The Previous Lives of Gautama Buddha: the Jatakas
|
|
- Tamsin Bridges
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Previous Lives of Gautama Buddha: the Jatakas Devotees who were permitted to ascend to the first gallery inside the balustrade would have entered a new world. Here they were screened off from the outside world by high walls, enabling them to imagine that they were in a realm of fantasy. The first gallery contains four relief series; two on the outer balustrade, and two more on the main wall. It is thus necessary to circumambulate the monument four times in order to follow all the reliefs in proper order. Starting from the outer wall, entering the monument from the eastern stairway and turning left, visitors first see two series of reliefs, one above the other. Both illustrate stories from a very popular source in Buddhism; the Jatakas or birth stories which depict acts of self-sacrifice performed by Gautama Buddha in his earlier incarnations. The Jatakas occupy 500 panels on the first balustrade and 100 on the balustrade of the second gallery, or 600 panels in all. Jatakas were favorite subjects for both Mahayana and Theravada Buddhists (the type of Buddhism popular in mainland Southeast Asia today). Conventionally there are 547 Jatakas. They have been written down in several versions. Not all the Jataka reliefs at Borobudur have been identified; if as seems likely the Javanese had a particular manuscript of the Jatakas, it does not seem to have survived. It seems to have differed in some respects from versions known from other countries. A text entitled Jatakalamala or Garland of Birth Stories written in the fourth century is attributed to a man named Aryasura. This text, or a very similar one, seems to have been used to design the first 34 stories covering 135 panels at Borobudur, but from there on the stories begin to deviate. OPPOSITE: The first gallery: once inside the walls, the outside world becomes almost invisible. The visitor is suddenly surrounded by a fantasy realm replete with beautiful people, monsters, exotic landscapes, and other imagery far removed from daily experience. Before the age of moving pictures, this huge picture gallery must have exercised a profound influence on viewers. BELOW: (IB b24-25) This pair of reliefs from the Jataka tales narrates the story of Buddha in one of his early incarnations. He was a rabbit whose friends were a jackal, otter, and ape. He taught them the virtue of generosity. The old man in the left relief is actually the god Indra in disguise. He often tested the future Buddha s virtue. In this case the jackal, otter, and ape all brought food for the old man, but Buddha had nothing to give, so he offered himself to be eaten
2 ABOVE: (IB a ) In these reliefs, the future Buddha is a giant sea tortoise. He sees a ship in danger of sinking, with sharks lurking nearby to eat the men. He saves the 500 merchants by carrying all of them on his back. Arriving on a desert island, where there is no food, he gives himself to them to eat. This Jataka, Kacchapavadana, only appears in one Sanskrit text. This indicates that the Borobudur planners had access to some rare texts
3 OPPOSITE: (I Ba 214) This is another relief which has not been deciphered. The import of this panel is however clear: it represents heaven, with a wishing tree or kalpataru growing out of clouds, with vases of jewels beneath it and a parasol in front of it. Two kinnara or heavenly bird-humans complete the scene which seems to be framed by an architectural element such as a doorway. BELOW: (Left) (I Ba 115) This relief is the last of four panels which tell the story of Buddha as an elephant. After helping some people lost in the forest find their way, he kills himself to provide food for them, the people honor him by building a stupa. The artist has depicted a lotus pond in front of it, enabling us to envision a similar scene in ancient Java. (Right) (I Ba166) This relief belongs to an undeciphered series. The appearance of Garuda is not surprising; the builders of Borobudur assumed that the Hindu deities existed, but acknowledged the supremacy of the Buddhist philosophy. The person seated next to Garuda may be Visnu. The next relief (not shown) depicts a Buddha-like figure preaching, so these two panels are probably connected. The upper series of reliefs on the first balustrade was added at a later phase in the monument s development. The new stones were not integrated into the structure, and many have disappeared, either through natural collapse or looting. The reason for this addition has not been discovered, but as noted earlier, may have been intended to replace the depiction of the law of cause and effect on the now-hidden foot. The carving of the decorations separating the panels on the first balus trade have been judged as of poorer artistic quality than the rest of the monument, another indication that they were tacked on. In Jatakas illustrated here, story 6 tells of the time when the future Buddha was incarnated as a rabbit. The rabbit taught his friends (a jackal, an otter, and an ape) the importance of generosity. The god Indra, adopted from Hinduism, often appears in Jatakas to test the future Buddha s resolve to attain enlightenment. In this story Indra disguised himself as a brahman. Buddha s three friends could bring food but the rabbit could not, so he gave himself by jumping into the fire (picture IBb24-25). In another story (picture 19 Iba ), the bodhisattva was a sea turtle. When he saw a ship sinking and a sea monster about to eat the hapless passengers, he rescued them and carried them to a nearby island. Seeing that there was nothing on the island for the people to eat, he gave himself to be cooked to save their lives. The Jatakas appear to have been considered as slightly more elevating than the Law of Cause and Effect, since they were given a higher placement on the monument. The carving style is lively, even humorous, and seems to include many scenes taken from daily life in Java at this time. It includes pictures of people worshiping stupas, and also a garuda worshipping Buddha. Buddhism did not deny the existence of supernatural beings such as gods, garudas, and kinnara, and it is no surprise that they were often incorporated into the service of spreading the law of Buddha
4 ABOVE: (Iba ) Buddha is a golden swan living on Lake Manasa. He is probably the bird on the upper left of the first panel. In the second panel, the king of Banares sits on his throne. He hears of the wise swans and wants to meet them. A fowler snares the Buddha (scene at right), but eventually frees him and Buddha goes to the king s court voluntarily. RIGHT ABOVE: (Iba58) Buddha as a quail. The forest where the future Buddha lives is threatened by fire. Buddha, in at lower left, pleads with Agni, god of fire, to spare the living creatures and the fire stops. FOLLOWING PAGE: (Iba ) In this unidentified story, a king is accompanied by female attendants; they pour water on a stupa from an ewer in an action of worship; and at right men bring pots of jewels to offer to the stupa
5 58 59
6 The Lives of the Other Enlightened Ones: the Avadanas BELOW: (Ib5) In one of the Avadana stories about a miscellany of subjects, Manohara, a nymph, has been captured by a human who fell in love with her. She stands alone against a plain background which emphasizes her paralysis, while on the left her sisters flee from a lotus pond where they had come to bathe. Some look back as if to ask why she is not joining them. The Avadanas are another class of popular tales. Some concern other people who attained enlightenment, while others seem to be purely entertaining fables. The first of these, shown on the lower register of the first main wall of Borobudur, depicts the love story of a human man and a nymph named Manohara. This story is known in many parts of Southeast Asia; in some areas such as southern Thailand it became the basis for a dance drama. The first 21 reliefs of the Avadana series on Borobudur are devoted to this tale, which seems to have been drawn from a Sanskrit original entitled Divyadana. In relief Ib5, the young man named Sudhana sits beside a lotus pond where he has come upon Manohara and her sisters bathing. He has learned a spell from a wise man which paralyzes her. The artist who designed the relief has effectively emphasized her inability to move by isolating her against a plain background while on the left all the other nymphs are flying into the air. One looks back at Manohara in wonderment that she does not flee too (photo below, this page). Manohara marries Sudhana and lives in the palace with him and his father the king. The other palace women become jealous of her beauty and hatch a plot to murder her while Sudhana is away on a military expedition. She recovers her power of flight and escapes from the palace. This relief is another of Borobudur s masterpieces. Another story concerns a righteous king who forbids killing. Indra decides to test him, and changes into a falcon in order to pursue a dove into the king s palace. The king then forbids the falcon to eat the dove, but when the falcon points out that he must eat meat or die, the good kings Sibi offers to give the falcon an amount of his flesh to eat equivalent to the weight of the dove. Sibi cuts off various parts of his body, but Indra slyly fixes the scales so that they never are heavy enough. Eventually King Sibi offers his entire body, at which point Indra concedes Sibi s good faith and restores him (photo above, this page). The story of Rudrayana and King Bimbisara depicts the fate of a king who oppresses a Buddhist monk. In this relief jewelry and money pour out of oval vases floating in clouds just before the city of the evil king is to be destroyed. A dense crowd gathers up the treasure; one humorously-depicted man grins as he holds a bowl to protect his head. Two ministers at lower left who have been warned of what is about to happen fill their small boat with jewelry in preparation for their escape. The king, unaware of his approaching doom, sits in a pavilion in front of a building representing the rest of the city (picture Ib82). In the next photo (Ib86), pages , the good minister Hiru arrives at his new home. The ship in the right half of the panel is one of the best sources of information on ancient Indonesian ship construction; it is equipped with outriggers like traditional Southeast Asian craft, and has several sails. The strong sensation of movement imparted by the ship s depiction contrasts vividly with the serenity of the left sode of the panel, where Hiru is greeted by the local people. Their house in the background is also very realistically depicted. The house s construction corresponds better to what we know of houses in other parts of Indonesia than to Java: it is set on pillars, and the roof employs the stressed roofbeam technique found today in parts of Sumatra and Sulawesi (page 158). ABOVE: (Ib 56) In a well-known Jataka, the future Buddha is the good King Sibi. Indra decides to test his goodness by taking the form of a hawk and chasing a dove into the palace. The future Buddha offers himself to be eaten, cutting off various parts of his body and placing them on the scale to equal the weight of the dove s meat. Indra then acknowledges his virtue and restores him
South-East Asia comprises two large areas: part of the Asian mainland, and the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra.
SOUTHEAST ASIA The migration of peoples and ideas from India was the major influence on South-Eastern culture, shaping cultural expression, from art, mythology and written language to religion, mathematics
More informationBuddhism. Ancient India and China Section 3. Preview
Preview Main Idea / Reading Focus The Life of the Buddha The Teachings of Buddhism The Spread of Buddhism Map: Spread of Buddhism Buddhism Main Idea Buddhism Buddhism, which teaches people that they can
More informationCultural Diffusion and the image of the Buddha
Cultural Diffusion and the image of the Buddha 10-22-14 Directions: Using the map below and the attached images, explore how the image of the Buddha changed as Buddhism spread from India to other parts
More informationWORLD RELIGIONS. Buddhism. Hinduism. Daoism * Yin-Yang * Cosmogony. Sikhism. * Eight Fold Path. Confucianism Shintoism
Sikhism Buddhism * Eight Fold Path Daoism * Yin-Yang * Cosmogony WORLD RELIGIONS Confucianism Shintoism Hinduism RELIGION set of beliefs for a group of people Soul or spirit; a deity or higher being; life
More informationArchitecture: From Ashoka to Gupta 3 rd century BCE to 5 th century CE
Architecture: From Ashoka to Gupta 3 rd century BCE to 5 th century CE 1 Don t forget the Met Museum Time-Line of art and culture http://www.metmuseum.org/ toah/ht/? period=05®ion=ssa Life of the Historic
More informationThe Power of Bodhi: The Miraculous Mergence of the Four Begging Bowls by the Buddha Represented in Gandhara Sculpture
The Power of Bodhi: The Miraculous Mergence of the Four Begging Bowls by the Buddha Represented in Gandhara Sculpture Ghani ur Rehman Abstract The present work discusses one of the many prodigies that
More informationHomework B: India and Southeast Asia
Name: Due Date: Homework B: India and Southeast Asia Please answer these questions as you read Chapter 3 of your textbook, which deals with Buddhist and Hindu art. There is a brief examination of Islamic
More informationAP World History Chapter 3. Classical Civilization India
AP World History Chapter 3 Classical Civilization India Aryan Civilization Indo European people who migrated across Europe and Asia. No Archeological record of early Aryans. Priests called Vedas kept
More informationBuddhism. Webster s New Collegiate Dictionary defines religion as the service and adoration of God or a god expressed in forms of worship.
Buddhism Webster s New Collegiate Dictionary defines religion as the service and adoration of God or a god expressed in forms of worship. Most people make the relationship between religion and god. There
More informationHindu. Beginnings: second century BCE to second century CE. Chapter 2
Hindu Beginnings: second century BCE to second century CE Chapter 2 While sacred scriptures of Hinduism date back to the middle of the first Millennium BCE, Hindu architecture and art are relatively late.
More informationDecline of the Indus River Valley civilizations - -
Quick-Write: 8/30 Decline of the Indus River Valley civilizations - - Aryans - Aryans Aryans and Vedas Aryans and Vedas Aryans and Vedas Aryans and Social Order Aryans and Social Order - Caste System
More informationTOPIC: ALL OF TERMINOLOGY LIST 3
This chapter covers the religion, art and architecture of the people of South and Southeast Asia prior to 1200 CE. We will discuss the Indus Valley culture, the Vedic, Maurya, Shugas, Andhras, Kushan,
More informationEnlightenment: Dharma: Siddhartha Gautama
Notebook: Buddhism 09/17/2013 Belief System? Philosophy? Religion? 4 th Largest Religion (350-550 million followers) Siddhartha Gautama Born a prince. Became disillusioned with palace life. Asked himself,
More informationFour Noble Truths. The Buddha observed that no one can escape death and unhappiness in their life- suffering is inevitable
Buddhism Four Noble Truths The Buddha observed that no one can escape death and unhappiness in their life- suffering is inevitable He studied the cause of unhappiness and it resulted in the Four Noble
More informationIndias First Empires. Terms and Names
India and China Establish Empires Indias First Empires Terms and Names Mauryan Empire First empire in India, founded by Chandragupta Maurya Asoka Grandson of Chandragupta; leader who brought the Mauryan
More informationGeography of India. Deccan Plateau
Geography of India Deccan Plateau India is considered a subcontinent because of its size. It is actually a part of Asia. In the north are high mountains, the Himalayas and Hindu Kush. In the center is
More information2013 NRC Regular Category BOROBUDUR SHRINE RESTORATION
1 2013 NRC Regular Category Lower Secondary School Game description, rules, & scoring BOROBUDUR SHRINE RESTORATION 2 1. Prelude Borobudur, or Barabudur, is a 9th-century Mahayana Buddhist monument in Magelang,
More informationWelcome back Pre-AP! Monday, Sept. 12, 2016
Welcome back Pre-AP! Monday, Sept. 12, 2016 Today you will need: *Your notebook or a sheet of paper to put into your notes binder *Something to write with Warm-Up: In your notes, make a quick list of ALL
More informationEXCURSIONS/GENERAL INFO + LINKS DAY 3 3 PARTS (EARLY START/HALF DAY): PART 1 - ANGKOR WAT AT SUNRISE (3 DAY PASS OK)
EXCURSIONS/GENERAL INFO + LINKS DAY 3 3 PARTS (EARLY START/HALF DAY): PART 1 - ANGKOR WAT AT SUNRISE (3 DAY PASS OK) Wikipedia description of Angor Wat Angkor Wat is the largest Hindu temple complex in
More informationMauryan art and architecture ; All important facts(upsc PRELIMS 2017,Ancient History )
Mauryan art and architecture ; All important facts(upsc PRELIMS 2017,Ancient History ) Mauryan art and architecture We have tried to summarize all the important aspects related to Mauryan art and architecture,
More informationWorld History (Survey) Chapter 1: People and Ideas on the Move, 3500 B.C. 259 B.C.
World History (Survey) Chapter 1: People and Ideas on the Move, 3500 B.C. 259 B.C. Section 1: Indo-European Migrations While some peoples built civilizations in the great river valleys, others lived on
More informationAncient Buddhists Created Cave Temples Full of Sculptures
Ancient Buddhists Created Cave Temples Full of Sculptures By Atlas Obscura, adapted by Newsela staff on 09.07.17 Word Count 718 Level 1000L Bhaja Caves are a group of 22 rock-cut caves dating back to 200
More informationIntroduction to Indian Art An Appreciation Prof. Soumik Nandy Majumdar Department of History of Art Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur
Introduction to Indian Art An Appreciation Prof. Soumik Nandy Majumdar Department of History of Art Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur Module 03 Early Buddhist Art: Bharhut, Sanchi & Amaravathi Stupa
More informationPURE LAND BUDDHISM IN CHINA AND JAPAN
PURE LAND BUDDHISM IN CHINA AND JAPAN Grade Level This lesson was developed for an Asian Studies or a World History class. It can be adapted for grades 9-12. Purpose Over its long history, Buddhism has
More informationAPWH. Physical Geo. & Climate: India 9/11/2014. Chapter 3 Notes
APWH Chapter 3 Notes Physical Geo. & Climate: India Deccan Plateau & Hindu Kush Major bodies of water: Indus and Ganges, Indian Ocean, etc. Mountain Ranges: Himalayas, Ghats, etc. Desert: Thar Monsoons:
More informationHinduism and Buddhism
Hinduism and Buddhism Hinduism Backstory Oldest continually practiced religion in the world Originated in Indus River Valley 4,500 years ago (modern-day India and Pakistan) Currently 3 rd largest religion
More informationCHAPTER 9 ADVANCED PLACEMENT ART HISTORY
CHAPTER 9 ADVANCED PLACEMENT ART HISTORY ART OF SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA BEFORE 1200 LECTURE SLIDES READING ASSIGNMENT 27: 291-302 South and Southeast Asia South and Southeast Asia South Asia Southeast
More informationClick to read caption
3. Hinduism and Buddhism Ancient India gave birth to two major world religions, Hinduism and Buddhism. Both had common roots in the Vedas, a collection of religious hymns, poems, and prayers composed in
More informationHow does Buddhism differ from Hinduism?
Buddhism The middle way of wisdom and compassion A 2500 year old tradition that began in India and spread and diversified throughout the Far East A philosophy, religion, and spiritual practice followed
More informationAncient India. Section Notes Geography and Early India Origins of Hinduism Origins of Buddhism Indian Empires Indian Achievements
Ancient India Section Notes Geography and Early India Origins of Hinduism Origins of Buddhism Indian Empires Indian Achievements History Close-up Life in Mohenjo Daro Quick Facts The Varnas Major Beliefs
More informationHow to Become a Fourth Stage Arahant A Dummy's guide to being an Arahant
How to Become a Fourth Stage Arahant A Dummy's guide to being an Arahant email: Sukha@Sukhayana.com Version 1 Jul 14, 2009 1 When you have completed the third Jhana or become a Third Stage Arahant, you
More informationHinduism. Hinduism is a religion as well as a social system (the caste system).
Hinduism Practiced by the various cultures of the Indian subcontinent since 1500 BCE. Began in India with the Aryan invaders. Believe in one supreme force called Brahma, the creator, who is in all things.
More informationArc India 301 Ajanta Site General View From South Over Wahgora River Gorge ACSAA Slide (C)AAAUM
Arc India 301 General View From South Over Wahgora River Gorge Arc India 302 Approach Up Wahgora River Gorge Arc India 303 Caves 1-14 From Wahgora River Bed Arc India 304 Caves 14-28 Seen From The Falls
More informationRE Visit Activities. Buddha Trail
RE Visit Activities Buddha Trail Imagine you are on a Buddhist Trail in Asia and you are keeping a diary of your journey. You will see these symbols on your trail which tell you what you need to do to
More informationNan Paya Temple, A.D. 11th century
This pagoda lies south of Manuha Image. It is one of four Bagan monuments built of sandstones. The other three are Shwezigon, Kyauk Ku Umin and Set Ku Taik (which was a library at the foot of the Tuyin
More informationWorld Religions. Section 3 - Hinduism and Buddhism. Welcome, Rob Reiter. My Account Feedback and Support Sign Out. Choose Another Program
Welcome, Rob Reiter My Account Feedback and Support Sign Out Choose Another Program Home Select a Lesson Program Resources My Classes 3 - World Religions This is what your students see when they are signed
More informationBuddhism. enlightenment) Wisdom will emerge if your mind is clear and pure. SLMS/08
Buddhism SLMS/08 By about 600 BCE, many people in India had become dissatisfied with Brahmin power and privilege. Many began to question the rigid caste system of Hinduism, and began looking for other
More informationAssessment: Learning About Religions: Buddhism
Name Date Assessment: Learning About Religions: Buddhism Mastering the Content Circle the letter next to the best answer. 1. The name Buddha meant one who was A. sorrowful. B. awakened. C. everlasting.
More informationDukkha: Suffering in Buddhism
Dukkha: Suffering in Buddhism Awareness and Transcendence By Nobue Urushihara Urvil (Ph. D. student of the Institute for the Medical Humanities) The Buddha: the Enlightened One Buddhism is not a simple
More informationBuddhism. World Religions 101: Understanding Theirs So You Can Share Yours by Jenny Hale
Buddhism Buddhism: A Snapshot Purpose: To break the cycle of reincarnation by finding release from suffering through giving up desire How to earn salvation: Break the cycle of rebirth. Salvation is nirvana,
More informationhttp://collection.stormking.org/artist/nam-june-paik/ 1 http://stormking.org/artist/zhang-huan/ 2 http://stormking.org/artist/zhang-huan/ 3 Buddhism from India to Sri Lanka and the Himalayas Death and
More informationParabola in the Classroom
Nomad Girl A Lesson for Students Buddhism is a belief system that originated in India. Some Buddhists believe in bodhisattvas and gods and goddesses while other Buddhists do not. Tara is the Buddhist goddess
More informationWhy we re covering this
India s Religions Why we re covering this As the world became more united under the imperialist movement, interactions between cultures caused an increasing number of internal and social clashes The primary
More informationSS7G12 The student will analyze the diverse cultures of the people who live in Southern and Eastern Asia. a. Explain the differences between an
SS7G12 The student will analyze the diverse cultures of the people who live in Southern and Eastern Asia. a. Explain the differences between an ethnic group and a religious group. b. Compare and contrast
More informationPOWERPOINT. By: Tristen Hernandez. Friday, February 19, 16
POWERPOINT By: Tristen Hernandez 1 Required Works Great Stupa at Sanchi Great Stupa at Sanchi Detail North Gate Plan and Elevation Funeral Banner of Lady Dai Terra Cotta Warriors from Mausoleum of the
More informationTHE MEDIUM AND THE MESSAGE COMPARING AND CONTRASTING BUDDHIST SCULPTURE IN VARYING MATERIALS
THE MEDIUM AND THE MESSAGE COMPARING AND CONTRASTING BUDDHIST SCULPTURE IN VARYING MATERIALS This lesson is designed for a High School Asian Studies class that is studying Buddhist art in China and Japan.
More informationBC Religio ig ns n of S outh h A sia
Religions of South Asia 2500 250 BC Hinduism gave birth to Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism Christianity Jesus Christ, son of God the Bible Islam Muhammadlast prophet to talk to Allah t he Quran Do you think
More informationOnline Readings for TRA #3a. Essential Elements of Culture the course content site): 3. Dubois $0.02: Ancient & Medieval Buddhism in a Nutshell"!
Online Readings for TRA #3a Essential Elements of Culture (@ the course content site): 1. Review of Foundational Concepts" (PDF) 2. Two Views of History (reread) Supplementary Reading (this Guide & video
More informationWhich is true about the Ganges River?
ROUND 1 Which is true about the Ganges River? 1. The river is ignored by Indian religious rituals. 2. People do not drink the water because it is so polluted. 3. Many people use the river for transportation
More informationOrigins of two belief Systems. Hinduism and Buddhism
Origins of two belief Systems Hinduism and Buddhism Hinduism: INtro Hinduism is an ancient religion whose origins predate recorded history. It has no single human founder, and it has developed over thousands
More informationHindu Kush. Himalayas. monsoon. Harappan Civilization. planned city. Lesson Main Ideas. Physical Geography of India. Mountains and Waterways.
Grade 6 World History: Ancient Civilizations Chapter 7: Ancient India Lesson 1: Geography and Indian Life Objectives 1. Describe the physical features, including the river systems, that characterized ancient
More informationUNIT TWO In this unit we will analyze Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Indian, and Chinese culture.
UNIT TWO In this unit we will analyze Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Indian, and Chinese culture. UNIT TWO In this unit we will analyze Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Indian, and Chinese culture.
More informationfrom A New Earth, by Eckhart Tolle Enlightenment, Evolution, Beauty, Spirit
from A New Earth, by Eckhart Tolle Faculty / Adults Enlightenment, Evolution, Beauty, Spirit Introduce this seminar by describing the human need for meaning and connection. Acknowledge that schooling has
More informationSpirituality in India
Spirituality in India Hinduism One of the oldest major religions. Polytheism: belief in many gods. Hindus do not eat beef. Fourth largest world religion. (Christianity 1, Islam 2, Buddhism 3) Hindu Facts
More informationKuan Yin: The Merciful Heart Sunday Service Children s Story. Materials: Pictures of Kuan Yin and lotus flower OPTIONAL: Statues of Kuan Yin
Kuan Yin: The Merciful Heart Sunday Service Children s Story Materials: Pictures of Kuan Yin and lotus flower OPTIONAL: Statues of Kuan Yin Preparations: Because online videos often take a few minutes
More informationIn the Beginning. Creation Myths Hinduism Buddhism
In the Beginning Creation Myths Hinduism Buddhism In the second millennium BCE (2000 BCE) Indus valley cities disappeared. A series of invasions by Aryan people who introduced Sancrit, (the language of
More informationBuddhism. Buddhism is the worlds 4 th largest religion, with 7.1% of the world s population following the teachings of the Buddha.
Buddhism Buddhism is the worlds 4 th largest religion, with 7.1% of the world s population following the teachings of the Buddha. Only an estimated 3% of India today is Buddhist. Buddhism spread east and
More informationChapter 16 Learning About World Religions: Buddhism. What are the main beliefs and teachings of Buddhism?
Chapter 16 Learning About World Religions: Buddhism What are the main beliefs and teachings of Buddhism? 16.1. Introduction Keith Levit Photography //Worldofstock.com These young Buddhist monks stand in
More informationThe only cure for suffering is to follow the Eightfold Path, a middle road between a life devoted to pleasure and a life of harsh self-denial.
Chapter 4 Empires of India and China (600 B.C. A.D. 550) In what ways is Hinduism a complex religion? What are the major teachings of the Buddha? How did Buddhism spread beyond India to become a major
More informationEmpires of India and China
Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. Chapter 4, Section World History: Connection to Today Chapter 4 Empires of India and
More informationUse the chart below to take notes on where each group migrated and on the features of its culture. Indo-Europeans
Name CHAPTER 3 Section 1 (pages 61 65) The Indo-Europeans BEFORE YOU READ In the last chapter, you read about peoples who built civilizations in the great river valleys. In this section, you will learn
More informationPart 9 TEACHING & CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
GOODWILL TEACHING GUIDE World Religions through Art LIST OF CONTENTS BUDDHISM THROUGH ART A sequence of murals, sculptures, paintings, illustrated manuscripts, wallhangings and photographs; with background
More informationBuddhism in Tibet PART 2. p Buddhist Art
Buddhism in Tibet PART 2 p. 41-66 Buddhist Art Part one of the lecture stopped at the influence of China on Tibetan art. A purely Tibetan direction, with Esoteric Buddhism, combined the already existing
More informationReligions of South Asia
Religions of South Asia Buddhism in the Subcontinent The essence of Buddhism The middle way of wisdom and compassion. 2,500 year old tradition. The 3 jewels of Buddhism: Buddha, the teacher. Dharma, the
More informationSouth, East, and Southeast Asia 300 B.C.E 1980 C.E.
South, East, and Southeast Asia 300 B.C.E 1980 C.E. INDIA 192. Great Stupa at Sanchi 4 Madhya Pradesh, India Buddhist; Maurya, late Sunga Dynasty c. 300 B.C.E. 100 C.E. Stone Masonry, Sandstone on dome
More informationIndia is separated from the north by the Himalayan and Hindu Kush Mountains.
Ancient India Geography Of India India is called a subcontinent. Subcontinent: a large landmass that is smaller than a continent India is separated from the north by the Himalayan and Hindu Kush Mountains.
More informationSearchi g for the Curriculu of Sriwijaya 1
Searchi g for the Curriculu of Sriwijaya 1 By Iwan Pranoto (Professor at ITB and cultural attaché for the Indonesian Embassy in New Delhi, India) Iwan Pranoto It is well-known that students sailed from
More informationAP ART HISTORY ARTWORKS
AP ART HISTORY ARTWORKS Katherine Guzman 1 Required Works: 1. LONGMEN CAVES a. VAIROCANA BUDDHA, MONKS, AND BODHISATTVAS b. VAJRAPANI 2. GOLD AND JADE CROWN 3. TODAI-JI a. GREAT BUDDHA b. NIO GUARDIAN
More informationThe emergence of South Asian Civilization. September 26, 2013
The emergence of South Asian Civilization. September 26, 2013 Review What was the relationship of Han China to Vietnam, and to Korea? Who were the Xiongnu? (What is a barbarian?) What was the Silk Road?
More informationArt and Culture 1.7 Gupta Age Architecture (Caves Stupas and Sculptures) BY CIVIL JOINT.
Art and Culture 1.7 Gupta Age Architecture (Caves Stupas and Sculptures) BY CIVIL JOINT Gupta Age Emergence of the Gupta Empire in 4th century A.D. Golden period of the Indian Architecture Earlier Gupta:
More informationMISCELLANEOUS. MAHAYANA DOCTRINE AND ART.' ON THE STORY "AMITABHA." From Griffith's Paititings in the Aj'antd Caves.
. COMMENTS MISCELLANEOUS. MAHAYANA DOCTRINE AND ART.' ON THE STORY "AMITABHA." The story Amiidbha is the third in a series of short tales explanatory of Buddhism. The first of them, Karma, treats of Buddhist
More information8/16/2016 (34) Buddhist Monasteries Buddhist art and culture, an introduction A beginner's guide to Asian art and culture Art of Asia Khan Academy
Buddhist Monasteries Share Tweet Email Why Monasteries? Standing Male Worshipper (votive figure), c. 2900-2600 B.C.E., Eshnunna (modern Tell Asmar, Iraq), gypsum alabaster, shell, black limestone, bitumen,
More informationAPWH Chapters 4 & 9.notebook September 11, 2015
Chapters 4 & 9 South Asia The first agricultural civilization in India was located in the Indus River valley. Its two main cities were Mohenjo Daro and Harappa. Its writing, however, has never been deciphered,
More informationIndia s First Empires
CHAPTER 7 Section 1 (pages 189 192) India s First Empires BEFORE YOU READ In the last section, you read about the influence of ancient Rome. In this section, you will read about the Mauryan and Gupta Empires
More informationAncient India Summary Guide
Name Period Date Ancient India Summary Guide Be able to spell and define the following key concept terms: Subcontinent: a large landmass, usually partially separated by land forms, that is smaller than
More informationArt of South and Southeast Asia Before 1200
Art of South and Southeast Asia Before 1200 Stupa and early Buddhist sculpture, narrative style and tribhanga pose Early iconography of the Buddha: from symbols to icon Buddhist Cave Shrines of Ajanta
More informationSitting atop the world, Nepal is just one step away from heaven and for those who have discovered the country s many charms, it feels like it too.
Nepal FAM Trip 8 Nights 9 Days Date: Monday, April 9, 2018 About Nepal: Naturally Nepal, Once is not Enough - officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia
More informationtoday tomorrow together Thailand Partner Conference 2014
today tomorrow together Thailand Partner Conference 2014 VIENTIANE Date Time Event 09:00 am 02:00 pm Arrival and Check in 12:00 pm 02:30 pm Lunch Thursday 15 th May, 2014 03:00 pm 05:00 pm Conference Opening
More informationNon-Western Art History
Non-Western Art History The Art of India 1 2 Four Religions of India Brahmanism Buddhism Hinduism Jainism All four religions believe Life around us is an illusions Only Brahman, who is all inclusive, universal
More informationIntroduction. IN THE MIDDLE OF A vast expanse of farmland, a long, lonely
IN THE MIDDLE OF A vast expanse of farmland, a long, lonely road divides the green pastures. Cows graze lazily behind a small fence on one side of the road, seemingly oblivious to the constant flow of
More informationConstruction of a Mandala
Perhaps the most admired and discussed symbol of Buddhist religion and art is the mandala, a word which, like guru and yoga, has become part of the English language. Its popularity is underscored by the
More informationSOUTH-EAST ASIA THE CONSTRUCTION OF MONUMENTAL ARCHITECTURE BY EARLY CIVILIZATIONS OF SOUTH-EAST
1000 BC 500 BC AD 500 AD 1000 AD 1500 AD 2000 PLAIN OF JARS Laos MY SON SANCTUARY Vietnam NAN MADOL Micronesia WAT PHOU Laos BOROBUDUR Indonesia PRAMBANAN Indonesia PAGAN Myanmar BAYON TEMPLE Cambodia
More informationP9 Unit 4. Model Buddhists
P9 Unit 4 Model Buddhists King Asoka 2 3 King Asoka the Great (232-304 BCE) 3rd King of Mauryan Dynasty Son of King Bindusara and his wife Subhadrangi (or Dharma) King Bundusara had 100 sons and, before
More informationKey Concept 2.1. Define DIASPORIC COMMUNITY.
Key Concept 2.1 As states and empires increased in size and contacts between regions intensified, human communities transformed their religious and ideological beliefs and practices. I. Codifications and
More informationExplore Composition and Structure
Explore Composition and Structure Diverse Forms of Mahakala and Other Protectors Tibet, early 19th century Ground Mineral Pigment on Cotton C2007.21.1 (HAR 65787) This crowded, vibrant painting is dedicated
More informationANCIENT INDIA. The land and the Climate
ANCIENT INDIA India is located in southern Asia. On a map, India looks like a huge triangle of land pushing into the Indian Ocean. Natural barriers separate India from the rest of Asia. The Bay of Bengal
More informationIndia Notes. The study of Ancient India includes 3 time periods:
India Notes The Indian Civilization The study of Ancient India includes 3 time periods: Indian Geography The 1 st Indian Civilization began along the River now located in the country of. Many people know
More informationWorld Religions- Eastern Religions July 20, 2014
World Religions- Eastern Religions July 20, 2014 Start w/ Confucianism and look at it s rebirth into Buddhism What do you know about Confucianism? Confucius quotes: -And remember, no matter where you go,
More informationThe following presentation can be found at el231/resource/buddhism.ppt (accessed April 21, 2010).
The following presentation can be found at http://www.nvcc.edu/home/lshulman/r el231/resource/buddhism.ppt (accessed April 21, 2010). Buddhism The middle way of wisdom and compassion A 2500 year old tradition
More informationIndia s First Empires
Section 1 India s First Empires The Mauryas and the Guptas establish empires, but neither unifies India permanently. 1 India s First Empires The Mauryan Empire Is Established Chandragupta Maurya Seizes
More informationhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8nn5uqe3c9w
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8nn5uqe3c9w Indo-Aryan Migration: Waves of migration into the Indus Valley from people from Eastern Europe & Central Asia. Indus valley people were made up of local, dark
More informationBrahma: The Hindu God who Created the World
Brahma: The Hindu God who Created the World By Mark Cartwright, Ancient History Encyclopedia on 09.06.17 Word Count 980 Level MAX Brahma statue in Thailand. Image from Flickr. Brahma is the Hindu creator
More informationLesson 16 - Learning About World Religions: Buddhism Section 1 - Introduction
Lesson 16 - Learning About World Religions: Buddhism Section 1 - Introduction These young Buddhist monks stand in the large window of a Buddhist monastery in the nation of Myanmar, in Southeast Asia. Hinduism,
More informationBell Work. How can religion dictate cultural life in a place?
Bell Work How can religion dictate cultural life in a place? 1 Hinduism grew out of many varied beliefs of different peoples who settled in India. It has many gods and goddesses and many forms of worship.
More informationWorld History: Patterns of Interaction. People and Ideas on the Move, 2000 B.C. 250 B.C.
People and Ideas on the Move, 2000 B.C. 250 B.C. Migrations by Indo-Europeans led to major changes in trade and language as well as to the foundations of three religions: Hinduism, Buddhism and Judaism.
More informationClassical Civilizations. World History Honors Unit 2
Classical Civilizations World History Honors Unit 2 Unit 2 India China Ancient Greece Ancient Rome Hinduism One of the oldest religions on earth today Probably created by combining traditions from Vedic
More informationAP Art History Name The Asian World before 1333
Chapter 15: South and Southeast Asia before 1200 Define or identify the following making sure you understand what they mean in discussing Indian and Pakistani Art. 1. Bodhisattva 2. Boss 3. Caste System
More informationEvangelism: Defending the Faith
BUDDHISM Part 2 Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) was shocked to see the different aspects of human suffering: Old age, illness and death and ultimately encountered a contented wandering ascetic who inspired
More informationChapter 14 Section 1-3 China Reunifies & Tang and Song Achievements
Chapter 14 Section 1-3 China Reunifies & Tang and Song Achievements A. Period of Disunion the period of disorder after the collapse of the Han Dynasty, which lasted from 220-589. China split into several
More informationApproximately 9 Hours $$$$
Borobudur by Motor Coach Approximately 9 Hours Enjoyed it? 5 out of 5 Value 4.5 out of 5 2 out of 2(100%)reviewers would recommend this product to a friend. Read all 2 reviews Write a review Travel by
More information