THE GEPPO. Growing Up in Zion. By Reverend Hirano (Originally published in the November 2014 Buddhist Thoughts)

Transcription

1 THE GEPPO A publication of the Ogden Buddhist Temple 155 North Street Ogden, UT / P.O. Box 3248 Ogden, UT Temple President: Thomas F. Supervising Reverend: Rev. Jerry Hirano Minister s Assistant: Geoffrey R. Rev. Hirano contact info: Office Minister s Assistant: James A. Home Junior Minister s Assistant: Charles A. Emergency Web Site: ogdenbuddhistchurch.org Temple ogdenbuddhisttemple@gmail.com Growing Up in Zion By Reverend Hirano (Originally published in the November 2014 Buddhist Thoughts) It is proper for you, Kalamas, to doubt, to be uncertain; uncertainty has arisen in you about what is doubtful. Come, Kalamas. Do not go upon what has been acquired by repeated hearing; nor upon tradition; nor upon rumor; nor upon what is in a scripture; nor upon surmise; nor upon an axiom; nor upon specious reasoning; nor upon a bias towards a notion that has been pondered over; nor upon another's seeming ability; nor upon the consideration, 'The monk is our teacher.' Kalamas, when you yourselves know: 'These things are bad; these things are blameable; these things are censured by the wise; undertaken and observed, these things lead to harm and ill,' abandon them. ~Kalama Sutra Almost anywhere else in the world, Zion or Tzion as it is named in the Bible is usually a reference to Jerusalem, in reference to Mt. Zion near the area, which became the temple of Solomon mentioned in the Bible. However, for those of us living in Salt Lake City, Utah, we understand that Zion is in reference to the Salt Lake Valley, where Brigham Young brought the Mormon pioneers to establish their Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints (LDS). Growing up in Salt Lake City, Utah, as a non-mormon was a very interesting experience. I imagine most people would be surprised when they meet me, a Japanese American Jodo Shinshu priest, born and raised in Salt Lake City. Why wasn t I converted to the Mormon Church? In fact, my family s home was across the street from Whittier Ward, my backyard and the seminary for South High School, was only separated by a small fence. I don t think I realized there was a difference between myself and Mormon friends, since I often went to the church with them and it was only on Sundays that we went to different churches. There was more racial discrimination than religious. However, there were some people who would seem to not want to associate with those of us who didn t regularly attend the Mormon Church. Among the kids I hung out with, I remember them calling me Jap but I don t remember them making a disparaging remark about my religion. In fact, most of my friends thought I was lucky because I didn t have to go to church in the Summer and our services were only an hour, while they were at church for most of the day on Sunday. For the most part I had very fond memories of going to primary, mutual, scouts and other activities at the church. I could probably sing along with the song, Popcorn popping on the Apricot tree that they sang at Primary. Rev. Hirano s article continued on next page.

2 I also remember that there were these small cups where my friends would sometimes drink a little cup of water and eat some sort of cracker. That was about the only thing I wasn t invited to do. I later learned about the sacrament. It was one of the things that I first couldn t believe that my friends believed. Although the Mormons were not as serious about it as the Catholics, I still thought eating the blood and flesh of Jesus Christ in even an imaginary or symbolic way was kind of disgusting. It was in High School that things about religion began to pop up. My friends suddenly seemed to change. In some ways, looking back on that time in my life, their change in religious attitude, has had a very positive effect on my life. As my friends began to learn more about their religious beliefs in preparation for their missions, I began to question what I believed. At that time, I remember my Father told me, Jerry, you are not Buddhist until you decide that it is what you personally believe. I don't think he had a problem if I were to become Mormon. I know that he believed I needed a spiritual place to find comfort in difficult times, more than what religion it was. A few years earlier my grandfather had died and it really bothered me. I asked Rev. Watanabe what I should read to better understand my grandfather s death. He suggested I read the Tibetan Book of the Dead. Now that I have read it, I laugh at the suggestion. However, it did spur me on to better understand what we Buddhist s believe. There are many reasons and experiences that led to my eventual ordination and study of Buddhism. However, the other day, I was reminded specifically why I could not be anything other than Buddhist. While speaking to a group of students at BYU, I was in an environment that was very familiar, yet totally alien. We were in a University setting, however, the students were not particularly interested in the particulars of my Buddhist belief. The professor who had invited me to speak was extremely open in talking to me after the class about the Mormon belief system. He is a professor in the Mormon Doctrine department at BYU and I was curious about the Mormon belief in the Word of Wisdom, in particular, I was curious about Doctrine and Covenants section 89, which is the basis for the Mormon ideal of the word of wisdom Taylor, my daughter, had told me how she just couldn t understand why her Mormon friends would look down or rather, disparage her drinking of coffee or teas to stay up and study, yet, they would binge on Coke, Dr. Pepper or energy drinks. I explained to her about the Mormon s Word of Wisdom. Those who obey the Lord s law of health shall receive health in their navel and marrow to their bones; and shall find wisdom and great treasures of knowledge, even hidden treasures; and shall run and not be weary, and shall walk and not faint (D&C 89:18 20 Furthermore, in the Word of Wisdom and other scriptures, it has been revealed these health guidelines: 1. Fruits, vegetables, and wholesome herbs are to be used in the season thereof and with prudence and thanksgiving (see D&C 89:10 11). 2. Meat and poultry have been ordained for the use of man with thanksgiving; nevertheless they are to be used sparingly (D&C 89:12). 3. All grain is good for the food of man (D&C 89:16). 4. We should not labor more than [we] have strength (D&C 10:4). 5. We should develop proper sleeping habits so [our] bodies and [our] minds may be invigorated (D&C 88:124). Upon explaining some of these philosophical ideas to Taylor, she was even more adamant about her friends objections to drinking tea or coffee. She went on, Science has proven that moderate caffeine consumption through tea and coffee is good for your health. Green tea with its antioxidants have been shown to particularly be beneficial. Science also shows that consumption of energy drinks and sugared sodas is not good for your health. Why don t they get it? Taylor has always been very strong in her personal opinions, I remember in third grade she objected to her teacher s remarks about taxes and health care. Her teacher told the class, Why Rev. Hirano s article continued on next page. GEPPO Page 2

3 should my doctor, who has studied for many years and dedicated himself to the practice of medicine have to pay more taxes and be penalized to help people that didn t study or work? Something is wrong with this picture. Taylor raised her hand and explained to the teacher, My mother is also a doctor and she and my father have told me that it is the responsibility of those of us who have the benefits of education and financial means to help those that are weaker than themselves. I have told Taylor there are times, when it is better to just keep quiet about some of her personal beliefs, but I was extremely proud of her. I explained all of this to the professor and told him I believed that section 89 was indeed ahead of its time in healthful living, yet, why don t Mormons drink tea or coffee over sugared sodas and energy drinks. I felt that the essence of section 89 is to live a healthy lifestyle. To make a long story short, he expressed the feeling that he did believe tea definitely had health benefits. However, past presidents of the Mormon Church other than Joseph Smith, have said specifically no tea or coffee. Therefore, he does not question what the church leaders tell him to believe. He follows what he is told. In some ways I was surprised at his response. However, in thinking about it, there are many religions that discourage questioning their church s leaders. It is quite probably the norm rather than exception. However, Buddhism is quite specific that Buddhists should question what their leaders or scriptures tell them. This quotation I began with, is from the Kalama sutra. This was the name of a village that Shakyamuni Buddha visited. They explained to him how many religious teachers have told them that their teachings were the truth and that the villagers should follow it. The Buddha categorically expressed to them that questioning and doubting these teachers, even himself, the Buddha, was very important. I believe it is fundamental, that Buddhists should always question the teachings. Especially their leaders, who are human, should be questioned and are susceptible to make mistakes This is a fundamental difference between Buddhists and many others that live here in Zion. Growing up here as a non-mormon can be difficult at times. However, there are wonderful things about living here. It is not necessary, to add to the religious divide of who is right or who is wrong. However, I hope you will always realize that you are responsible for your belief. It is up to decide for yourself, not because your parents have told you, your teachers have told you or your friends. Think about what you do and take responsibility for your decisions. Think about this, as you read this passage from the Father of Japanese Buddhism Shotoku Taishi. You shall be free of anger, as well as wrath. You shall not be angry at another s being different from you. Each person has his own mind, and each mind has its own way. What another thinks to be right, I may think to be wrong. What I think to be right, another may think to be wrong. But I am no saint; he is no fool. We are both just common mortals. How can we tell what is really right or wrong? Both he and I are sometimes wise and sometimes foolish, just as an earring is endless. Therefore, you should reflect upon your own faults, Even when another becomes furious with you, You should consult with others, even when you think that you are right. (Translation Bishop Kodo Umezu) Namu Amida Butsu GEPPO Page 3

4 PRESIDENT S MESSAGE I Hope you are all doing well. Thank you for your support of this year s Bazaar. The event was very successful and I appreciate all the help. During the September board meeting, I accepted Annette K. s Minster Assistant s resignation. I thank Annette for her service and wish her the best for the future. For general information all services must first go through Reverend Hirano. The only time minister's assistants (MA) are allowed to do services are when he is not available. Ordination is not required for being an MA, but for most services, such as Memorials, funerals and weddings Tokudo and Kyoshi are required. Non-ordained MA's cannot conduct any religious services unless in case of emergency or the unavailability of Kaikyoshi. We have General Board meeting, November20. All members are welcome to attend. I ask for your support and help when asked for church positions. In Gassho, Thomas F. GEPPO Page 4

5 BWA NEWS Greetings from the Ogden BWA I would like to thank everyone that helped make the annual bazaar a great success. Thanks to all the ladies that helped prepare the manju/mochi we sold in the dry goods area of the Bazaar in October, from those who prepared it to those who sold it! It always seems to take a village to get this done. Thanks to our special helpers like Maddie Y., Andrew K. and Brandon T. that came to help! I would also like to thank Jani H. for bringing breakfast burritos from GriDeli s. This was so thoughtful and very yummy too. The sushi we sell at the bazaar takes a lot of preparation also. Thanks for all the hard work on the sushi. The quilt the BWA ladies made to raffle off at bazaar turned out beautiful. A big thanks for all who helped. Thanks to Ruth Schriock for finding and picking out the material, which she so generously donated! A big thanks also to Darlene M. for doing all the expert finishing touches, and Lorraine S. for making matching pillow cases. Great team work ladies! We will be having the BWA/Eshinniko Memorial Service and lunch on November 6, 2016 starting with lunch at 12:00. Those of you not going to Mountain States, please join us for this special service honoring BWA members who have passed away in the last year. The BWA Annual General Meeting will be November 20, 2016 at 10:00 a.m. Anyone that would like to be more involved or has any new ideas please come join us for the meeting and elections for the 2017 officers. New ideas and a different prospective are always welcome. We will also be having a lunch prior to the Bodhi Day Service on December 11, Please join us as we start into the holiday season for these special services and lunches. It is always good to see everyone during this time of the year. Thanks again for all the support and hard work, it is very much appreciated. BWA DONATIONS (Omitted for Online Version) The BWA would like to thank everyone who donated ingredients for the manju. It reduces the cost of making it! The BWA would like to acknowledge Ruth S. for donating all the fabric for the quilt that we made for the bazaar. Every year Ruth always finds the prettiest fabric for our quilt. GEPPO ~ Page 5

6 DHARMA SCHOOL NEWS Superintendent Message It is always a good feeling to have the annual food bazaar concluded another year. Thanks to everyone who helped make the event a success again this year. Specific to the Dharma School, a special thanks to Robyn H. and Justine H. for their hard work organizing, operating and overseeing the games during the food bazaar. The Halloween themed event was great fun for all! We are looking forward to the Halloween party hosted by the Salt Lake Dharma School on Sunday, October 30 th. The event will be held at the Salt Lake Buddhist Temple. There will be no Dharma School service held in Ogden, so we can attend the SL Dharma School service at 10 am, followed by lunch, costume parade and games. Each family has been asked to bring a bag of candy and a dessert to share for the luncheon. As we have done in previous years, the Dharma School will be selling manju at the Salt Lake Buddhist Temple Holiday Boutique on November 19 th and 20 th. We will be making the manju on Sunday, November 13 th at 8 a.m. We encourage everyone (especially our BWA experts) to come help out. The Dharma School will be doing their annual Dana project. This project was started when parents and students decided to take the money they used to exchange gifts with other students and donate it towards other kids in need. Our students have decided to participate in the Angel Tree program again this year! Please see the additional information in the GEPPO. Once again, our YBA will be making mochi to provide temple members and friends with their New Year supply. Important information and an order form is included in the GEPPO. We are very pleased to have Devon M. (Naomi N. M. s son) and Trevor Y. (Kari K. Y. s son) attending and participating in our Dharma School services and our adult study classes. Devon and Trevor are minister s assistants from the Mountain View Buddhist Temple and Seattle Betsuin, respectively. They are both freshman attending the University of Utah. In Gassho, LaVerne K. Dharma School Donations (Omitted for Online Version) GEPPO Page 6

7 YBA Mochi Fundraiser The Ogden YBA will be making mochi again this year to provide you and all our temple friends with your New Year s supply! We will be making the Mochi on Saturday, December 10, 2016 at 9:00 a.m. Please come out and help, if you can! We are taking orders in advance. Mochi will be available for pick up at our Bodhi Day Service, December 11, Please reserve your order by December 8, The price for each order is $7.00 for an order of six pieces of Mochi! Thanks again for your support of the Ogden Buddhist Church YBA. Ogden YBA Mochi Fundraiser Order Form Thank you for your support! Your Mochi will be ready for pick-up or delivery on Sunday, December 11, Mochi is $7.00 per tray of six. Your Name: # of trays ordered x $7.00 each = $ Total Please make checks payable to: Ogden Buddhist Church YBA We will pick up our order on Sunday, December 11 th after Bodhi Day Service. Please deliver my order to: (Please write FULL address including City, State, and Zip Code.) THANK YOU FOR YOUR CONTINUED SUPPORT! GEPPO Page 7

8 EVERYBODY IS INVITED TO OUR ANNUAL GENERAL BOARD MEETING! This is where you can have a say in what happens to our Temple! We would LOVE to hear what you would like to see happen this coming year! Our General Board Meeting is OPEN to all! It will be held right after service on Sunday, November 20, **Refreshments will be served!** This portion left initially blank. Back of YBA Mochi Order Form. GEPPO Page 8

9 Our Dharma School Students will become ANGELS again this holiday season! And YOU can help be a part of this Dana! For the past several years, our Dharma School students have decided that instead of buying Christmas gifts for each other, they would prefer to use that money to give Christmas to a child who is less fortunate than them! This is a GREAT way for our students to learn about Dana and truly share the compassion! What a true gift of Dana from our children! Here is where you can be a part of this Dana! Just take the money you would have used to purchase gifts for our church families and donate that to this project instead. You can make your check payable to the Ogden Buddhist Dharma School and give it to our Treasurer, Betty Yamashita or Dharma School Superintendent, LaVerne Kyed. WANT TO HELP AND BECOME AN ANGEL TOO? Our students would LOVE to have you come along. They would love to share this amazing experience with you. If you would like to join us the information is listed below. Angel Tree Dana Event: Sunday, December 4, :00 am McDonald s on 12 th & Washington Blvd. for lunch 11:45 am ShopKo on Washington Blvd. GEPPO Page 9

10 CONGRATULATIONS TO GEOFF R. Our own Minister s Assistant, Geoff R. has received his Certificate of Completion for the Buddhism Correspondence Course offered by the Center for Buddhist Education. This is a great honor and we are proud of Geoff and this HUGE accomplishment. CONGRATULATIONS Geoff! MEDITATION CLASS Every Sunday at 12:00 p.m. Please come join us for a short seated meditation and period of Mindful Movement every Sunday at 12:00 p.m. The class is open to anyone who is interested in meditation. It would be helpful if attendees could bring a yoga mat or Zafu to use during sitting meditation. Loose, casual clothing is all that is required. Then stay for our Discussion Group at 12:30 p.m. Be sure to check out our website: *Please let Kris Y. know if you have any suggestions to improve our website.* GEPPO ~ Page 10

11 Member Food Donations Thank you to our members for their generous donations to Bazaar! These donations help to offset the costs of this huge fundraising event for our temple! Maya C. Susan C. Mas E. Linda E. Christy F. Julia F. Aiko H. Craig & Susan H. Fran H. Alice H. Stan & Tami H. Steve & Ellen K. Kuni K. Brenda K. Deb K. Mike & Annette K. LaVerne K. Kunie O. Shauna R. Geoff & Linda R. Lorraine S. Ruth S. Janice & Roland S. Harry & Alice S. Craig & Geniel S. Kris & Steve Y. Betty & Kirk Y. Toby Y. Max & Georgia Y. Suzan & Blaine Y. Friends & Businesses Donations The Board would like to thank the following businesses and individuals for their donations to our 2016 Bazaar. PLEASE support these businesses who have been so generous to our temple: Andy's Lounge Ben Lomond Golf Course Carolyn Cressell Criddle's Café Ed Kenley Ford GriDeli's North Heide Gobbels Great Basin Electronics Dave & Dorothy H. Earl H. Hanamaru Restaurant Jani H. (GriDeli s North) Ho Ho Gourmet (Bountiful) The Horse Lounge Jack's Tire & Oil JACL Credit Union Kano & Sons Mae M. (GriDeli s North) Mark Kano Insurance Agency Millwood Enterprises Kent N. Beb O. Oriental Food Market (SLC) Ken O. Quality Produce (SLC) Savon Sporting Goods Utah Bean Sprouts (SLC) Utah Onions Wasatch Peaks Credit Union Sam Y. GEPPO ~ Page 11

12 ESHINNI-KO AND BWA MEMORIAL SERVICE Sunday, November 6, :30 p.m. Otoki Lunch at 12 noon Guest Speaker: Rev. Candace Shibata Our Eshinniko speaker is Rev. Candice Shibata of the Berkeley Buddhist Temple. Her Great Grandfather Rev. Eiju Shibata was the minister of the Salt Lake Buddhist Temple. Her grandfather was Rev. Tesshin Shibata and her uncle Rev. George Shibata. She is the first fourth generation Kaikyoshi in BCA. In Memory of Yoshiko Yokota Ferry Hiroko Taniguchi This is a memorial service for the wife of Shinran Shonin, Eshinni. Eshinni is considered the first role model of Jodo Shinshu womanhood. In this regard the memorial service is held in memory of any BWA (Buddhist Women s Association) member who died during the previous year. GEPPO ~ Page 12

13 Eitaikyo & November Shotsuki Hoyo Sunday, November 20, 2016 Service at 1:30 p.m. The Eitaikyo Service is a memorial service for people who have handed down the teaching of the Nembutsu to us. In the glossary in our temple s service book, "Eitaikyo" is defined as a "perpetual memorial service." This is a general memorial service for all departed members of the temple. The word Eitaikyo actually means "perpetual sutra." Eitai means "perpetual" and Kyo means "sutra," or "teaching of Buddha." Bodhi Day & December Shotsuki Hoyo Sunday, December 11, 2016 Service at 1:30 p.m. Otoki Lunch at 12:00 p.m. At the age of 35, while meditating under the bodhi tree, Siddhartha Gautama attained enlightenment and became Sakyamuni Buddha. By his example, the Buddha showed us that it was possible for anyone to become a Buddha - a fully enlightened person. We commemorate this very special event on Bodhi Day. Joya-E (Last Night Gathering) New Year's Eve Service Saturday, December 31, 2015 Service at 6:00 p.m. Potluck Dinner following service This year end service is held to express gratitude for all the causes and conditions which have allowed us to live this past year. It is a time to reflect upon the interdependence of all Sangha members and the lives we live. At the end of the service all those attending the service participate in the ringing of the Joya no Kane (Last Night Bell). The Temple Bell is rung 108 times signifying the 108 Bonno or Passions that make up our human existence. This bell is rung to recognize these traits in our own personalities and express appreciation for Amida Buddha's compassion, which embraces us, even though we are bound by these passions. GEPPO ~ Page 13

14 November & December Shotsuki Hoyo November Shotsuki Hoyo November 20, 2016, 1:30 p.m. Nov Shizu Fukuda Nov Masaru Hamada Nov Shigeru Hamada Nov Norma Hatsuye Inouye Nov Kunimatsu Inouye Nov Kyuta Ishibashi Nov Kikujiro Ishii Nov Masami Itakura Nov Chiyoji Kamita Nov Toshio George Kano Nov Yoshito (Yosh) Kato Nov Kiyoyasu Kawashima Nov Jimmie Noboru Kunimoto Nov Todd T. Kuroiwa Nov Masaichiro Marumoto Nov Yagoro Nakamoto Nov Shigako Nimori Nov Kimi Nishikawa Nov Toddy Sameshima Nov Jisaku Sakurada Nov Kamesaburo Suekawa Nov Motoharu Sumida Nov Sanji Tawatari Nov Dan Tsukamoto Nov Kiyonobu Watanabe Nov Tomesaku Watanabe Nov Suzumi Yamada Nov Sidney Yukiyoshi Yamasaki Nov Shunjiro Yamasaki Nov George Yamashita Nov Munagi Yoshitaka December Shotsuki Hoyo December 11, 2016 at 1:30 p.m. Dec Jayden Endo Dec Kristen Taeko Fukawa Dec Kasumi Hamada Dec Yorito Hamada Dec Dick Setsuji Hirabayashi Dec Yasu Hirabayashi Dec Tome Inouye Dec Masayasu Ito Dec Nobuo Kamigaki Dec Shigeru Henry Kawaguchi Dec Ray Isao Kano Dec Hideo Kawaguchi Dec Shigeru Kiyomura Dec Shizu Nakano Miya Dec James Sunao Morinaka Dec Hanako Moriyama(Yonemoto) Dec Yae Murakami Dec Suyeo Frank Nakano Dec Isekichi Nishiki Dec Masashi Nozaki Dec Staci Sachiko Oda Dec Wataru Jack Oda Dec Mitsugu Oda Dec Tokiichi George Sato Dec Elsie Shiramizu Dec Yonekichi Shiramizu Dec Hajime Tokifuji Dec Asao Tsukamoto Dec Tatsuji Watanabe Dec Takako Watanabe (Onishi) Dec Torahei Yamamoto Dec Yukimi Yonetani For those years not having a specific memorial service such as 2nd, 4th, 5th, etc. the temple is holding these monthly Shotsuki Hoyo. During these services, the temple will list the names of those members who have died during the month in the preceding years. The families then attends that monthly service in memory of their loved one. These services are not meant to replace the specific memorial services. Please contact Rev. Hirano to make arrangements for those services. Rev. Hirano contact information - Office: , Home: , Emergency: Memorial Service Schedule for those who passed away in: year year year year year year year year year Corrections/Additions to the Shotsuki Hoyo list, please contact Ruth S. GEPPO ~ Page 14

15 November 2016 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 6 12:00 pm Otoki Lunch by BWA 12:00 pm Meditation 12:30 pm Discussion Group 12:45 pm Dharma School 1:30 pm BWA Eshinni-ko Memorial Svc :30 pm OBC Board Meeting :00 am 9 10:00 am Mt. States in CO Mt. Longmont, CO :00 am Dharma School Manju Making 12:00 pm Meditation 12:30 pm Discussion Group 12:45 pm Dharma School 1:30 pm Family Service :00 am am 4 pm Salt Lake Holiday Boutique 10 am 3 pm SL Holiday Boutique 10:00 am BWA Meeting & General Board Meeting 12:00 pm Meditation 12:30 pm Discussion Group 12:45 pm Dharma School 1:30 pm Eitaiko Service & November Shotsuki Hoyo 2:00 pm OBC General Board Meeting NO 24 Happy Thanksgiving! No Services Have a good Thanksgiving weekend! :00 am Toban Cleaning Group: Ruth K. (Toban Cleaning Leader) Bart & Robyn H. Kevin & Justine H. Marie H. GEPPO Page 17

16 December 2016 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday :00 pm WFN JACL Member Appreciation Dinner 11:00 am Dharma School Angel Tree Special Dana Event 12:00 pm Meditation 12:30 pm Discussion Group 1:30 pm Family Service :00 am :00 am YBA Mochi Making 11 12:00 pm Otoki Lunch by DS 12:00 pm Meditation 12:30 pm Discussion Group 12:45 pm Dharma School 1:30 pm Bodhi Day Service & December Shotsuki Hoyo *YBA Mochi Pick-up* :30 pm OBC Board Meeting 14 10:00 am :00 am OBC Mochi Making 12:00 pm Meditation 12:30 pm Discussion Group 12:45 pm Dharma School 1:30 pm Family Service :00 am No Services Have a very Merry Christmas!! NO :00 pm Joya-E Service & New Year s Eve Pot Luck Dinner Toban Cleaning Group: Stan & Tami H. (Toban Cleaning Leader) Mackenzie & Alex H. Alice H. GEPPO Page 18