Polygamy in Primetime

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Waltham: Brandeis University Press, 2011. Project MUSE., https://muse.jhu.edu/.

1 Polygamy in Primetime Janet Bennion Published by Brandeis University Press Bennion, Janet. Polygamy in Primetime: Media, Gender, and Politics in Mormon Fundamentalism. Waltham: Brandeis University Press, Project MUSE., For additional information about this book No institutional affiliation (8 Mar :48 GMT)

2 Index Abrahamic covenant, 140 abuse allegations of, 2 battery, 104, 113, 217, 279, 281 by Joseph Thompson, 152 by Terrill Dalton, 52 by Warren Jeffs, 32 cases of, 3, 4, 241, 259, 273, 277, 279, 280 domestic, 2, 216, 319 of women s rights, 237 perpetrator of, 16, 215, 216, 217, 224, 274, 277 physical, 212, 217, 236, 270, 273, 278 rape, 189, 207, 212, 216, 275 sexual, of children, 206, 211, 216, 279 sibling, 272 Utah study of, 217 victimization of young women, 238 violent, 216, 217, 223, 238, 253, 272 Adam-God Doctrine, 66 Adams, Brooke, 38, 104, 107, 219, 220, 265 adoption, custody, and child support, 233 alienation in polygamy, 42, 112, 237 alienation of males, 106 Allred group. See AUB Allred, Owen feminism and, 225 leadership in Allred group, xi, 38, 86, 93 teachings of, 38 Allred, Rulon death of, 51 in Pinesdale, MT, 35 leadership in Allred group, 36 teachings of, 169 Altman, Irwin, 10, 14, 30, 56, 65, 109, 236, 243, 268 on coping strategies in polygamy, 268 on co-wife jealousy, 268 on sex and romance in polygamy, 116 Anna Karenina Principle, 259, 261, 280 anointings restoration of, 24 apostasy in FLDS communities, 46, 86, 264, 322 Apostolic United Brethren (AUB). See AUB Aquinas, Thomas, 124 arrest and perpetrators of abuse, 15 avoidance of, 207 during Short Creek raid, 27 for bigamy, 208 for illegal home schooling, 229 for marrying child brides, 15 for practicing polygamy, 201 for rape, 212 for sexual assault, 211 for trespassing, 151 for unlawful sexual conduct, 33, 38 of Tom Green, 4 risk of, 262 AUB (Apostolic United Brethren), 39 money laundering of, 36, 38, 127, 195, 206, 222 Bailey, Martha, 7, 14, 204, 234, 236, 245 Baird, Donna, 38 Barlow, Dan, 31, 106, 113, 150, 158, 175, 176,

3 Barlow, John Y., 25, 26, 29, 39, 106 Batchelor, Mary, 70, 110, 129, 165, 179, 191, 249 Bennion, John, xiii Benson, Ezra Taft, xiv betweenness centrality (graph theory), 151 Big Love and public admission to the public, 181 authors, 166 co-wife issues, 116, 172 positive view of, 1, 166, 169 screenwriters, 251 Big Water, UT, 71, 91, 100, 181, 249 Bistline, Benjamin, 105, 189, 216, 280 Blackmore, Winston, 29, 98, 102, 106, 173, 178, 212, 274 Black, Vera, 3 blogging, 194 Bluffdale, UT, 34, 125, 128, 168 Born-in women, 107 Bountiful, B.C., 5, 212, 214, 246 birthrates, 5 brideswapping in, 163, 170 linked to isolation, 6 the Blackmores of, 98, 102, 106, 213 under-age marriage in, 28, 212 Bradley, Martha, 3, 64, 114 brainwashing of women and children, 180, 282 Branch Davidians, 206 Brown, Kody, 3, 5, 228, 264 filed suit to live polygamy, 227 of TLC s Sister Wives, 187 threatened by the law, 208, 209, 210 wives of, 182, 228 Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (BATF), 206 Butt, Steve, 53, 73 Cain (biblical character), 34, 59, 103, 320 Campbell, Angela, 14, 204, Canadian Criminal Code, and polygamy, 1, 5, 199, 213, 214, 234, 246, 250 Cannon, Angus, 198 Cannon, George Q., xi, xiv, 25, 35, 93, 121, 195, 196 Cannon, Martha Hughes, 92, 200 Centennial Park, AZ, 32, 328, 329 sibling study of, 287 the Hammons of, 100, 174 the Timpsons of, 29, 34 child custody issues in polygamy Carolyn Jessop, 279 Fischer family, 231 Holm family, 208 John Daniel Kingston, 42 Putvin/Thompson battle, 152 Sanderson family, 231 Sarine Jessop, 232 state initiated, 27 Williams family, 127, 129, 174 Child Protective Services, 150 Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS). See Mormonism Church of the Firstborn of the General Assembly of Heaven. See also Terrill Dalton Circleville, UT, 53 circumscription of women in polygamy, 264 clothing, 77, 78 Collier, Fred, 19, 52 Colonia LeBaron, 26, 44, 45, 46, 99 Colorado City, AZ. See Short Creek companionate marriage, 125 compersion, 268 Compton, Todd, 114, 115 conflict resolution in polygamy, 152, 159 conversion AUB, 19, 86 female, 89, 107

4 LDS targets, 106 Steve Butt, 53 successful alignment, 152 converts vs born-ins, 110 Cook, Rebecca, 214, 236, 237, 241 Cooper, Rex, 89 courtship, 122 covenant and Holy Spirit of Promise, 124 and oaths, 124 honoring holy, 60, 64 New and Everlasting Covenant of Marriage, 26, 120 or eternal whole, 65 crimes by polygamists, 205, 223 cult, 32, 45, 53, 56, 189, 206, 246 cultural defense, 224 Davis County Corporation. See Kingstons (Latter-day Church of Christ) Daynes, Kathryn, 23 decriminalization. See polygamy, decriminalization of Defense of Marriage Act, 196, 240 Department of Family and Protective Services, 211 Dickson, Tim, 6, 212 discrimination against polygamists gender-based, 244 loss of job, 107 media portrayal, 182 ostracism, 167 religious beliefs, 233, 244 dispute. See conflict resolution divorce, 131 Dixon-Spear, Patricia, 13, 251 DNA, fingerprinting and saliva testing of, 2, 211 Dobson, James, 84, 240, 241 Driggs, Ken, 25, 56, 195, 244 Duncan, Emily, 251, 253 Durham, Christine, 208, 231, 245 Eagle Mountain, UT, 8, 34, 35, 75 economic deprivation, within polygamist communities, 9, 16, 261, 262, 271, 272, 280 Edmunds-Tucker law, 198 education among the Kingstons, 41 in Colorado City, 29 in the AUB, 34 in the LeBaron group, 44 related to home schooling, 52 Eldorado, TX, 1, 3, 28, 33, 165, 204, 206, 210, 212 elite polygyny, 9, 102, 104, 145 employment, in polygamist communities. See jobs, held by polygamists equality economic, 47 gender, 83, 224, 226, 238, 248 general issues of, 269 of co-wives, 266, 267 escapee narratives, 190 escapees, 31, 189, 190 fertility, xiii, 68, 108, 115, 117, 118, 147, 148, 168, 215, 238 stigma of barrenness, 87 Fischer adoption case, 202, 230 FLDS, 34 and law of placement, 31 arranged marriage in, 29 arrest of members, 32 employment in, 69 gender code in, 31 headquarters of, 28 patriarchal organization of, 30 racism in,

5 reassignment of wives, 130 United Effort Plan (UEP), 28, 67 food in polygamous communities, 41, 79 government assistance with, 33, 69, 219, 220 storage of, 56, 79, 125, 203 Fox, Robin, 10 fulness of the Gospel, 138 fumarase deficiency, 34 Fundamentalism. See Mormon fundamentalism Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (FLDS). See FLDS Galeana, Mexico, xv, xvi, 26, 43, 45, 99, 122, 277 gender dynamics in polygamy, 96 Gordon, Sarah, 63 graph theory, 141, 148, 151 Green, Tom, 4, 52, 203, 207, 219, 228, 245, 257 ideology. See Mormon fundamentalism, beliefs illegal arms, 221 immigration of polygamists, 234 inbreeding, 40, 42, 215, 238, 276 incest, 215, 270, 276, 279 subjection to prosecution for, 214 income. See also jobs independent Mormon polygamists, 23, 263 as HBO s Bill Henrickson, 179 direct revelation of, 60 educated women among, 110 forbidding under-age marriage, 86 serving prison sentences, 52 Islam, and polygamy in America, 12, 13, 252 isolation in Mormon polygamy, 71, 257, 260, 264 in Bountiful, B.C., 6 related to abuse, 16 resulting from criminalization, 246 Hammon, Ariel, 100 Hancock, Mosiah, 63 Harmston, Jim, 73, 103, 107, 115, 117, 173, 189, 324 Henrickson, Bill (Big Love), ix, 3, 78, 114, 166, 168, 173, 175, 234 Hildale, UT, 27, 328 Hill, Virginia, 67, 127, 152, 178, 222 Hinckley, Gordon B., 4, 9, 81, 82, 90, 202 Holm, Rodney, 33, 203, 208 homosexuality lesbianism, 134 relating to Pandora s Box argument, 240 re Lawrence, 208, 227 housing, 77 hypergamy, 128 Jankowiak, William, 10, 12, 15, 19, 75, 86, 287 jealousy among co-wives, 97, 117, 172, 187, 191, 192, 267, 279 Jeffs, Rulon, 29, 112, 150, 168, 212 Jeffs, Warren and elite polygyny, 104 and the alienation of males, 130, 146 and the reassignment of wives, 158 conviction of, 32 leadership of FLDS community, 30, 31, 57, 106, 150, 275 misogyny of, 107 non-fiction about, 189 wives of, 30 Jensen, Lamoine, 36, 38, 106, 137, 141, 152, 178,

6 Jessop, Carolyn as author and activist, 6 escapee from polygamous community, 30, 220, 225, 278 Jessop, Joseph Lyman, 35, 62 Jessop, Merril, 30, 33, 117, 141, 212, 274, 278, 288 Jill Mormon, concept of, xv jobs, held by polygamists, 70 demographics of FLDS, 68, 70 gender-based, 69, 70, 71, 100, 177 stewardships, 108 stewardships linked to, 34, 50, 67, 68, 69 Johnson, Benjamin F., 46 Joseph, Alex, 52, 70, 91, 234 economic networking of, 100 libertarianism of, 71, 181, 221 wives of, 70, 87, 92, 135 Joseph, Elizabeth, 89, 91, 92, 110, 249, 252, 266, 286 keep sweet mantra, 108, 190 Kelsch, Louis, 25, 27, 29 kidnapping, committed by polygamists, 217 Kilbride, Phillip, 10, 90, 167, 249, 285 Kimmel, Michael, 84 kingdom building within polygamist communities, 139 Kingston, Carl and 16-year-old cousin, 42 Kingston, Elden, 39 Kingston, John Daniel, 42, 210, 215, 279 Kingston, John Ortell, 39, 215, 219, 223 Kingston, Mary Ann, 40, 176, 274, 279 Kingston, Paul, 39, 42, 137, 178 Kingstons, 39, 43 and Golden Rule, 39 and succession dispute, 39 and welfare fraud, 43 birthrate of, 40 bloodline of, 40 clothing worn by, 41 incest within, 42 investments of, 39 under-age marriages within, 40 kinship, 113 Krakauer, Jon, 9, 164, 188 Kraut, Ogden, 19, 52, 58 Krenawi, Alean al-, 18, 259, 260, 263, 265, 269, 271, 272 Kunz, Richard, 38, 59 Lafferty, Ron and Dan, 52, 55, 163, 189 laissez-faire approach to polygamy, 126, 202 Latter-day Church of Christ. See the Kingstons law, and polygamy analysis, 197 Canadian, 199 cases brought by polygamists, 235 Charter of Rights and Freedoms, 214 Edmunds-Tucker law, 198 evolving, 196 family, 196 history of polygamy legislation, 205 Lawrence, 208 Morrill Act, 198 Poland Act, 198 Reynolds, 198 State v Green, 203 subjection of criminal prosecution, 207 unlawful cohabitation, 201 Utah v. Black, 201 Utah v Holm,

7 Law of Satisfaction, 40, 41 Lawrence, 196, 208, 227, 245, 250, 251 laws against polygamy, enforcement of collaboration formed between law and polygamy, 5, 37, 59, 203, 210, 235 Don t ask, don t tell strategy, 4 ineffectiveness of, 253 raids, 201 scrutiny by law officials of polygamists, 196, 208 LeBaron, 50 education, 44 homes, 43 ideology, 48 laws of obedience, 46 missionaries, 47 peaceful, agrarian, 43 revelation, 46 rite of passage, 44 town, 43 work, 44 LeBaron, Alma Dayer, 46 LeBaron, Ervil, 168, 189 and the practice of blood atonement, 49, 50, 275, 277 murdered by, 36, 52, 107, 277 teachings of, 47, 48, 178 LeBaron, Joel, 46, 48, 50, 51 LeBaron, Verlan, 62, 122, 189, 271, 277 legalization, xvii, 1, 191, 236, 241, 251, 252, 258, 262, 281, 284, 288 legal recognition, 236, 248, 252, 253, 255, 256, 257, 258 lesbigay See homosexuality, 1 libertarianism, 56, 71, 92, 165, 222 living arrangements, 14, 72. See housing Llewellyn, John, 36, 38, 222, 279 lost boys, 30, 32, 274, 280 Macintosh, George, 246, 247 Majeed, Debra, 12, 251, 252 male dominance. See male supremacy male supremacy, 84, 216, 237, 242, 260, 269, 271 Manifesto, prohibiting polygamy, xii, 25, 324 marriage ceremony, 125 matrifocal, 57, 111, 112, 185, 252 McConkie, Bruce R., xiii, 45, 95 media blogging, 194 escapee narratives, 190 exotica, 166 mass hysteria, 164 outsiderness, 164 polygamy narrative, 163 reality TV, 183 tv dramas, 187 media representations of polygamy, 167 Mitchell, Brian David, 217 Mormon fundamentalism beliefs, 67 gender constructs, 85 history, 24 isolationist mentality of, 71 polygamy, 66 Mormonism endowments, 108, 328 garments, 60, 190, 218 women of, ix, xiv, 81, 82, 83, 134, 197, 217, 244 music, 79 Musser, Joseph, 25, 26, 27, 35, 39, 46, 146 occupations. See jobs O Dea, Thomas, xiv, 81, 82, 83, 132 Olson, Mark,

8 Pandora s Box, an anti-polygamy argument, 236, 240 Parker, Seymour, 272, 279, 280 patrilineal descent in polygamy, 41, 105, 111, 128, 131, 140, 270 Peterson, Gerald, 51 Pinesdale, MT, 35, 96, 207 fieldwork, xi low crime rates, 212 women, 118, 156, 173 plural marriage. See polygamy polygamy, 66 banning of, 241 celestial marriage, xii, xvi, 23, 49, 67, 129, 144, 172, 320 danger to democracy, 240 decriminalization of, 251 harming women and children, 239 history of, 27 in Malaysia, 13, 283, 284 in South Africa, 236, 240, 248, 256, 266, 283 poor-functioning circumscription, 265 illegality, 264 lack of network, 273 running for office, 235 sororal, 119, 122, 127, 187, 289 the principle of plural marriage, 24 viable option, 125, 252 well-functioning, 262 Potter, Roy, 18, 52, 227, 234 poverty, 43, 262, 271, 273, 329. See economic deprivation abuse related, 16, 217 and women, 14, 103, 249 in Colorado City, 68 welfare, 220 Pratt, Parley P., 87 prejudice, 55, 71, 246, 263. See discrimination against blacks, 59 priesthood and leadership, 26, 38, 49, 52, 68, 85 blacks in, 59 business, 57, 100, 116, 122, 151 for males only, 57, 87 hierarchy of, 90, 136, 278 leadership, 181 males only, 104 mother s blessing, 95 power, 49, 94, 108, 124, 139, 144, 326 priesthood keys, 25, 26, 35, 40, 51, 123, 147, 149 Priesthood Council, 25, 36, 37, 59, 102, 120, 123, 140, 158 splitting apart, 27 Priesthood Expounded (E. LeBaron), 48 Principle Voices (website), 70, 165, 191 Proclamation of the Family (G.B. Hinckley), ix, 9, 183 public offices held by polygamists, 234 Purges of the 90s, ix Quinn, D. Michael, 18, 19, 132, 133, 134 raids on polygamist communities in Short Creek, 26 unconstitutionality, 3 YFZ compound, xvi, 2 Ray, John, 36, 37, 150, 271, 275, 276 regulation of polygamy through legal recognition, 257 Republican Motherhood, 92 Respective Marriage Act, 205 Reynolds, xiv, 182, 198, 202, 205, 208, 209, 226, 227, 235,

9 Rocky Ridge, UT, 35, 36, 75, 76, 108, 122 Rules of Conduct (P.P. Pratt), 87 Scheffer, Will, 167 sexuality, 118 Short Creek, AZ/UT, 3, 10, 25, 26, 27, 29, 39, 51, 165, 201, 320 Shurtleff, Mark, 220 Singer, John, 52, 229, 230 Sister Wives, 187 Smart, Elizabeth, 4, 217, 218 Smith, George W., 51 Smith, Joseph consecration, 66 founder of LDS Church, 23 gender, 139 polygamy, 58 sexuality, 114 teachings of, xiii, 23, 59, 136 Song, Sarah, 7, 200, 226 Stacey, Judith, 13, 195, 241, 248, 251, 252, 283 Status of Women (A. Campbell et al.), 14, 16, 204, 214, 244 Strassberg, Maura, 7, 14, 15, 195, 236, 238, 239, 240, 285 suffrage, 198, 200 Swapp, Addam, 52, 230 Tapestry Against Polygamy (activist group), 166, 191, 216, 238 Taylor, John, xiv, 25, 325 Thompson, Joe, 27, 35, 106, 140, 152, 153, 176, 223, 275 tithing, 69, 153 Torgensen, Kirk, 253, 258 True and Living Church, 324, 329 Turley, Jonathan, 183, 195, 227, 251, 252, 285 Unitarian Universalists for Polyamory Awareness, 54 United Effort Plan (UEP), 67, 141, 177 United Latter-day Church of Jesus Christ. See Smith, George W. unmarriageables, 10 Van Wagoner, Richard, 23 violence perpetrated by polygamists, 216 Wall, Elissa, 4, 86, 189, 278 Watson, Marianne, 191 welfare fraud, 221 White, Douglas, and M.L. Burton, 144, 146, 218, 270 Wilde, Anne, 52, 70, 90, 110, 165, 167, 179, 183, 191, 249, 252, 288 Winfrey, Oprah, 9, 163 women, and empowerment, 93, 95, 97, 159 and friendship, 96, 122, 127 and lesbianism, 132, 134 autonomy, 9, 17, 38, 83, 111 changing roles of, 82 circumscription of, 216, 264 conversion to fundamentalism, 10, 18, 86, 89, 107, 143 network among, 12, 14, 16, 96, 98, 102, 272 poverty of, 14, 103, 249 sexual abuse of, 273. See also abuse subjugation of, 84, 224, 237, 242, 269 Women s Exponent (E. Wells), 134 Woodruff, Wilford, 324 Woolley, Lorin C., 25, 26, 39 Word of Wisdom (Mormon scripture about food and drink), 41, 57,

10 Yearning for Zion, 1, 2, 28 Young, Brigham feminism, 92 hypergamy, 128 leadership of, 19, 24 polygamy, 64, 74 teachings of, 25, 26, 31, 34, 66, 104, 275 Zitting, Charles, 25, 27, 29,

Ryan White * I. INTRODUCTION

STUDY NOTE TWO SIDES OF POLYGAMY Ryan White * I. INTRODUCTION On April 3, 2008 investigators from the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services raided the Yearning for Zion Ranch in Eldorado,