Seeing through the archival prism: A history of the representation of Muslims on Dutch television Meuzelaar, A.

Transcription

1 UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Seeing through the archival prism: A history of the representation of Muslims on Dutch television Meuzelaar, A. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Meuzelaar, A. (2014). Seeing through the archival prism: A history of the representation of Muslims on Dutch television General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam ( Download date: 10 Mar 2019

2 SEEING THROUGH THE ARCHIVAL PRISM A History of the Representation of Muslims on Dutch Television ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT Ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. dr. D.C. van den Boom ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties ingestelde commissie in het openbaar te verdedigen in de Aula der Universiteit op vrijdag 17 oktober 2014, te 11:00 uur door Andrea Meuzelaar geboren te Mvumi, Tanzania

3 PROMOTIECOMMISSIE: Promotoren: Overige leden: Prof. dr. P. P. R. W. Pisters Prof. dr. F. P. I. M. van Vree Prof. dr. F.C.J. Ketelaar Prof. dr. J. J. Noordegraaf Prof. dr. H. B. M. Wijfjes Prof. dr. J. S. de Leeuw Prof. dr. B. Meyer Dr. ir. F. Laroui Faculteit der Geesteswetenschappen

4 To my dear friend Matthias Mooij April 15, 1976 Juli 24, 2014

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6 Table of Contents Introduction 11 Allah in the Low Lands Objectives and Research Questions Mapping the Field Some Key Concepts: Discourse, Cultural Identity and Stereotypes Historical Bachground: A Short History of Islamic Immigration in the Netherlands Outline of the Dissertation CHAPTER 1 39 The Archive is Alive. Seeing through the Archival Prism 1.1 From the Archive as a Mirror to the Archive as the Sliver of a Window 1.2 The Politics of the Archive 1.3 The Archive as Time Machine and Manufacturer of Memory 1.4 The Audiovisual Archive in Contemporary Digital Culture Concluding Remarks CHAPTER 2 65 Setting the Scene: Muslims and Islam in the Archive of Sound and Vision 2.1 A Short Biography of the Archive of Sound and Vision 2.2 Seeing with the Archive of Sound and Vision 2.3 The Sixties: The Arrival of Turkish and Moroccan Guest Workers and the Invisibility of their Islamic religion 2.4 The Seventies: Guest Workers and their Struggle for Emancipation 2.5 The Eighties: Ethnic Minorities and the Permanent Settlement of Muslims 2.6 The Nineties: Integration of Allochtonen and the Emergence of Hostility towards Islam : Fixation on the Failure of Integration, Islamic Fundamentalism and Terrorism Concluding Remarks

7 CHAPTER Reporting on the Rituals of Islam 3.1 Religion, Rituals and Acts of Translation 3.2 Recurring Islamic Rituals in the Archive of Sound and Vision Part one: Tracing Television Coverage of Ramadan and Id al-fitr 3.3 Ramadan: The Respectful Gaze and the Framework of Dutch Hospitality and Solidarity 3.4 Ramadan and the Christian Comparative Framework 3.5 Ramadan and the Framework of Multicultural Relations 3.6 Ramadan as Showcase of the Successful Integration of Muslims Part Two: Tracing Television Coverage of Id al-adha and Ritual Slaughter 3.7 Id al-adha and the encounter between Dutch and Muslims 3.8 Ritual Slaughter and the Issue of Animal Welfare 3.9 The Disappearance of Id al-adha and Ritual Slaughter from Television 3.10 Persistent Debates about the Place of Id al-fitr and Ritual Slaughter in Dutch Society Concluding Remarks CHAPTER The Single Male Guest Worker and the Angry Muslim Mob. An Archaeology of Iterating Archival Images 4.1 A Constructivist Model of Cultural Memory 4.2 Television s Complex Temporal Modulations, Media Templates and Audiovisual Lieux de Mémoire Part One: The Transformation of Televizier Images into Audiovisual Lieux de mémoire 4.3 Guest Workers Waiting Eagerly For Recruitment 4.4 The Guest Worker as Victim of Exploitation and Economic Recession 4.5 The Guest Worker as Victim of the Lack of Integration Policy and as Having Brought Islam to the Netherlands 4.6 The Transformation of the Guest Worker into an Allochtoon and Muslim Whose Integration Has Ultimately Failed Part Two: The Re-appropriation of the Rushdie Affair 4.7 Angry Muslims proclaiming Death to Rushdie 4.8 The Angry Muslim Mob as Fifth Column of Foreign Islamic Fundamentalism 4.9 The re-appropriation of the Rushdie affair after 9/11 and the murder of Theo van Gogh Concluding Remarks

8 CODA 271 Compiling Islam Land of Promise Land of Promise and the logic of archival compilation Final recapitulation and limitations English Summary 301 Nederlandse Samenvatting 309 Acknowledgements 319 Bibliography 325