About Us Editorial Board Submission Guidelines Call for Paper Paper Submission FAQ Terms & Condition More.

Transcription

1 About Us Editorial Board Submission Guidelines Call for Paper Paper Submission FAQ Terms & Condition More. Volume V, Issue VII July

2 SUMIHARTI UNIVERSITAS BATANGHARI JAMBI, INDONESIA MORAL VALUES OF TRILOGY NOVEL JENDELA-JENDELA, PINTU, AND ATAP BY FIRA BASUKI (STRUCTURAL STUDY) Abstract The purposes of research are to find deeply the comprehension of moral values viewed in the theme that contained in the trilogy novel Jendela-jendela, Pintu dan Atap by Fira Basuki. Moral values expressed based on the structural study that found in the text. This research adopted qualitative approaches, with the analysis contents method. The data of research is moral values contained in the trilogy novel Jendela-jendela, Pintu dan Atap by Fira Basuki that is referring to a moral aspects: ( 1 ) moral values showed the relationshi human and the God, ( 2 ) moral values showed the relationshi the personality, ( 3 ) moral values showed the relationshi social / the relationshi another human in social environment, and 4 ) moral values showed the relationshi the universe. The result showed that the trilogy novel has some moral values in as story plot. Based on the analysis of 4 aspects of moral values that viewed by theme found the dominant of moral values is a relationshi personality. The moral values given the attitude of positive and negative toward the moral values that showed by human life. Keywords: Novel, Moral Value, Theme Introduction Human life is getting complex characterised by the appearance of various problems and global issues. Global issues can be a violation of the human rights, the phenomenon of violence, murder, drugs, fighting between students and domestic violence. Global issues can minimise by knowledge of moral. For a long time, a problem of moral values from generation to generation always are experienced and owned community groups or nation to be raised. Of its consequences is different the development of the situation and condition community, as lameness and gap social, injustice, and the form of other social norm deviations still often found everywhere. This, of course, cannot be separated from factors affecting moral conduct man in social. One of the factors that influence the moral conduct in society is a system moral adopted by the community. The moral system includes values, a norm, institution, practices, technology, and another mechanism that aims to limit freedom and individual egoism in acting, as well as maintain the social life. Based on the moral system, community social behaviour can be judged and are classified in having moral behaviour and immoral behaviour. Then, in accordance with a system which is embraced the value of the community, it can be said that the individual who shows moral behaviour will obtain approval from the social and social a gift. On the contrary, the individual who shows of immoral conduct will get a rejection and social punishments. Volume V, Issue VII July

3 As known, many people realise a crisis morality no exception what happened to Indonesian. The east of Indonesia essential is well known by others nations as a nation which has high morality, and now the reality proves other. Indonesian that is well known in terms of moral suddenly afflicted the moral crisis through the various phenomenon that occurs. It is proven from many a murder case, ethnic war, rape, corruption, collusion, nepotism, and others. That phenomenon is the basis of the crisis moral proof have been struck this nation and the other around the world so it is a global problem. The moral phenomenon of the community often annoys care and interest of the man to take it out through a literary work in the form of a novel. A forum that can be used to realise the interest was novel because it is an outcome literary work is the result of creation author. A literary work shows through the word because it is a facility to achieve up to the story. But literary work is neither just a word which creates the form of beauty, nor a group of the sentence that has direct meaning can be understood only once read. On the contrary, literature has been born by of expected to give aesthetic satisfaction and intellectual for an audience. Satisfaction was reached in art language spoken by the author to readers. As art language, literary work is its ability to transform and enshrine some events in daily life, as social interaction into literature story as fictional behaviour Moral or morality is good governance behaviours that are considered as good and glorious in an environment or society. Morality is one of the essential characteristics of man as a social species. Moral called also decency which means a whole of various rules and understanding that figure out what are considered as good and considered perfidious in societies. Every a decency norm as essential is relative. Good and bad of man with the other is often different. Hence, the society gives main guidelines behaviour, habits, and what has been developed and regarded both to the community members. When talking about moral s person or a society, so the spoken is regarding his habits, behaviour, or the works that are done by the society. Then, morality expected as the effort to convey the moral education based on rules, behaviour and what has been agreed upon by all people in society, and be preserved by communities his successors. While things adopted and made its different codes of behaviour mentioned called moral value. In other words, the ethical is one who is or acts on an impulse of moral or moral authority, and it should form through a process of selfdetermination, decided itself as free, it is not unwillingly or compulsion from outside Allport (1964:17) said that values are belief which makes a person act on the basis of choice. For him, the value is on the psychological called confidence. Confidence is someplace highest compared to the other like desire, motives, attitude, and needs. thus, the right and wrong decision, beautiful or not, in the area is the result and sequence of psychological processes and directing individual at the action and what is based on the value of choice. Meanwhile, according to Kupperman (1983:31) that value in sociological perspective as a normative basis that affects the man in determining the choice between ways of the alternative acting. Normative value is considered as sourced on the human mind in managing a social life. Addressing the various problems, then literary work in the form of a novel is facility can be used to reduce the number of moral turpitude. This is appropriate with Ratna (2007:455) opinion. She said that the literary etymological is a facility to educate. Thus, literature is expected to contain a message referring to charged of ethical and moral, so it is used as guidelines of life in society. So, the presence of literature is very useful and serves to build a moral issue and spiritual when people lose theirs beliefs with a number of problems in life. The reality shows that millions of readings are circulating in society in the form of books, magazine, newspapers, brochures, leaflets, and forth is not wholly can meet the needs of the readers. All of the reading is useful to readers and is also useless, even it can Volume V, Issue VII July

4 destructive of readers moral who read it. Behold, a good reading among which can inflict personality who is good to his readers, and indirectly also influence readers thinking to get rationally and critically. It can force of cultural values in general. Besides the problem of the above, the fact also shows that how high cases / sacrilegious immoral that occurred in Indonesia, ranging from corruption, collusion, drug use, sexual crimes, a riot between schools, domestic violence, murder, until on free sex and various other cases. This phenomenon really is the phenomena containing concern. This fact can be seen in the next picture Picture 1. Young generation acting Source: In these conditions, education is interest. Education had been claimed missed a generation intelligent, emotional, and spiritual. This problem should not be used as a discourse to decide who is wrong and who should be responsible, but it had to be the thought to find the right solution as an effort to handle it. In the education sector, it is time to make innovation in the education system. The caring is the importance of reappointed moral education and a noble mind should be integrated be one of the subjects taught in schools that should be paid attention. To achieve the success learning, this should be required the hard effort of teachers so as to achieve the goal of teaching expected. With the above suggest, Teeuw said that exploring of moral values from a work is not something exaggerating because in terminologies literature submits to an instrument for teaching, guide or instruction. Because the believed to have a teaching function, literature taught in schools. in a different view, Darma said that literary work has long believed to be used as education services. This research focuses on moral value in trilogy novel Jendela-Jendela, Pintu, and Atap by Fira Basuki that viewed from the theme. According to McCarty (1997:29), the theme is the central idea about the meaning of life presented author into a story. On the other hand, Nurgiyantoro (2013) said the theme is an idea in the common basis a work of the novel. The core idea is what of course have been found formerly by author and used for the developing stories. Analysing the theme in a novel means analyse novel structurally. Hence, this research used a structural approach associated with dealing with the elements and literary work in a novel. Meanwhile, analysing values in terms of the theme is to remain of figures and characters because it is values related to a personal behaviour, as revealed by Jones in Nurgiyantoro (2013), that characteristic is delineation a clear on someone who displayed in a story Based on focus and problems that would study, thus this study attempts to obtain a deep understanding of values in terms of the theme contained in the trilogy novel Jendela- Jendela, Pintu, and Atap by Fira Basuki. But the values in this study by researchers based on Volume V, Issue VII July

5 the theory and limited on the theory values which includes; ( 1 ) moral values showed the relationshi the God, ( 2 ) moral values showed the relationshi the personality, ( 3 ) moral values showed the relationshi social / the relationshi another human in social environment, and 4 ) moral values showed the relationshi the universe. Moral values expressed based on the structural found in the text. This study is expected to enrich theories about moral value which can be used by various parties the community especially academic communities and researchers as a source of literary study, language, and culture.while for the young generation, moral values are oriented to apply in their life, so it can contribute to education learning. The other research about the Semiotic analysis of textual communication in Snow by Julia Alvarez can use as a guide to understanding the semiotic analysis. The readers have the appreciate and get the meaning related to the moral through the text in discourse. Thus, the research is about moral values that will useful to human life. METHOD OF RESEARCH The research is qualitative with content analysis method and structural approach. As qualitative research, the data is taken from moral values that are in the texts of Trilogy Novel Jendela-jendela, Pintu dan Atap by Fira Basuki viewed the theme. While the content analysis is used to analyse the data as systematic or the message story. Moral values analysis used structural approach is taken from the word and sentences then the interpretation of data. So, content analysis and structural approach are done as the procedure of analysis that focuses on the steps of research. It is used to determine the validation criterion of source data. Data that collected for the research is the data obtained by identifying moral value was found in the text of the trilogy novels Jendela-jendela, Pintu dan Atap by Fira Basuki based on a structural approach. The data are a word, a sentence, discourse, abstraction and also data as a sign of semiotics whose interpretation believed to contain the value of moral. The techniques of collecting data in this research are taken through several stages in a selective manner which is by Miles and Huberman. Those called the reduction of the data, namely the process of picking out, focus, simplify, summarising, and change raw data. The procedure of data analysis was determined by Mayring (2000) namely, determine the research object, analyse the situation or context, determine text characteristic, determine the criteria of analysis, arrange the questions research, determine analysis techniques, determine the analysis unit, analyse the matter, and interpret the data. The one that was already described analysed by the content analysis in this referring to opinion Philip Mayring used to understand symbolic of a text message. In this study, symbolic obtained through values in terms of a theme in the trilogy novel Jendela-jendela, Pintu dan Atap by Fira Basuki. FINDING The moral values in terms of the theme contained in Trilogy Novel Jendela-jendela, Pintu dan Atap by Fira Basuki reveals that each novel found moral values on the major theme and moral values on the minor theme, as following; Volume V, Issue VII July

6 1. Moral Value Viewed the Theme of Jendela-Jendela Novel Tabel 2. Moral Value Viewed the Theme of Jendela-Jendela Novel by Fira Basuki Moral Aspect social God themselves themselves God Theme Moral Attitude Page Positive Moral Negative Major Minor Moral A blend Received as 3 marriage honest of (Multicultural) candidate spouse Economic problem Unfaithful ness To fulfil the 8 commitment Willing to stay in flat 9 Sacrificing to 17 change the belief Taking the 41 decision one side Hard work 149 Making 102 prohibited relation Unconscious of the status 104 Making 105 relation through Awareness 123 about mistake acting Religion Islamic life 1 Buying the food 20 that has legitimate Knowing the 67 way to pray Volume V, Issue VII July

7 2. Moral Value Viewed from Theme in Pintu Novel Table 3. Analysis of moral value viewed from the theme in novel by Fira Basuki Moral Aspect Relationsh i social Relationsh i themselve s Theme Moral Attitude Page Positive Moral Negative Major Minor Moral The sixth sense Accurate work 9 Working together with doctor and nurse Caring for other people Kind people 10 Honest 11 Graceful 31 Relationsh i themselve s Faithfulne ss Domestic violence Love Faithful Putri 57 for Bowo Putri s faithful 76 Bowo is not 76 faithful to Putri Putri is still faithful 78 although doubled act Paris was 111 always beaten by her husband Paris lives in hell Paris was 131 killed by her own husband Volume V, Issue VII July

8 3. Moral Values Viewed From Theme In Atap Novels Tabel 4: Analysis of Moral Values Viewed From Theme In Atap Novels by Fira Basuki Moral Aspect Human and God Human and Personality Theme Moral Attitude Page Major Minor Positive Moral Negative Moral Major Polygamy Bowo wants to 240 divorce Aida Polygamy Bowo wants to marry again with Putri with good intentions Bowo got married after getting permission from his first wife 13 Infidelity Aida established a forbidden love with Azri June wants to meet her exgirlfriend Aji has a relationship with a woman who already has a husband Alice awakens June from her affair 168 June realised she had made a mistake on her 168 Volume V, Issue VII July

9 husband June leaves Aji Saka 186 Human and Social A brother's concern for his own brother 180 Human and Social Love Love between brother and sister in family 3-4 The love of brother and sister in the family 22 DISCUSSION 1. Moral Value Viewed the Theme of Jendela-Jendela Novel Moral value that is found on the theme of the theme of major and minor. The moral value on the theme of major adapted on issues marriage in multicultural and moral value that are found on the theme of minor is a problem of economy, unfaithfulness, and religious. Moral value that was found on marriage multicultural unfold on aspects of moral in human relations with himself through positive attitude moral value referring to the attitude of altruistic receive a candidate spouse, attitude keep the promise, attitude willingly lived in subsidized apartments, capable of being matched the attitude of two different cultures, and attitudes couples understand each other. Referring to the results about moral values in terms of the major is about the mix marriages ( multicultural ), then it found the aspect of moral values in human relations with social referring to June honesty to receive destiny married with Jigme through marriage different citizenship. June s honesty attitude is a positive value for a man who believes is a man who would accept the advantages and disadvantages of a wife without considering a return to be getting. So, June s attitude is to receive Jigme as her husband is about the honesty because they love and love each other. This attitude is an example to other people to avoid from incompatibility and the opposition in life manage. Besides, moral value in terms of the major themes is about mix marriage (multicultural ) referring to the aspect of human relations with social has June s attitude. There were on June in keeping promises. It is the positive moral value because of the attitude of humans that keep the promise is one of the nature of commendable showing magnanimity human so that by keeping promises, she will always trust by people associated with her. This attitude is an example for other human beings to ensure relationship positive and mutual trust one another The moral value in terms of the theme of major is about mix marriage mix (multicultural ) referring to the aspect of the relationshi humans with social, there is June s attitude who willingly offered to live in the flat along with her husband. Attitude Volume V, Issue VII July

10 willingness from June is a positive moral value because it is a willingness or will mean that some action upon a moral sense that sincere and altruistic or can also be defined as a sacrifice someone would a thing which genuinely purely because to affection or love with someone. This behaviour is a good model for another human being in order to be personal that is unwilling to accept this reality experienced in life together with his partner The moral value in terms of the major theme is about the mix marriages mix (multicultural ) referring to aspects of human relations with society, there are in June s attitude that is capable of blends either culture. June s attitude mutual consent is a positive moral value because it is capable of blends two cultures means can be able to foster the sense of togetherness. This attitude is an example for another human being to avoid from hostility and quarrels so that individuals living side by side in peace. The moral value in terms of the major theme is about the mix marriages (multicultural ) referring to aspects of human relations with social, there are also in June s attitude who understand each other couples. The attitude showed positive moral by June who understands the different customs of them. This attitude is an example for another human being that truly in pairs, it should receive any differences. Based on the results of the analysis about moral value in terms of the theme of a minor, it is present in financial problems, affair, and religious education. The moral value in terms of the theme of minor is financial problems shown on a moral issue human relations with itself that refer to the attitude of the value of negative moral is June that is a figure in the decision-making process, she took the decision in a unilateral manner. The taking of a unilateral decision is a gesture that can be detrimental to the other hand because it entitles that is supposed to be taken or consensus of being neglected that causes the other hand harmed. While the positive of moral values are the aspects of the relationshi humans with itself refers to Jigme figure who always worked hard to pay for household needs. The attitude of hard work can be an example for another human being because work hard is to laudable deeds and effort in achieving a goal. Moral values contained in the theme of a minor is an affair that is at a moral issue human relations with itself referring to the negative values associated with June who had a prohibited relationship. Unfaithfulness is an activity that dishonest and it should not be seen as an example. Then, the negative moral value is pertaining with against forgetting yourselves already has a husband, related through , care to unfaithfulness. The existence of negative moral value is contrary to what expected by people. So far, the community is heavily criticised what indiscretion for indiscretion led to the parties hurt. While attitude of positive moral value revealed in recognition figures June already made a mistake to her husband, Jigme Moral values on the theme of minor in religious are in the aspect of the human relations with the God referring to positive value attitude relating to Moslem life nuance, buying the legitimate food, praying, prostrate beg, believe in God, praying and remember with God. Based on values that arise, so it can be said that novel gave an example for people to be humans have believed to religion with all God ritual. While the values of negative attitude are on jealous. It is contrary to religion. So, we can conclude that values in terms of the theme in a novel jendela-jendela have the moral values to the positive or negative attitude value. The moral values are associated with aspects of moral value in human relations with itself and human relations with social. 2. Moral Value Viewed from Theme in Pintu Novel Moral values in terms of themes in this novel are on major themes and minor themes. The moral value of the major theme reveals the sixth sense expressed in terms of Volume V, Issue VII July

11 human relationships with social and human relationships with oneself, while the minor theme reveals the aspects of human relationships with itself through loyalty and sacrifice. Thus, the message contained in this novel through moral values in terms of the major themes contained in the sixth sense reveals the various attitudes of positive moral values that greatly give learning to the reader community. A positive attitude is in the careful issues of work, the cooperation between doctors and nurses, caring about the fate that befalls others, good people, sincere, gentle, good advice, and sincere acceptance of destiny. The moral value of a minor theme of loyalty lies in the aspect of human relationships with itself refers to the positive moral attitude of the Putri's loyalty to Bowo, the faithfulness of keeping the promise, and remaining faithful despite being denied. This attitude of positive moral values can be a foundation for other human beings to navigate the life of providing the value of goodness for themselves and in community life In addition, after careful analysis of this novel also reveals negative moral values attitudes through the events of the story of Paris always beaten her husband, Paris lives like in hell, and Paris was killed by her own husband. This attitude is a domestic violence act. The negative moral attitude attached to events in this novel is actually an attitude that can damage the rights and happiness of others. Related to this, the moral as the behaviour of human life is actually tied with the self-consciousness that human beings in their life must achieve good behaviour in accordance with the teachings about the behaviour of a good life based on a particular view of life or religion. Through this description, it can be said that good behaviour is a behaviour that reflects the attitude of positive moral values of everyday behaviour based on a religion that is believed. Based on the results of the above analysis can be concluded that there is actually a relationshi the theme with elements of moral teaching that covers various problems on the issue of life. This is in line with the opinion of Nurgiyantoro (2013) who said that the problem of life is distinguished in the matter of human relationships with oneself, human relationships with other human beings in the social environment, human relationships with nature, and human relationships with God. 3. Moral Values Viewed From Theme In Atap Novels Discussion of moral values in terms of themes in this novel found on major themes and minor themes. Moral values on major themes reveal about polygamy, while the moral values viewed from minor themes are in affairs and affection. The moral value of the major theme that reveals polygamy is in the aspect of the human relationship with God which is contained in the event of the story of the divorce issue and on the aspect of the human relationship with the personality contained in the story event Bowo wishes to remarry with the Princess in good faith, and Bowo marries upon receiving Permission from his first wife. Meanwhile, moral values in terms of themes found in minor themes are revealed in aspects of human relationships with the personality and aspects of human relationships with the social. The aspect of human relationships with personality refers to the events of Aida's story of forbidden love with Azri, June wants to meet his ex-girlfriend, June wants to meet his ex-girlfriend, June leaves her husband for Aji Saka, Aji has a relationship with a woman who already has a husband, and Alice awaken June from his affair. Meanwhile, the aspect of human relationships with social referring to the events of the story reveals the concern of a brother to his own brother, the affection between brother and sister in the family, affection towards fellow human beings, and the child's love for the parents. Volume V, Issue VII July

12 Through the above information and referring to the result of research, then moral values in terms of the theme in a novel are produced by a literary work expressed the author of the moral values that can be used as an example to the community. The moral values that can be used as an example is an attitude positive values. Another positive attitude is on the human relations with God, as goodwill of Bowo to remarried with Putri before he has had Aida as his wife. Married is helpmate that has given by the God. This shows that reality checks the religion today in literature never ended doing. Next, the attitude of positive moral values is in the human relations with itself by Alice s attitude that given awareness for June about her unfaithfulness. It is contrary to have human relations with itself that are as a problem in individual and psychiatric can be: responsibility, be patient, and aware of the wrong act. Meanwhile, the attitude of positive moral values that deals with social are at events merciful to one another by the attitude of care Bowo as a brother to his younger brother, because June goes on vacation so long that the family are anxious and worried for her safety. This is as Muhsin's explanation that social ethics is different with the humanity depth is showing the honest, mutual care, understood, appreciate each other, love, each other in your and the nation This is in line with Muchsin (2002:119) who explains that social ethics, according to him, departs from a deep sense of humanity by restoring honesty, mutual care, mutual understanding, mutual respect, mutual love, and mutual help among peers and nationals. In finding of moral value that viewed from the theme of the novel detected the negative moral values. It refers to the theme unfaithfulness about Aida story that has a relationship of prohibited love with Azri, June wants to meet with her ex-boyfriend, June has left her husband for Aji Saka, Aji has forbidden relationship with the woman that has a husband. Its attitude is negative that is not as a good model for the reader because unfaithfulness is as deviation act of commitment which has confessed in love relationship and marriage. When you are violated by one spouse, so the couple who one, of course, would be sacrificed deceived. It would violate the norm or yardstick to determine are harm attitudes and human actions in terms of bad or good of man included in values the relationship between human her personality Based on the finding of moral values that viewed from them of a third of the novel, it concluded that this study is found moral values is in the theme of novel Jendela-jendela, Pintu and Atap by Fira Basuki, is showed through the moral message about positive moral values and negative moral values. It has relevance to the theory. CONCLUSION Based on the results of the discussion, it can be concluded that the problem of moral values is in the society can be reviewed through a theme in study literature. The result of the study shows that all event is in a novel reflect the human life daily event. It is as the result of research that refers to the attitude of positive moral values can be used as an example for human life and the attitude of negative moral values cannot be taken an example for human life. This should serve as the basis of the science that literary work have a purpose to educate people in order to know aesthetic values, a noble mind, its different codes of behavior, and customs for individuals or the group to uphold moral values which can be used as guidelines for life to a better direction as solution of global issues in the crisis moral. REREFENCE Allport, G.W. (1964). Pattern and Growth in Personality. New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston. Darma, B Sejumlah Essex Sastra. Jakarta: Karya Unipress. Volume V, Issue VII July

13 McCarty, Tora. (1997). Teaching Literary Element. New York: Profesional Book. Haris, Abdul.( 2010). Etika Hamka. Yogyakarta: LkiS. Icksan. (2002). Dasar-dasar Apresiasi Sastra. Malang: Universitas Islam Malang Press. Kupperman, JJ. (1983). The Foundation of Morality. London: Goerge Allen & Unwin. Mayring, Philip. (2000). Qualitative Content Analysis dalam Forum: Qualitative Social Research. Muchsin. (2002). Menggagas Etika & Moral di Tengah Modernitas. Surabaya: Adis. Mulyana, Rahmat. (2004). Mengartikulasikan Pendidikan Nilai.Bandung: Alfabeta. Nurgiyantoro, Burhan. (2010). Teori Pengkajian Fiksi. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press. Ratna, N.K. (2007). Sastra dan Cultural Studies. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Siswanto, Wahyudi. (2008). Pengantar teori Sastra. Jakarta: Grasindo. Teew, A. (1984). Sastra dan Ilmu Sastra. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya. Volume V, Issue VII July