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1 ! (19 1 ) :.. ( :Narezzash) :

2 /2 :. - (Briant, p. 49) (Herodotus I. p.201; Brosius, The Persian: An Introduction,p.12). (Dandamaev, p.66) Kuhrt, The Persian Empire, pp ; Briant,) (pp (Bagapatas) Ctesias, FGrH688 F13(9), cited by Kuhrt, The Persian Empire, p.107;). (Brosius, The Persian: An Introduction, p.12 Arrian Anabasis) (Vo.29,4-7.( ). Herodotus, I.208; Xenophone,VIII.7.11,7; Ctesias, FGRH688 F13(9) ;) (Briant,p.49 Ctesias, FGRH 688F 9.8; Brosius, Persian Empire from Cyrus,p.23;)

3 3 /... (Kuhrt, The Persian Empire,p.101 Dandamaev,p.70;Young,p.48;) - (Zadock, p.71;stolper, p.5. (Kuhrt, The Persian Empire, pp ; Brosius, The Persian: An Introduction, p.13; Briant, 2002: 51)

4 /4 : (Kent,DBI: 29-31). ) : (The Persian Empire,pp ; Brosius, The Persian: An Introduction,p.13; Kuhrt, Idem, The Persian Empirefrom Cyrus, pp.22-23; Briant,,p.51) Pritchart,) (Humadešu). (p.316; Stolper, p.5.(zadock,p.71). (Brosius, Persian Empire from Cyrus,p.11; Kuhrt, Babylonia from Cyrus to Xerxes, 112ff.; Pritchard,p.316) (Young, p.48; Zadock, p.71).( Imanpour, p.227)

5 5 /... (Gubaru).(Yamauchi, p.95; Oppenheim, p.558).(dandamaev, p.70) ( Brosius, The Persian Empire from Cyrus, p.14) (Young,p.48) (Enna). (Ebl-Man) ( Kuhrt, Babylonia from Cyrus to Xerxes,p.128, note 119) (Brasius,The Persian: An Introduction,p.13). (Kent,DBI: 26-35; Herodotus III: 1-64). (Kuhrt, The Persian Empire,pp ; Brosius,The Persian Empire from Cyrus,pp.14-21) Brosius, The Persian:) (An Introduction,p.13. (Herodotus, III, 64; Kent,DBI, 35-64; Ctesias, FGH 688 F13; Kuhrt,The Persian Empire,pp ; Brosius,The Persian Empire from Cyrus,p.21)

6 /6 Brosius,The Persian: An) (Introduction,p.13.(Kleiss, Zur Entwicklung der achaemenidischen,pp ) : ) (Imanpour, pp ( Brosius, The Persian Empire from Cyrus, p.21; Briant, p.86)

7 7 /... (Matezziš: ) (Humadešu). (Henkelman, Babylonian Workers,p.170; Briant,p.72) Kuhrt, The) (Persian Empire,p (1 ). 150.(Flandin & Coste, pp ) -. (Herzfeld, Archaeological History of Iran,p.36;Idem, Iran in the Ancient East, p.214; Kleiss, Der Takhat-i Rustam bei Persepolis,pp ; Kleiss, Zur Entwicklung der achaemenidischen,pp ; Stronach,p.302) Tailia, p.3;sancisi- ) 1/3 13/28 12/22 (Weerdenburg,p /65 13/25 12/30 (Stronach,pp.26-27; Kuhrt,The Persian Empire,p.104; Matheson, p. 223; Boardman, p.56) (2 )

8 / (Kleiss, Der Takhat-i Rustam bei Persepolis,pp ; Stronach, p.302; Boardman,p.56)..(Stronach,p.302). (Herzfeld, Archaeological History of Iran,p.36; Idem, Iran in the Ancient East,p.214). (Ghirshman,p.230; Matheson,p.222; Boardman,p.56; Kleiss, Zur Entwicklung der achaemenidischen,pp ; Briant,p.895) ( ) (3 ). (Stronach,pp ; Kuhrt, The Persian Empire,p.104; Allen,p.33) S

9 9 / S 150. ( ).. (Tilia,p.73; Kleiss, Zur Entwicklung derachaemenidischen,pp ). ( Tilia,p.79; Kleiss, Zur Entwicklung der achaemenidischen,pp )»:.(4 ) «.(Tilia,p.80)

10 / (Sumner,p.4) ( : Kleiss, Zur Entwicklungder achaemenidischen,pp ; Allen, p.33; Sancisi- Weerdenburg Darius I and the Persian Empire, p.1041) 40 (Batn nu) 24 (Matn nu) (Henkelman & Kleber, Babylonian Workers, pp.170, ) (Humad šu) Matezziš /Uv daicay (Briant p.72) (Henkelman & Kleber, Babylonian Workers, p.170; Briant, p.72).. Imanpour,p.153;). (Hansman,p.304.

11 11 /....(Dandamaev,p.99; Yamduchi,p.127) Haerinek & Overlat, pp ; Potts, pp ; Sancisi) Weerdenburg, H, The Zendan and the Kabah,pp ; Fry, p.177; Schmitt, pp ( (Potts, p.281; Stronach,p.132) (PF-NN2174 ) ( Parnaka).. 501/ /503 (Kuhrt,The Persian Empire, p.54,note:2) Persian Kuhrt,The ) : (Empire, p.575,note10;henkelman, An Elamite memorial, p.111 (Bakabada) ( ) 24» (Upandush) ( : Šumar) (Narezzash). ( ) ( ) ( ).(Kuhrt, The Persian Empire, v.2, pp. 547) «( ) PF.893/894. (Lan) 24

12 /12.(Ibid,p.559) ( Zišunduš) ( Ibid, note 3; Henkelman An Elamite memorial,p.147.) ( ) Henkelman, An) ( ) (Elamite memorial,p.156 ( Koch, 1977) (Razmjo,pp ) (Handly-schachler) ( 118 ) Henkelman, The other Gods,chp.5, cited by Kuhrt, 2007, 2: 558, note: 2;) (Henkelman, The other Gods,chp.3; Henkelman, Animal Sacrifice,pp (Kuhrt, The Persian Empire,p.559, note 3)..( Ibid, p.104) ( ).

13 13 / (Ibid, p.134)... ( )

14 /14.. ( )... Abbreviations: AcIr: Acta Iranica (Leiden) AJA: American Journal of Archaeology (Princeton AMI: Archäeologisch Mitteilungen aus Iran (Berlin) CAH: The Cambridge Ancient History ( Cambridge) CHI: The Cambridge History of Iran (Cambridge) DB: Darius s inscriptions at Behistun FGrH: Jacoby, F., Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker (Berlin and Leiden) Iran: Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies (London) IrAnt: Iranica Antiqua (Leiden) OIP: Oriental Institute Publication (Chicago) : 1-Arrian, 1949, History of Alexander and Indica (Anabasis Alexanderi), E. Iliff Robson (trans.),

15 15 /... Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 2-Boardman, J., 2000, Persia and West, Thames & Handson., London. 3-Briant, P., 2002, From Cyrus to Alexander: A history of Persian Empire, translated by Peter T. Daniels, Winoa lake, Indiana, Eisenbrauns. 4-Brosius, M, 2006, The Persian: An Introduction, Routhedge, London & New Yourk. 5-Brosius, M, 2000, The Persian Empire from Cyrus II to Artaxerxes I, The London Association of Classical Teacher. 6-Dandamaew, 1989, A Political History of the Achaemenid Empire, J. Vogelsang (trans.) 7-Flandin, E. and P. Coste, , Voyage en Perse... Pendant les Années 1840 et 1841 Perse Anciennee, Vols Frye, R. N., 1984, The History of Ancient Iran, München. 9-Ghrishman, 1964, Persia: from the origins to Alexander the Great,S.Gilbert, J. Emmons (trans.), London 10-Haerinck,E.and Bruno Overlaet,2008, Alter Shrines and Fire Altars? Architectural Representations on Frataraka Coinge, IrAnt. XLIII: Handley- Schachler, M. 1998, The Lan Ritual in the Perspolis Fortification Texts, Studies in Persian history: Essay in memory of David M. Lewis, Achemenid History XI, Edited by Maria Brosius & Amelie Kuhrt, Neaerlands Institute Voor Het Nabiye, Leiden. 12-Hansman, 1975, An Achaemenian stronghold, ActIr 3: Henkelman, W. & Kristin Kleber, 2007, Babylonian Workers in the Persian Heartland:Palace Building at matannan during the reign of Cambyses, In: Persian Responses Political and Cultural Interaction with in the Achaemenid Empire, edited by Christopher Tuplin, The Classical Press of wales, Swansea. 14-Henkelman, W., 2003, An Elamite memorial: The šumar of Cambyses and Hystospes, in W. Henkelman and A. Kuhrt, A Persian Perspective : Eassy in memory of Heleen Sancisi- weerdeburg, Achaemenid History XIII Leiden: Henkelman, W., 2006, The other Gods who Are: Studies in Elmaite- Iranian acculturation based on the Persepolis Fortification Texts, (Ph.D dissertation University Leiden). 16-Henkelman,W., 2005, Animal Sacrifice and external exchange in the persepolis fortification tablet, in H. Baker and M. Jursa (eds), Approching the Babylonian Economy, Proceeding of the START project Symposium, Vienna(AOAT 33o), Munster: Herzfeld, 1908 Herzfeld, E., 1908, Pasargadae: Untersuchungen zur persischen Archäologie, KLIO, Beiträge zur alten Geschichte 8: Herzfeld, 1935, Archaeological History of Iran, London 19-Herzfeld, 1941, Iran in the Ancient East, London 20-Imanpour, M. T. 1998, The Land of Parsa: The First Persian Homeland, (Phd.Thesis,The University of Manchester). 21-Kent, 1953, Old Persian: Grammar, Texts, Lexicon, 2nd ed., New Haven. 22-Kleiss, Zur Entwicklung der achaemenidischen Palastarchitektur, IrAnt 15: Kleiss, W., 1971, Der Takhat-i Rustam bei Persepolis und das Kyros-Garb in Pasrgadae, Jahrbuck Des deutschen Archäologischen Instits und Archäologischer Anzeiger 86: Koch, H., 1977, Die Religi sen Verh ltenisse der Dareioszeit, Wiesbaden. 25-Kuhrt, 1988 A., Babylonia from Cyrus to Xerxes, 2nd ed., CAH 4: Kuhrt, A, 2007, The Persian Empire: A Corpus of Sources from t he Achaemonid Period, Routledge, London & New Yourk. 27-Lindsay, A. 2005,The Persian Empire: A History, British Museum, London. 28-Matheson, S. A., 1976, Persia: an Archaeological Guide, Faber and Faber Limited,London. 29-Oppenheim, A. L., 1985, The Babylonian evidence of Achaemenid rule in Mesopotamia, CHI 2: Potts, D. T. 2007, Foundation House, Fire Altars and The Frataraka:Interpreting the Iconography of some Post-Achaemenid Persian Coins, IrAn, XLII: Pritchard, J. B.(ed.), 1969, Ancient Near Eastern Texts: Relating to Old Testment, third ed., New Jersy 32-Razmjou,Sh.2004, The lan Ceremony and other ritual Ceremonies in the Achaemenid Period, IRAN, 42: Sancisi-weerdenburg, 1995, Darius I and the Persian Empire, in J. M. Sasson (ed.), Civilization of the Ancient Near East II, New York:

16 /16 34-Sancisi-Weerdenburg, H., 1983, The Zendan and the Kabah, AMI 10: Schmidt, Persepolis III: The Royal Tombs and other Monuments, (OIP 60) 36-Stolper, M. W, 1985, Entrepreneurs and Empire: The Murašû Archive, the Murašû Firm and Persian Rule in Babylonia, Leiden. 37-Stronach, 1978, Pasargadae: A Report on the Excavation Conducted by the British Institute of Persian Studies from 1961 to 1963, Oxford. 38-Sumner, W Achaemenid settlement in the Persepolis plain, AJA 90: Tailia, A. B. 1978, Studies and Restoration at Persepolis and other Sites of Fárs II, ISIMO 40-Xenophon, , Cyropaedia, W. M. Miller (trans.), in two vols., Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University press. 41-Yamauchi, E. M., 1990, Persia and the Bible, Grand Rapids. 42-Young, T. C. Jr 1988, The Persian Empire, 2nd ed., CAH 4: Zadock, R., 1976, On the connections between Iran and Babylonia in the sixth century BC, Iran 14:

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