. 43. Provide few examples of tolerance power of HDH Bapji, PP Swamishree and P. Saints. HDH Bapji, PP Swamishree and P. Saints does vicharan by tolerating extreme temperatures, terrain and behavior. Page 9 of 21

10 In early days of satsang, HDH Bapji, PP Swamishree and P Saints were eating once a day to save money and tolerating hunger. Once, during early days of satsang PP Swamishree was forced of sit on bonet (front part) of bus which is very hot to travel to next village to do satsang. 44. Provide few examples of tolerance power of our Lord Swaminarayan. Maharaj also tolerated weather, terrains and behavior to provide moksha. Maharaj tolerated behavior and did not kill bad people (like Joban Pagi), but directed them to lead good life. Maharaj also taught same thing to his Saints and devotees. 45. How we should be more tolerant in mandir? We might not like someone at the mandir, but we should not be rude to them and should treat everyone nicely What someone says can be for our benefit to improve us We should not get angry, when someone tells us to behave properly or ask to do seva. Best way is to understand that everyone coming to mandir are Anadimukt and Maharaj resides in them and if we are rude to them, we are rude to Maharaj. If we are angry on them, then we are angry on Maharaj. 46. How Diamonds are formed? In nutshell, Diamonds are formed at high temperature and pressure at depth. 47. What is family? A family is who eats together, plays together, and prays together, stay together. 48. Who plays a huge role in building, maintaining, and strengthening family bond with each other for the rest of your life? Ghar- Sabha 49. Define Gharsabha Gharsabha provides daily dose of communication to parents and children which helps them to better understand each other s spiritual, physical, and emotional needs. Conflicting schedules and varied interests make it increasingly difficult for members of a family to spend quality time together. Gharsabha offers a solution to this by enabling family members to gather daily to discuss satsang concepts and share Page 10 of 21

11 updates and happenings from each others lives. Gharsabha has reinforced the family dynamic for thousands of families. Gharsabha is the best remedy to Make Unity (Atmiyta) between our Family Member. Gharsabha is a powerful tool for our family to strengthen the Satsang and for solving our family problems easily. 50. How to do Gharsabha? Notify family members that we will have ghar sabha at certain day/ time/ place Prepare Maharaj s asana and Make sitting arrangement for family members Start gharsabha in provided format after doing charan sparash to all family members. All member of our family should sit together for Ghar Sabha at least 2 days in a week. The Gharsabha should last for min. 51. What is the ideal format of performing Ghar Sabha? Jaynaad Shlok gaan Prathna Kirtan Satsang (15-20 mins) Activity (5-10 mins) Dhoon 52. How to improve Atmiyta (Unity) among family and friends at our home and in satsang? મદદ કરત શ ખ (To Help other) મ ફ કરત શ ખ (To Forgive) મ હમ ન દ ર ટ થ જ વ ( To see others (and us) as Anadimukt) મમત, લ ગણ, મ ર પણ ન ભ વન ( Feeling of Myness) મલન, મ ળ પ- ઘરસભ કર. (Do Ghar Sabha) 53. Which are the Negative effects of using too much of technology in our day to day life? Poor school work (Grades) Page 11 of 21

12 Poor Concentration and Argumentativeness Increased Depression and Anxiety Attention Deficit and Impulsiveness Become more violent Negative impact of physical health 54. What to do before Padhramni of HariKrishna Maharaj with P. Saints or Mahila Muktos? Prepare Harikrishna Maharaj s asana. Prepare Arti. Prepare Prasad Prepare Harikrushna Maharaj haar Prepare asana for P. Santo or P. Mukto Prepare yourself Welcome Shreeji Maharaj and P. Santo or P. Mukto 55. How to prepare Maharaj s asana during Padhramni? Have one table that is higher than the sofa or chair in your house. Clean the table with a wet paper towel or a clean cloth. (if possible clean with Windex spray). Clean the table again with a dry paper towel or clean cloth. Laydown a new or washed bed sheet on the table nicely without any wrinkles on it. If you have a decorative cloth, you can use that on top of the sheet. If you don t have any, that is fine too. Take one Maharaj s murti from your house and have it birajman (gently put) on table. 56. How to prepare Prasad during Padhramni? Take one clean bowl or a plate. Wash it with dish washer liquid. Wipe it with dry clean cloth or paper towel. You can use some dry fruits for Maharaj. (almonds, pistachio, raisins, walnuts etc.) You can use some fresh fruit too. If you use fruit, you need to wash it with filtered water and dry it with clean cloth or a paper towel. Cut it with a clean knife. You can use any sweet but it should be home made. We cannot give Maharaj sweets bought from outside. Place prashadi plate near to Maharaj s asana or on the Maharaj asana. Page 12 of 21

13 57. What to do during breaks? Explore Outside. Visit Library as they have some events too during breaks. Experiment with cooking. (But only under adult supervision). Play with Dirt. (it is messy, but it is good too). Play with science. Learn Music. Read religious books. Do seva in mandir. 58. Which Year we are celebrating now? In observance of Vachnamrut Dwishatabdi (200) Mahotsav, we are celebrating this year as Mumuxuta Varsha 2 (Year). 59. How are we celebrating Mumuxuta Year? As part of Mumuxuta year, goal is to become real MUMUXU and we are trying to achieve that by various activities. 60. What is Mumuxu? One who has ONLY desire to attain Moksha (means freedom from sansara, the cycle of death and rebirth.) One who has ONLY desire to please Maharaj, Bapa and Motapurush One who has ONLY desire to bring smile on their face. 61. Which are four Characteristics of Mumuxu? Constant thinking and keeping into consideration that Who am I? and Why I am here? Understand and Implement Sankhya Gyan into our lives Be Nishkam We should first, make Maharaj raaji 62. Elaborate one example of Amba Sheth where he went ahead extended to make Maharaj please and bring smile on Motapurush s face. Amba Sheth had niyam of Maharaj s darshan before eating or drinking anything. So, he woke up early and walk for around 12 kms (7.5 miles) to do Maharaj s darshan by reaching at 5AM. Once Maharaj woke early and went to another village (Sarangpur) for Vicharan. So Amba Sheth went to Sarangpur for Darshan. But Maharaj left for Loya before Amba sheth reached their and then Vadtal. Till then Amba sheth did not Page 13 of 21

14 drank water as he did not have darshan. He walks for whole day to do Darshan without eating/ drinking anything. 63. Define Sakaam Bhakt and Nishkaam Bhakt Sakaam bhakt (Selfish devotee): He does Maharaj s bhakti for attainment of something. For example, get a good job, pass exams, get rid of illness, be rich, etc. Nishkaam bhakt (Selfless devotee): He does Maharaj s bhakti to please Maharaj and does not wish for anything in return. For example, he does not even wish for Moksha 64. Who wrote prathna: Kariye Raaji Ghanshyam. Sad. Nishkulanand Swami 65. What is one of the key understanding we should cultivate to become Nishkam Bhakt? Also, provide some examples. One of the key understanding one should cultivate is Whatever Maharaj is doing is doing good for me Example1: Akbar and Birbal Where Akbar had cut his finger and Birbal told it is for good. Akbar did not realize at that time, but when he was going to be killed by tribal people and got save because of that cut on his finger, he realized that whatever God is doing, is doing for good. So rather than asking for anything, we should just ask for his raajipo. Example2: Kadva Bhagat had severe stomach ache at times. Maharaj gave him darshan and asked that why he is not asking to relieve him from this ache. Kadva Bhagat replied that I cannot ask anything else than your raajipo and you are aware of it. It will be for my good only. So, I do not need to ask from you. Maharaj became raaji on him and blessed him. 66. What can we learn from P. Saints/ P. Mahila muktos while travelling with them? While travelling with them We can get their labh and can learn many things from their labh We can learn more about the location where we are travelling We can learn from others on how to interact with them. Page 14 of 21

15 67. What are the common seva we should be doing during stay of P. Saint/ P. Mahila mukto at temple? Cleaning P. Santos/P. Mahila Muktos living quarters (sweeping and moping) Bringing requested item, they need. Drying P. Santos/P. Mahila Muktos wet clothes (dhotiyu /gatadiyu / sari) Folding P. Santos/P. Mahila Muktos clothes Disposing of garbage Helping them on drafting some reports on computer Helping them on making some phone calls. 68. What are the common rules for Saint Ashram and/ or Mahila mukto s ashram? Never enter the P. Santos/P. Mahila Muktos kitchen. Sant ashram is a place of tranquility so we should not run, play or talk loudly in saint ashram. When P. Santos/P. Mahila Muktos are in a meeting or sleeping, we should be extra quiet and should not enter the ashram. When meeting P. Santos/P. Mahila Muktos for the first time in the day, we should do 2 dandvat. When P. Santos/P. Mahila Muktos are eating, we should do dandvat from the outside of the kitchen. 69. What Shriji Maharaj have commanded in Shikshapatri Shlok 139? One shall serve their parents and dependent people throughout their lives. 70. What are ways to help our parents? Cleaning your room Folding and putting clothes away Helping in kitchen to set dishes and clean-up Doing at least one seva in Ghar Mandir Taking out the trash Taking care of younger siblings 71. Why did Maharaj involved himself in performing last rites of Jhinabhai? Jhinabhai had personally performed seva of a sick devotee (Karamsinh Vhanjha) by bringing him home and helping him to recover quickly. Maharaj was very raaji on Jhinabhai, so he took part in last rites of him. 72. What is the village name where Jhinabhai and Karamsinhbhai resided? Jhinabhai resided in village name Panchala and Karamsinhbhai resided in village name Maangrol. Page 15 of 21

16 73. What is leading effort currently going on by our organization (SMVS) to help poor? As per desire of HDH Bapji and PP Swamishree, we are building a Multi-Specialty hospital to serve poor. 74. What Maharaj taught us during Nilkanth Varni phase by serving Sevakraam? Nilkanth Varni performed seva of Sevakraam in selfless manner by not taking care of himself, but serving him while he was sick, carry his 43 pounds (20 kg) of belongings. Sevakraam never offered or asked if Nilkanth varni had any food or if he is ok. Though Nilkanth varni continued doing his seva and showed us ideal way of doing seva by not expecting anything. 75. Who Am I? Anadimukt 76. Who are our Satpurush / Motapurush? H.D.H Bapji H.H. Swamishree 77. Person with a attitude will say 'I can'. Positive 78. What is Vachnamrut composed of? Compilation of Maharaj s Divyavani (Labh) 79. Your determines your direction Attitude Page 16 of 21

17 80. This is process To become a Anadimukt 81. If we find one positive quality in each person, we would have hundreds of positive qualities. Who spoke this sentence? AbjiBapashree 82. How many Vachnamrut are there? Atma (Soul) have Shape. True or False -- False 84. what is the purpose of Bal sabha? To learn how to make Maharaj and mota-purush Raji To learn about our religious values To learn about good behavior 85. You were going to organize a picnic with friends, but it is raining. You are thinking What a misfortune! The next time everything will be fine.. What kind of attitude is this? optimism 86. How many parts and sections are there in Vachnamrut? 2 Parts, 11 Section Page 17 of 21

18 87. Advantages of Maharaj s Kartapanu One can become courageous. Fear reduces for materialistic world decreases to non-existent. Faith on God can be increased. Trust on God can be increased. We can forgive people easily 88. What is the purpose of our life? To attain a status of Anadimukt 89. What is Sad. Gunatitanand Swami s previous (Purvashram) name? Mulji Sharma 90. Positive thinking can benefit us - Help achieving goals and attaining success Greater inner power and strength 91. What is in the introduction of every Vachnamrut? Date (in samvat format), Location, What Maharaj was wearing, who was present 92. What shape Anadimukt have? Same as Bhagwan Swaminarayan 93. You've been coming for Bal/Balika sabha for a year with a someone who's constantly criticizing you about seva and satsang activities, saying you'll never amount to anything and you can never do anything right. (Write your positive attitude) First, I should stop myself from getting angry when I m criticized by My sanchalak or any bal/balika mukt. Take a deep breath, and give it a little thought. They are criticizing my actions (Vartan), not me. They want me to improve day by day. If they won t show me my mistakes, then I wouldn t be able correct my mistakes. Correcting my mistakes, I will become an Ideal (આદશર ) kid of Maharaj and earn lots of Rajipo from my PP Bapji and PP Swamishree. Page 18 of 21

19 94. Your body will convert in to Anadimukt? True or False -- False 95. Write Two reason why we should read Vachnamrut: Provides us with guidance to life Shows a path to attain Eternal Bliss Answers our moral and spiritual questions Tells us Maharaj s Ruchi 96. Why was Titabhagat happy even after everybody criticized him? He Had a Positive Attitude 97. The highest achievement for the soul is to become Anadimukt 98. What did Maharaj wear most often? White Clothes 99. You come to know that a hidden camera has been installed in your bedroom so your behavior will be changed due to Presence (Pragatbhav) of the Hidden Camera 100. What is the first step of implementation of Vachnamrut in our life? Shravan (effective reading/listening) 101. You are only sad if you are Dissatisfied 102. If you focus on the flaws and problems in yourself, other people, and the world around you, then you are Negative Thinker 103. is like gaining admission to school, is like completing the course. Prapti, Sthiti Page 19 of 21

20 104. Maharaj s presence is experienced as per one s of soul. Purity 105. My friend is not coming to sabha so I will not come. Which attitude is this? Negative attitude 106. What can we learn from the G.P.6 Vachnamrut? We should take gunn from everyone not avgun 107. Out of all the souls in the infinite universes, Maharaj has made us number and who is number 1? 2, Swaminarayan Bhagwan 108. Maharaj is always present in Temple only? True or False False 109. You enter the sabha room and don't see anyone. Someone tells you that sanchalak is in the room, perhaps behind the stage, and can see you. Suddenly, your behavior will change. What bhav is this called? Pragatbhav 110. What does lila mean? A lila is an act (Chaitra) performed by Maharaj or mota-purush that may seem an act performed by an ordinary human but has divine moto behind it that may or may not be understood by us Why Maharaj and mota-purush do lila? To fulfill the wish of their devotee and to accept the seva of their devotee 112. How old Ghanshyam was when a demoness Kotda tried to kill him? Ghanshyam was 6 days old Why HDH Bapji was feeling cold after sabha? Poojariji had forgotten to wrap the blanket around Maharaj s murti, due to ekta / unity of Maharaj and motapurush, HDH Bapji got cold as Maharaj was feeling cold as well. Page 20 of 21

21 114. What is KL and PL? KL means Knowledge in Life and PL means Practical in Life What does Pratyaksh mean? Pratyaksh literally means that which is perceptible to the eye or visible, in general it refers to being present before the eye. Page 21 of 21