The Gender Jumble. The Battle of the Sexes in the Hebrew Bible

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1 The Gender Jumble The Battle of the Sexes in the Hebrew Bible

2 All goes back to love...

3 Why study love? Cult of love... Love guru...

4 On the other hand...

5 Word love meaningless... Overused -- We love popcorn, going to movies... Writer-producer George Englund: The word love has become so meaningless it ought to be taken out behind the woodshed and shot!

6 So, we try to infuse word with meaning it had 3,200 yrs. ago. When Bible written, word love sacred. Among 613 commandments, love appears in only 4! Twice in Leviticus & twice in Deuteronomy.

7 Each phrase short, conveying the mitzvah, telling us whom we should love & how: Love neighbor as self Love stranger as self Love Lord your God You shall love the stranger, for you were strangers in Egypt.

8 What about romantic love? Erich Fromm, in Art of Living, teaches, Selfishness & self-love, far from being identical, are actually opposites. The selfish person does not love himself too much but too little; in fact he hates himself. Only if love yourself are you free to love someone else. If you don t love someone else, one questions whether you love yourself. Which brings us to question:

9 How is love portrayed in the Bible? Idealistically or realistically?

10 How is sex portrayed in the Bible? Prudishly or honestly? Let s be clear -- lots of sex in Bible. Represents sexuality as gift to be enjoyed. Also recognizes animalistic side of powerful drive.

11 Freud Id. Bible: Yetzer ra. Which isn t really evil only inclination to do evil if we let it.

12 What about Adam & Eve A match made in heaven? How are women viewed in Bible?...

13 Two different approaches: Traditional approach, which depicts patriarchal society & subservient women.

14 Women are chattel, bought & sold; good only if subservient...

15 Revisionist view sees earlier layer of text, in which male & female seen as partners union reflects God. Which is true?? Always ask: How is text sexist? How is it not sexist, but egalitarian?

16 What was order of creation? Day 1 -- light & darkness Day 2 -- firmament in midst of waters -- heaven Day 3 -- dry land; vegetation Day 4 -- sun, moon & stars Day 5 -- fish, birds Day 6 -- animals, then man Later, woman Ascending order -- inanimate, vegetation, fish, animals, man, woman (Gen. 2:22)

17 Creation: Lower to higher Eve the climax of creation... Ezer k negdo opposite him What does this tell us about love relationship? Equality here!

18 Consider Gen. 1:27 So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them. And God blessed them, and God said to them, Be fruitful and multiply... And God created the earth creature in his image. In the image of God he created him male and female. And God created them and blessed them, and God said to them, Be fruitful and multiply. Gen. 5:2 Male and female he created them, and he blessed them and named them Man when they were created.

19 Hebrew Deity: Female characteristics as well as male. Shouldn t say He... E.g. Shaddai... ha-rachman... Female characteristics separated out. From then on, man is incomplete; therefore more driven, sexually. In sexual union, the two are to express original union Adam.

20 Women symbolize perfection Home, Shabbat (fem. word)... Candle lighting... Men are strivers, movers & shakers go out to battle, to defend home & hearth.

21 davak (Gen. 2:24) vs. piru u r vu Purpose is gluing back together image of God, not just procreation. Phyllis Trible: The poetry of the earth creature yields to the silent communion of man & woman. Yet, one doesn t lose one s identity in the union! Khalil Gibran The Prophet spaces in togetherness

22 Gen. 4:1 yada... When Bible speaks of sex it uses verb to know. Should be taken literally. Sex should be way in which one person gets to know another weaknesses & vulnerabilities & strengths & talents. Secret of marriage.

23 Dr. Joyce Brothers Infidelity is more apt to result when something is missing within the primary relationship, such as lack of communication. Inability to share experiences and disappointments often leads to resentment or boredom.

24 What about charge that Eve was tempted......that she in turn tempted Adam... and screwed up humanity? A later layer of interpretation? Consider the text...

25 Serpent tempts Eve. Eve takes fruit; gives to Adam. Eve decided more important to know about all sorts of things than to follow particular command of God. Based on what she understands about world out there. It s common to say Where was Eve? Not so common to ask, Where was Adam? He sits there like dummy; doesn t know what to do. Eve thinks rationally; result is that humans know good from evil.

26 Without Eve, we wouldn t be fully human, in most positive sense. She s a culture-bringer & heroine. Adam is baby-like & pathetic. Later tradition tries to get him off Eve is seductress & temptress. She just gives to him & he eats; word sin isn t even used.

27 Phyllis Trible: Emphasis on the woman throughout the scene leads directly to the man at its end. His transgression, reported in only one Hebrew word (v yokal) which climaxes the deed of the two who are one. Appearing at the end of the narration, he occupies a place of importance. Stress upon him comes through concealment & passivity; stress upon her through exposure & activity. Hence, the woman & the man are mutual foils. Was Eve first sinner or bringer of knowledge? Paul & whole tradition of W. commentators set story up as model of how relationship should be; men in charge & women subordinated.

28 The Aftermath: Ish + Ishah = Esh Yah the fire of God; take out God, & all you have is fire!

29 Harmony replaced by enmity & strife accusation. Adam blames both Eve & God!

30 What about curse on Eve? Carol Myers Should read: I will greatly increase your labors and your pregnancies, reflecting the hard life of families in the hill country of Judea. He will rule over you... Protector of woman?; perhaps added later?

31 Text goes (3:20) on to designate Eve Mother of all living. (every tribe ) Why isn t Adam called Father of all living? Woman elevated here?; gynocentric view? In spite of tragic angle of disobedience... What s depicted is partnership, not hierarchy.

32 Gen. 2-3 is not the only word in scripture on human sexuality. What it forfeits in tragedy, the Song of Songs redeems in joy.

33 Back to Eden... Pastoral imagery mutuality no hierarchy... no labor... no kids! silent communion...

34 So let it be written

35 So let it be done!

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