Evil-Merodach Belshazzar Cyrus Xerxes I. From Prison And a He-Goat Belshazzar List of Captives Jeshua and Zerubbabel

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1 Evil-Merodach Belshazzar Cyrus Xerxes I Evil-Merodach Belshazzar King of Babylon King of Babylon *Nebuchadnezzar(Babylon) Struck with Madness Daniel's Vision of Dan Four Great Beasts cf. Dan 5.19 *Dan Daniel's Vision of Evil-Merodach (Babylon) A Ram With Two Horns *Note: Nebuchadnezzar's Madness Frees Jehoiachin (Judah) (King of Media and Persia) From Prison And a He-Goat Belshazzar List of Captives Jeshua and Zerubbabel Nebuchadnezzar (Babylon) Based on Daniel's dialogue with King (King of Greece) Sees the Hand Writing and Livestock Count Rebuild Alter Makes Gedaliah Belshazzar (Daniel ). According *Dan On the Wall Ezra Offerings Resumed Governor of Judah to Daniel , it seems that Dan Ezra *Devout Gentiles 2 Kin Nebuchadnezzar experienced his Free will offering for Ask to Help temporary madness near the end of his Jehoiachin (Judah) Temple Reconstruction Procurement Ezra reign, after he had sucessfully Serves of Timber established his kingdom. Evil-Merodach (Babylon) Daniel Interprets 3.7 Israelites In Babylon the Message People and Refuse Help Dan Places of Residence Temple 4.3 Cyrus' Proclamation 2.7 Foundation Laid to Rebuild the Temple cf. Neh Rejected Gentiles Ezra Daniel Sabotage Reconstruction cf. 2 Chr Israelites Gedaliah Cyrus (Persia) Rejoice and Weep Rejected Gentiles 7months (25.25) 2 Kin Invades and Kills Write to 2 Kin Belshazzar (Babylon) Xerxes I (Persia) *Note: Dan , Dan 5.30 Accusing Jews While these two chapters (Daniel 7-8) occur in the narrative directly after the fall Jews, Benjamites, Priests, Levites Gather Ezra 4.6 of Babylon to the Medo-Persian Empire, Equipment and Goods verses 7.1 and 8.1 reveal that these events Persia Ezra take place prior to the capture of Babylon Conqures Babylon Ishmael Conspires (Daniel ). Dan 5.31 Daniel and Daniel's Vision Against Gedaliah The Lions Den of The End of Days 2 Kin Dan Dan Ezekiel Daniel Interprets Judeans Flee to Egypt Jeremiah's Prophecy Man in Linen Speaks 2 Kin of Seventy Years Dan Dan Habakkuk Cyrus Xerxes I *Obadiah King of Persia and Media (Persia) King of Persia and Media 2 Kin (Dan )-2 Kin 25.30; (Dan )-Dan 5.1-Dan 5.29 *Note: The Prophet Obadiah Scholars extensivley debate dates for Obadiah's work. Timeframes range from the time of King Jehoram to anytime before the fall of Babylon. Exact dating is difficult and depends on when Edom was destroyed in fulfilment of the prophecy. Dan Dan 9.27; Ezra (Daniel ) Nehemiah Note: Medo-Persian Kings During Israel's Captivity Cyrus--(Conquered Media, Lydia, and Babylon)--(Dan 5.30) Cambyses II--(Conquered Egypt) Bardiya Darius I Xerxes I--(Some Scholars claim this is Ahasuerus, the King who married Esther)--(Ezra 4.6) Artaxerxes I--(Ezra 4.7) Xerxes II Sogdianus Darius II--(Ezra 5.5-6) Artaxerxes II--(Some Scholars claim this is Ahasuerus, the King who married Esther)--(Esther 1.1; Neh 2.1) Artaxerxes III--(Some Scholars claim this is Ahasuerus, the King who married Esther) Arses Darius III--(Fell to Alexander; Darius' assassin, Bessus, tries to proclaim himself king)--(mac 1.1)

2 Artaxerxes I Darius II Artaxerxes II Haggai (Identified as a Prophet Ezra 5.1 Last Reference Ezra 16.14) Haggai Zechariah (Identified as a Prophet Ezra 5.1 Last Reference Ezra 16.14) Zechariah (Son of Berechiah, son of Iddo) (Son of Berechiah, son of Iddo) Temple Rebuilt *Note: The Book of Esther Scholars widely debate on the percise time period in which the events of Queen Esther took place. The Book of Esther identifies that the events unfold durring the third year of the Medo-Persian King Ahasuerus (Esther 1.1-3). According to Strong's (H325) the term 'Ahasuerus' seems to be a generic title rather than a specific name, given to identify any Persian King. Some Scholars Idenentify Ahasuerus with Xerxes I, others with Atraxerxes II, and others still with Atraxerxes III. The general consensus seems to fall strongest toward Atraxerxes II. The Book of Esther Governor Tatnai Temple Oversees Reconstruction Dedication Haggai and Zechariah Ezra 6.13 Ezra Prophecy to Jews Ezra 5.1 Prophets Preistly Order Jews Saved Urge Reconstruction Reestablished From Extermination Zerubbabel and Jeshua Queen Esther and Permitted to Restart Rebuilding Goes Before and Invites Fight for Their Lives Rejected Gentiles the Temple Temple Observed: The King and Haman Est Write to 5.2 Darius II (Persia) Reconstruction Passover To a Banquet Artaxerxes (Persia) Searches Archives Completed Feast of Unleavened Bread Est Accusing Jews Jews Fight Their Enemies Ezra Governor Tatnai Esther and Gain Power Tells Jews to Stop Building Made Queen of Persia Haman Prepares Throughout Persia Jews Refuse Est To Execute Mordecai Decree of King Cyrus Artaxerxes I (Persia) Found Orders Reconstruction Jews Write a Letter to Queen Vashti Esther's Cousin, Mordecai Haman Plots Jews Celebrate Halted Darius II (Persia) Refuses to Come Before Foils Plot to Assassinate Against Jews Artaxerxes II (Persia) (Feast of Purim Instituted) Artaxerxes II (Persia) Artaxerxes II (Persia) Est Remembers Mordecai Haman Begs Est and Honors him for For his Life Darius II (Persia) Jews Lament Saving The Kings Life Est 7.7 Affirms Cyrus' Decree Artaxerxes II (Persia) Rejected Gentiles to Rebuild Temple Banishes Haman Promoted Haman Hanged Halt Reconstruction Queen Vashti 3.1 Mordecai asks Esther Instead of Modecai Modecai and Esther To Go Before At her Baquet Protect the Jews Serving Artaxerxes II (Persia) Esther asks Artaxerxes II (Persia) Artaxerxes II (Persia) Mordecai Artaxerxes II (Persia) Mordecai Given Looks to Replace Refuses to Bow Before To Save the Jews Haman's Position Queen Vashti Haman Jews Fast for Esther From Haman In the Kings Court Artaxerxes I Darius II Artaxerxes II King of Persia and Media King of Persia and Media King of Persia and Media Daniel (Esther Esther

3 Note: Anshei Knesset HaGedolah (The Geat Assembly, or Great Synagogue) Hebrew tradition holds that his is the timeperiod in which the Great Assembly was formed by Ezra. It is said to have originally comprised of Haggi, Zechariah, and Modecai (from Book of Esther). This group is seen by Rabbinic Jews as the transition from the Prophets to the Rabbis, it is attributed with canonization of the Hebrew Scripture and the creation of Oral Law. *Malachi Reconstruction of Jerusalem's Wall (12yrs) *Joel Ezra Nehemiah Nehemiah Nehemiah Wall Reconstructed Nehemiah Learns of Israelite Learns Jerusalem Surveys Itemization Arbitrates Economic Disputes In 52 Days List of Israelites Celebrate Separation From Enforces Foreign intermarriages Is in Distress Damaged Walls of Reconstruction Neh Neh 6.15 Babylonian Captives Wall Reconstruction by: Ammonites and Moabites Temple Treasury Ezra Ezra Neh Neh Neh Returning to Jerusalem Purification Neh Neh Goes to Jerusalem Manages Resources Reaction and Activity Neh Giving Thanks Ezra 7.1-6, 9-10 Prays for Israel Nehemiah Tries to Encourage Difficulties of Opposition cf. Ezra a Rejoicing Tobiah, the Ammonite Enforces Prays for Israel Jews of Reconstruction Neh Challenges the Separation Sabbath Observance Many Israelites Interacts with Opposition Ezra Go to Jerusalem Intermarriages Nehemiah Teaches Israelites Temple and Preistly cf. Neh Separated Nehemiah Local Gentiles Fortifies Jerusalem To Obey the Provisions Enforces Asks to Go Try to Discourage Law of YHWH Marital Laws Artaxerxes II (Persia) To Jerusalem Nehemiah Frees Ezra , 2.10, To Govern Israel Israelites: According to the Fast Law of YHWH Separate From Gentiles Praise YHWH Ezra Lists Chiefs of the Tribes Israelites Who Traveled Vow to Obey the From Babylon Law of YWHW Israelite Journey Babylonian Captives Live In Jerusalem Daniel Ezra 10.44; Nehemiah Nehemiah *Note: Malachi "Malachi" is a hebrew term meaning "my messenger". In fact the hebrew translators of the Septuagint did not translate this as a name but as a word. This has lead many scholars to believe that "malachi" is not the name of a prophet but mearly a reference to a prophet. The Book of Malachi does not identify a specific timeframe for its writing, leading to wide ranging debate on the dating of this book. Some scholars point to textual clues which seem to indicate a time during Medo-Persia's domination of Israel. --The use of the term Governor (1.8), indicates a time after the Babylonian Invasion. --The inclussion of worship at The Temple (Malachi ), which indicates a time after The Temple's Reconstruction. --The inclusion of improper marriages (Malachi 2.11), which was a concern in Ezra's time. *Note: The Prophet Joel The Book of Joel does not specify any King, no King of Judah, King of Israel, or King of any Gentile Nation, by which to date the book. As a result there is extensive debate regarding when the Prophet Joel was working. Some scholars argue for an early Post-exile dateing near Ezra-Nehemiah because: --The lack of a King or reference to the Kingdom and the stong Priesthood seems to indicate a Post-exile date. --The use of the term Israel to identify all of Jacobs decendants, not only the Northern Kingdom (Joel 2.27). --Jerusalem has a wall, meaning Joel must take place before the captivity or after the wall has been rebuilt (Joel 2.7-9). Others scholars have argued for a late Post-exile dating because of textual clues which include: --Joel 1.4, 2.25 which seems to be symbolic references to the Four kingdoms prophesied by Daniel. --Joel 3.6 which uses the term "Grecians" (others-"ionians") seems to indicate a timeperiod of strong Greek influence.

4 Alexander III (The Great) Seleucius I Nicator Antiochus II Theos Antiochus III (The Great) Antiochus IV Epiphanes Darius III *Year of the Kingdom of the Greeks 137 (Mac 1.11) 143 (Mac 1.21) 145 (Mac 1.57) Alexander III (The Great) Seleucius I Nicator Antiochus II Theos Antiochus IV Epiphanes King of Macedon King of Asia (Seleucid) King of Asia (Seleucid) King of Asia (Seleucid) 1 Mac 1.10 Antiochus IV (Seleucid) Seleucius I (Seleucid) Seleucid Commander Commands Pagan Worship Founds the Seleucid Empire Betrays and Attacks Forbids Worship of YHWH Israelites 1 Mac Note: Greek Kings During Israel's Captivity Antiochus III (The Great) 1 Mac Alexander (The Great)---(Conquered Persia)--(1 Mac 1.1) Invades Altar to YWHW Defiled ---Civil War for the Throne--- Alexander III (Macedon) Ptolemy V (Egypt) Jerusalem Plundered Pagan Altars Built Seleucus I Nicator--(Founds the Seleucid Empire, names Invades And Captives Taken 1 Mac capital after his father, Antiochus) Darius III (Persia) 1 Mac Mattathias (The Hasmonean) Antiochus I Soter 1 Mac 1.1 Antiochus III (the Great) Many Israelites Copies of the Torah 1 Mac 2.1 Antiochus II Theos Captures Judea from Forsake YHWH for Greece Gentiles Build Destroyed Seleucus II Callinicus Ptolomy V (Egypt) 1 Mac A Citidel in Jerusalem 1 Mac 1.56 Seleucus III Keraunos (or Soter) To Dominate Jews John Gaddi Antiochus III the Great---(Solidifies control over Judea) Alexander III (Macedon) 1 Mac Followers of YHWH 1 Mac 2.2 Seleucus IV Philopator Offers Sacrifice at the Temple Executed Antiochus IV Epiphanes---(1 Mac 1.10) Cites Daniel Prophecy as About him 1 Mac Antiochus V Eupator---(1 Mac 6.17) Antiochus IV (Seleucid) Simon Thassi Demetrius I Soter---(1 Mac 7.4) Persia and Other Provinces Ptolomy V (Egypt) Invades 1 Mac 2.3 Alexander I Balas--(1 Mac 10.1,50) *Note: Year of the Kingdom of the Greeks Assert Independence From Seeks Help from Ptolemy VI (Egypt) Demetrius II Nicator (First Reign)--(1 Mac 11.19) The Book of 1st Maccabees offers a date listing (137- Greece Antiochus II (Seleucid) The Roman Republic 1 Mac Antiochus VI Dionysus (or Epiphanes)--(1 Mac 11.54) 177). These dates seem to number the years from the Conquers Medo-Persia Judas Maccabeus Diodotus Tryphon--(Called Trypho in Scripture)--(1 Mac 13.32) establishment of Alexander the Great's Macedonian Greek 1 Mac Mac 2.4 Antiochus VII Sidetes (or Euergetes)--(1 Mac 15.1,10) Empire and his domination the region of Judea/Israel. The Roman Republic Demetrius II Nicator (Second Reign) Captures Asia Minor from Antiochus IV (Seleucid) Alexander II Zabinas Antiochus III (The Great) Sacks and Strips Eleazar Avaran Seleucus V Philometor---(Joint rule with Cleopatra Thea) Alexander III (Macedon) The Reconstructed Temple 1 Mac 2.5a Antiochus VIII Grypus---(Joint rule with Cleopatra Thea) Dies 1 Mac Antiochus IX Cyzicenus Antiochus IV Epiphanes Demetrius III Eucaerus (or Philopator) Divides his Empire Between his Generals: Son of Antiochus III (The Great) Jonathan Apphus Seleucus VI Epiphanes Nicator Cassander (Provinces of Greece) Taken Captive by 1 Mac 2.5b Lysimachus (Provinces of Thrace and Anatolia) The Roman Republic Seleucus I Nicator (Provinces of Asia) Ptolemy I Sotor (Provinces Egypt and Judea) 1 Mac Antiochus XI Epiphanes Philadelphus Philip I Philadelphus Antiochus XII Dionysus Tigranes II the Great Antiochus XIII Asiaticus Philip II Philoromaeus--(Fell to Roman General Pompey) High Priest Eleazar Sends 70 to Translate the Torah Into Greek *Septuagint(LXX) Authored The Republic Of Rome Darius III Ptolemy II Philadelphus Arsaces I Ptolemy V Epiphanes Ptolemy VI Philometer King of Persia and Media King of Egypt Persia (Parthia) King of Egypt King of Egypt *Note: Septuagint (LXX) Authored King Ptolemy II Philadelphus of Egypt is the King who built the famous Library of Alexandria. During his reign Judea was still contested territory between the Greek Ptolemid dynasty centered in Alexandria Egypt and the Greek Seleucid dynasty centered in Antioch Syria. According to the historian Josephus, King Ptolemy II commissioned the Jewish High Priest Eleazar to provide a greek translation of the Hbrew Torah for the use in his Library. Eleazar sent 70 educated men from from the twelve tribes to Alexandria. (Over time many other Hebrew Scriptures are translated and collected with the Septuagint.) Because of this the work was refured to as "The Seventy" (Septuagint in Greek or LXX in Latin). However, many scholars hold that there were not actually 70 translators, but in fact Maccabees Maccabees Note: What is The Book of 1st Maccabees? The Book of 1st Maccabees discuss the events of the Macabean revolt in Judea starting roughly 50 years after the works of Nehemiah and ending rougly 80 years before the birth of Jesus of Nazareth. Maccabees is among a list of Scriptural writings known as the "Deuterocanon" (Second Canon). The Apocrypha and Deuterocanonical writings have been highly contested within Christendom. The Book of 1st Maccabees is found in the Bishops, Geneva, and 1611 King James Bibles. In the 1880's the English Revised Version is the first Bible to be printed without the Apocrypha. Useful Source: < Note: Sections of Information without Scripture References There are three sections in this timeline which lack any Bible verses. The timeperiods are when: ---Judea switches from Persian to Greek domination (Page 4) ---Judea switches from Greek to Roman Imperial domination (Page 8-9) ---Judea suffers destruction of the Temple by the Roman Empire (Page 13) We felt it was important to offer this information in order to further clarify the context of the Biblical Information. This information was collected from a variety of sources, but the three most prominate were: The Writings of Josephus THE SILENT CENTURIES: The Hasmonean Dynasty, Al Maxey < Various articles from the website < Note: Why is The Book of 1st Maccabees here? Our intent is not to enter into the debate on wether or not Maccabees should be included in the Protestant canon. Our interest is only to outline the events which took place during what it commonly referred to as "The Intertestamental Period". The Book of 1st Maccabees offers a clear, consise, and vivid record of many events of this timeperiod. There are other Deuterocanonical books wich provide historical information, however, in the interest of simplification, we have chosen to utilized only First Maccabees.

5 Mattathias Judas Maccabeus 146 (1 Mac 2.70) 147 (1 Mac 3.37) 148 (1 Mac 4.52) Seleucid Armies Invade Judea 1 Mac (Mattathias) Mattathias and his Sons Mattathias Persecuted Israelites Lament Dies Gentiles Begin Seek Help From Arrogant Israelite Commanders 1 Mac Killing Israelites Judas (Nation of the Jews) Defeated by Gentiles Israelite Army: Living Outside Judea 1 Mac Mac (John) Prays to YHWH 1 Mac Mattathias and his Sons Mattathias' Son Judas Fasts Sanctuary Cleansed Refuse to Takes Command Searches the Torah Rebel Against the Torah Tells his Sons to: 1 Mac Seeks YHWH Defiled Altar to YWHW Gentile Armies (Simon) Decide to Follows the Torah Set Aside Defeated Rebel Against the King Love the Torah 1 Mac Mac Mac Die for the Israelite Covenant Temple Restored Judas (Nation of the Jews) Judas (Nation of the Jews) Remember Their Ancestors Attacks and Repels Attacks and Repels (Judas) Trust in YHWH Seleucid Armies Sacrifices Offered Nearby Gentile Nations Nearby Gentile Nations 1000 Resisting Jews Do not Fear Attack and are Defeated Seleucid Armies to YHWH 1 Mac Persecuted Israelites 1 Mac Refuse to Fight on the Sabbath Blesses his Sons 1 Mac Defeated Rescued And are Killed Glory Given to YHWH Eight Days of Celebration 1 Mac (Eleazar) 1 Mac Mac Mac *(Hanukkah Instituted) 1 Mac Antiochus IV (Seleucid) *Israelite Army: Attacks Persia Temple Mount Fortified (Jonathan) Destroys Israelite Idollators 1 Mac Tears Down Idols 1 Mac Enforces Circumcision Laws Enforces Torah Observance 1 Mac *Note: Israelite Army First Maccabees 2.42 is the first mention of a group of Israelites called "Hasideans" (also translated Assideans) meaning "Pious ones". This group opposed the Hellinization of the Hebrew people. Scholars have widely debated this group as the possible origins of the Pharisees, Zealots, or Eccenses, possibly all of them. Mithridates I King of Persia (Parthia) Note: Hanukkah Instituted Scholars connect this with the Feast of Dedication John Maccabees Maccabees

6 Antiochus V Eupator Demetrius I Soter Jonathan Apphus (1 Mac 6.16,20) 151 (1 Mac 7.1) 152 (1 Mac 9.3) 153 (1 Mac 9.54) Antiochus IV (Seleucid) Antiochus V (Seleucid) Learns of Judas' Victories Overthrown and Killed 1 Mac Demetrius I Soter Antiochus IV (Seleucid) King of Asia (Seleucid) Seleucid Commander Bacchides Dies Israelite Idolators 1 Mac Attacks and is Defeated 1 Mac Seek Help From Antiochus V (Seleucid) Israelite Idollators 1 Mac Antiochus V (Seleucid) Besieges Jerusalem Seek Help From Seleucid Commander Nicanor Antiochus V Eupator 1 Mac Mac Demetrius I (Seleucid) Attacks and is Defeated Seleucid Commander Bacchides King of Asia (Seleucid) 1 Mac Mac and Defiled Priest Alcimus Israelite Idollators 1 Mac 6.17 Invade Judea Lead the Israelites Seleucid Commander Bacchides 1 Mac Mac Fortifies Judea Antiochus V (Seleucid) 1 Mac Invades Judea Antiochus V (Seleucid) (John) Defiled Priest Alcimus 1 Mac and Israelites Made High Priest Agree to Live in Peace 1 Mac Seleucid Commander Nicanor Followers of YHWH 1 Mac Mocks the Temple Executed Defiled High Priest Alcimus (Simon) 1 Mac Mac Orders the Destruction of Eleazar Seleucid Commander Bacchides Judas (Nation of the Jews) Temple Mount Fortifications Dies in Battle and Defiled Priest Alcimus Dies in Battle 1 Mac 9.54 Judas (Nation of the Jews) 1 Mac (Judas) Betray Israelites Burried in Jerusalem Besieges Gentile Citidel Antiochus V (Seleucid) 1 Mac Mac Israelites Choose In Jerusalem Betrays Israelites Judas' Brother Jonathan 1 Mac Israelite Army Orders the Destruction of Seleucid Commander Nicanor To Lead Them Alcimus Flees From Temple Mount Fortifications Israelite Army and All his Army Killed 1 Mac Struck with an Illness and Dies Antiochus V (Seleucid) 1 Mac Rises Against Alcimus 1 Mac Mac Mac Mac (Jonathan) Judas (Nation of the Jews) Ally Themselves With The Roman Republic 1 Mac Jonathan's Brother John Killed Jonathan Leads an Ambush 1 Mac The Republic Of Rome 1 Maccabees Maccabees

7 Alexander I Balas Demetrius II Nicator Antiochus VI Dionysus 160 (1 Mac 10.1,21) 162 (1 Mac 10.57) 165 (1 Mac 10.67) 167 (1 Mac 11.19) Demetrius I (Seleucid) Alexander I (Seleucid) Overthown and Killed Demetrius II (Seleucid) Fights to Overthrow Fights to Overthrow Jonathan (Nation of the Jews) Demetrius I (Seleucid) Alexander I Balas Alexander I (Seleucid) Besieges Gentile Citidel Demetrius II (Seleucid) 1 Mac King of Asia (Seleucid) 1 Mac Ptolemy VI (Egypt) 1 Mac Betrays 1 Mac Betrays Jonathan (Nation of the Jews) Seleucid Commander Bacchides Alexander I (Seleucid) Demetrius II (Seleucid) 1 Mac Attacks and is Defeated 1 Mac Agrees to: 1 Mac Each King Seeks Jews Loyalty Expand Territory of Judea 1 Mac Free it From Taxes Seleucid Commander Trypho Alexander I (Seleucid) 1 Mac Crowns Alexander's Son Demetrius Frees Jonathan Confirms Friendship with Antiochus VI Dionysus to Defend Jewish Lands Jonathan (Nation of the Jews) King of Asia (Seleucid) 1 Mac Jonathan (Nation of the Jews) 1 Mac Mac Peace Agreement Reached Alexander I (Seleucid) Captures Joppa Seleucid Troops Revolt 1 Mac Alexander I Makes Jonathan Allys With Sacks and Burns Azotus 1 Mac High Priest Ptolemy VI (Egypt) Destroys the Temple of Dagon Ptolemy VI (Egypt) Demetrius II (Seleucid) (Simon) 1 Mac Mac Sends Troops to Support Allys With Seleucid Commander Trypho Overthrown By Alexander I (Seleucid) Demetrius II (Seleucid) Finds Alexander's Son Antiochus Seleucid Commander Trypho Demetrius' Decree: 1 Mac In Order to Crown him King 1 Mac Territory of Judea Expanded 1 Mac Mac Jonathan (Nation of the Jews) Jonathan (Nation of the Jews) Freed From Taxes Ambushed and Abandoned Judged Israel Freed to Follow Laws of YHWH Prays and Defeats Enemy Destroys Israelite Idollators 1 Mac Jonathan's Brother On his Own 1 Mac 9.73 Ptolemy VI (Egypt) Jonathan (Nation of the Jews) Simon 1 Mac Crowns Himself King of Asia Sends Troops to Support Made Governor the Region Israel Distrusts Demetrius Jonathan (Nation of the Jews) Demetrius II (Seleucid) 1 Mac Allies with Alexander Made Governor the Region 1 Mac Jonathan (Nation of the Jews) (Jonathan) 1 Mac Mac Alexander I (Seleucid) Renews Alliances With Flees and Dies Nations of Rome and Sparta 1 Mac Ptolemy VI (Egypt) Dies Jonathan (Nation of the Jews) and his Brother Simon Patrol Borders of Judea Occupies the City Joppa Fortify Jerusalem Demetrius II Nicator King of Asia (Seleucid) 1 Mac Mac Ptolemy VI Philometer King of Egypt Republic of Rome Kingdom of Sparta 1 Maccabees Maccabees

8 Simon Thassi Trypho King of Asia Simon Becomes Ruler Antiochus VII Sidetes John Hyrcanus I aka. 1st Year of Simon (1 Mac 13.42) aka. 3rd Year of Simon (1 Mac 14.27) (1 Mac 13.41,51) 172 (1 Mac 14.1,27) 174 (1 Mac 15.10) 177 (1 Mac 16.14) Seleucid Commander Trypho Antiochus VII Antiochus VII (Seleucid) Seleucid Commander Trypho Betrays and Kills Overthrows Betrays Betrays and Captures Antiochus VI (Seleucid) Trypho King of Asia Simon (Nation of the Jews) Jonathan (Nation of the Jews) 1 Mac Mac Seleucid Commander Trypho Antiochus VII Sidetes Crowns Himself King of Asia Crowns Himself Antiochus VII (Seleucid) 1 Mac Demetrius' Son Trypho King of Asia Demands the Return of: Israelite Army Demetrius II (Seleucid) Antiochus VII (Seleucid) Joppa, Gazara, and Flees From Invades and Taken Captive by Confirms Alliance with Antiochus VII (Seleucid) The Citidel in Jerusaelm Seleucid Commander Trypho Arsaces (Parthia) Simon (Nation of the Jews) Traps Trypho in Dor 1 Mac Simon (Nation of the Jews) 1 Mac Mac Besieges City Simon (Nation of the Jews) Simon's Son-in-Law Nation of the Jews Allys With 1 Mac Offers Payment for Betrays and Kills Prospers under John Demetrius II (Seleucid) Captured Cites Simon (Nation of the Jews) Israelites Proclaim 1 Mac Mac Pharisees and Sadducees Jonathan's Brother Simon 1 Mac Develop and Support him As Leader Seleucid Army Simon's Son John 1 Mac Attacks Judea and is Defeated Made High Priest After his Death (Simon) 1 Mac Mac John's Decendents: Yoke of the Gentiles Nations of Rome and Sparta Made High Priest Seleucid Commander Trypho Removed from Israel Renew Alliances With Crown Themselves King Betrays Israelites 1 Mac Simon (Nation of the Jews) Forsake YHWH for Greece Kills and Buries Jonathan 1 Mac Mac Simon (Nation of the Jews) Captures Gazara Expels Idollators Simon: Purifies the City Israelites Honor Reburies Jonathan in Modein 1 Mac Simon and his Family Builds a Monument 1 Mac , (Jonathan) For his Familys Graves Simon (Nation of the Jews) Roman Republic 1 Mac Captures The Citidel Confirms Friendship Alliance Expels Idollators With Nation of the Jews Purifies the Citidel Simon (Nation of the Jews) 1 Mac Fortifies Temple Mount Made High Priest 1 Mac Made Ruler (Ethnarch) of The Jews *(Annual Ceremony Instituted) 1 Mac Mac Note: Annual Ceremony Instituted Some scholars connect this with Jesus in John Arsaces Mithridates I King of Persia and Media (Parthia) Republic of Rome Kingdom of Sparta Republic of Rome 1 Maccabees Maccabees Note: Kingdom of Judea (Hasmonean Dynasty) Simon Thasi--(1 Mac 14.47) John Hyrcanus I--(1 Mac 16.24) Aristobulus I--(Declares himself King) Johnathan (Renamed: Alexander Jannaeus)--(Contiues Kingship) Alexandra Salome--(Queen) John Hyrcanus II / Arisobus II---Civil War ---Conquered by Roman General Pompey--- John Hyrcanus II (High Priest only) Antigonus Herod (The Great) ---(Appointed King of all Israel by the Roman Senate, Begins Herodian Dynasty.)

9 Jonathan (Alexander Jannaeus) Ceasar Julius Herod (The Great) Ceasar Augustus Herod Archelaus Wise Men from the East Come to worship Christ And Bring Treasures and Gifts cf. Mat Jonathan (Alexander Jannaeus) The Birth of John (The Baptist) Mary Jesus High Priest and King of Judea After Alexander's Death Prophecied Gives Birth to Jesus Grows in Divine and Human Favor his Elder Son, Hyrcanus Luke Luke Luke Pharisees Demand allys with Pharisees Roman Gereral Alexander (Nation of the Jews) his Younger son, Aristobulus Pompey Conquers: Choose Between Being allys with Sadducees Antioch (Seleucid Empire) The Birth of Jesus (The Messiah) Anna Speaks King or High Priest and Prophecied To Those in Jerusalem Pharisee-Sadducee Jerusalem (Kingdom of Judea) Looking for Redemption Alexander (Nation of the Jews) Judean civil war Herod (The Great) Allys With Sadducees Executes all Male Infants Represses Pharisees each side seeks help from Mary with Elizabeth in Bethlehem Roman General Pompey cf. Mathew Roman Civil War Elizabeth Gives Birth to John John Grows in Strong in Spirit 1.8 Herod (The Great) Anna the Prophetess Caesar Julius Assasinated Dies (Luke 2.36) By the Roman Senate cf. Mathew 2.19 Roman Civil War Julius Ceasar Proclaimed Herod Archelaus King (Ethnarch) Ruler for Life Herod (The Great) Roman Republic Falls of Judea By the Roman Senate Made King of All Israel Roman Empire Founded cf. Mathew 2.22 Roman General Sulla Expands and Rebuilds Temple Crowns himself Roman Ruler for Life Caesar Julius Caesar Augustus Dictator of Rome Emperor of Rome Note: Sections of Information without Scripture References There are three sections in this timeline which lack any Bible verses. The timeperiods are when: ---Judea switches from Persian to Greek domination (Page 4) ---Judea switches from Greek to Roman Imperial domination (Page 8-9) ---Judea suffers destruction of the Temple by the Roman Empire (Page 13) We felt it was important to offer this information in order to further clarify the context of the Biblical Information. This information was collected from a variety of sources, but the three most prominate were: The Writings of Josephus THE SILENT CENTURIES: The Hasmonean Dynasty, Al Maxey < Various articles from the website < Herod's Temple Construction Work Luke Acts Note: King of Jews (Herodian Dynasty) ---Assasination of Caesar Julius, Roman Republic falls into civil war--- Herod (The Great)---(Elected King of all Israel by the Roman Senate)--(Luke 1.5) *Herod Archelaus---(Ethnarch of Judaea)--(cf. Matthew 2.22) *Herod Antipas---(Tetrarch of Galilee)--(Luke 3.1) *Herod II---(Tetrarch of Batanaea) *Herod Philip II---(Tetrarch of Ituraea and Trachonitis)--(Luke 3.1) Herod Agrippa I---(Tetrarch of Batanaea and Galilee, later King)--(Acts 12.1) Herod Agrippa II---(Tetrarch of Chalcis, later Tetrarch of Batanaea)--(Acts 23.35) ---Revolt of the Zealots against Rome ends the Herodian Dynasty--- Rulers marked by '*' all began their reigns at the same time. Note: Emperors of the Roman Empire During Israel's Captivity Caesar Augustus--(Founds Roman Empire)--(Luke 2.1) Caesar Tiberius--(Luke 3.1) Caesar Gaius (Caligula) Caesar Claudius--(Acts 11.28) Caesar Nero ---Civil War (Year of the Four Emperors)--- Caesar Galba------(June-January) Caesar Otho (January-April) Caesar Vitellius---(April-December) Caesar Vespasian--(Founds a New Imperial Dynesty; Destroys Temple)

10 Ceasar Tiberius Herod Antipas Jesus' Ministry Jesus John the Baptist Jesus Jesus Jesus Sadducees with Judas Grows in Divine and Human Favor Baptizes Jesus Begins his Ministry Feeds the Multitude Arrives in Jerusalem in Praise Conspire Against Jesus Luke Attracts Many Diciples Luke Luke Luke Luke Anna Speaks Jesus On the Mount of Transfiguration Expels the Money Changers Jesus To Those in Jerusalem Tempted in the Wilderness Names his 12 Apostles Celebrates Passover Looking for Redemption 40 Days Simon (Peter) Philip James (Son of Alphaeus) Andrew (Brother of Peter) Bartholomew Simon the Zealot Completes his Ministry Teaches in the Temple James (Son of Zebedee) Matthew Judas (Brother of James) John (Brother of James) Thomas Judas Iscariot Prophecy Against Temple Teaches to a Multitude Anna the Prophetess (Luke 2.36) Continues his Ministry Pontius Pilate Governor of Judea Gives Power to his 12 Apostles Herod Antipas Ruler (Tetrarch) John the Baptist Sends Them To Minister to the People of Galilee (Luke 7.28, 20.6) Philip Ruler (Tetrarch) Jesus of Ituraea and Trachonitis Herod Antipas Lysanias Ruler (Tetrarch) Imprisions and Beheads of Abilene John the Baptist Herod Antipas 9.9 Hears of Jesus Luke Note: Gospel of Luke According to Luke 1.3, Luke wrote with stronger emphasis on the chronological narrative about the life of Jesus than did the other Gospel writers. Luke writes to Theophilus in both Luke and Acts (Luke 1.4, Acts 1.1) thus making Luke/Acts a two-volume collection and as such serves as our base text. Caesar Tiberius Emperor of Rome Luke (Matthew ; Mark ; John ;) Acts

11 Caesar Gaius (Caligula) Church Development (Barnabas) Peter and the Apostles Preaching on Day of Pentecost Peter, John, and Saul (Paul) Acts Disciples Pray Acts 8.1 cf. Acts 2.14 Acts The Twelve Jesus Jesus Simon (Peter) Peter and John Stephen's Jesus Crucified Appears in the Flesh Ministry at the Temple Sharing of Property Ministry and Martyrdom Saul Prays on the Mount of Olives Luke days James (Son of Zebedee) Acts Acts Seeks to Destroy Luke Luke Parthians Followers of Jesus Buried John (Brother of James) Medes Judas Betrays Jesus Elamites Barnabas (The Other Apostles) Seen by: Andrew (Brother of Peter) Mesopotamia Acts 8.3 Resurected Cephas and the 12 Judaea cf. Acts People Philip Cappadocia (James, Son of Zebedee) cf. Acts James Pontus Apostles Heal the Sick All the Apostles Thomas Asia cf. 1 Cor Phrygia (Philip) Jesus Bartholomew Pamphylia Brought Before Sadducees Libya 12 Apostles Disiples ask Jesus Matthew Cyrene Questioned by Sanhedrin (John, Son of Zebedee) About Kingdom Restoration Rome Acts James (Son of Alphaeus) Jews and proselytes Cretes (Peter) Simon the Zealot Arabians Apostles Present Ascends into Heaven Solution for the Luke Judas (Brother of James) Care of Widows Jesus Acts Brought Before Pilot Matthias Replaces Judas Jesus Converts Continue Acts in Apostles' Teachings Stephen Brought Before Herod Antipas Joseph (Barnabas/Justus) Considered as Replacement Brought Before Pilot Acts Luke Luke 24.53; (1 Corinthians ;) Acts Acts 28.31

12 Herod Agrippa I Caesar Claudius Barnabas' Ministry Paul's First (Barnabas) Barnabas Helps Paul in Antioch Missionary Journey (Barnabas) with the Disciples Acts in Synagoges in Jerusalem cf. Acts 13.5,14,42,14.1 (Saul) Saul's Conversion Paul's Ministry Barnabas and Paul's (Paul) Acts in Damascus Synagogues Acts Ministry in Antioch Joined by Barnabas Acts cf. Acts (James, Son of Alphaeus) Note: Galatians Agabus Prophisies Acts In Galatians , Paul offers some additional historic A Great Famine timeline information concerning these events (Judas, Son of Alphaeus) (The Other Apostles) (The Other Apostles) (Thomas) Herod Agrippa I Persecutes the Church (James, Son of Zebedee) (James, Son of Zebedee) 12.1 Jerusalem (Bartholomew) Council Acts (Philip) Philip's Ministry Philip in Gaza, Azotus, Caesarea Executes James (Son of Zebedee) (Philip) (Philip) Acts Acts 8.26, Peter and John (John, Son of Zebedee) Join Philip (John, Son of Zebedee) (John, Son of Zebedee) In Samaria Acts Arrests Peter (Peter) Peter's Ministry: (Peter) (Simon/Peter) to Aeneas in Lydda Acts (Andrew, Brother of Peter) Peter Miraculously to Tabitha in Joppa Freed From Prison (Matthew) Prophets From Ceriain Prophets (Simon, the Zealot) Jerusalem in Antioch (Acts ) (Acts 13.1) to Cornelius in Caesarea Herod Agrippa I King (Matthias) Agabus of Batanaea and Galilee (Identified as a Prophet Acts ) Acts Caesar Gaius (Caligula) Caesar Claudius Emperor of Rome Emperor of Rome Luke Acts Note: Christian and Christians The term "Christian" is found three times in the NT (Acts 11.26, 26.28; First Peter 4.16). Followers of Jesus being called "Christian" originates in Antioch (Acts 11.26)..

13 Herod Agrippa II Caesar Nero Caesar Vespasian (Barnabas) Paul and Barnabas Barnabas and Mark Go to Cyprus Judas and Silas Paul and Barnabas Acts James, Brother of Jesus Take Jerusalem Letter Ministry in Antioch Executed (Paul) to Antioch Acts Paul's Second Paul's Third Acts Missionary Journey Missionary Journey Paul Goes to Jerusalem Note: The New Testament 27-Book Canon These writings are generally accepted to be authored by: Paul (with associates) Romans---(Rom 16.22) 1&2 Corinthians---(1 Cor 1.1; 2 Cor 1.1) Galatians---(Gal 1.1) Ephesians---(Eph 1.1) Philippians---(Phili 1.1) Colossians---(Col 1.1) 1&2 Thessalonians---(1 Thes 1.1; 2 Thes 1.1) 1&2 Timothy---(1 Tim 1.1; 2 Tim 1.1) Titus---(Tit 1.1) Philemon---(Phile 1.1) James (the Just), Brother of Jesus James---(Jam 1.1) Peter 1&2 Peter---(1 Pet 1.1; 2 Pet 1.1) Jude, Brother of James (held to be a half-brother of Jesus) Jude---(Jud 1.1) John Revelation---(Rev 1.1) Uncertain Authorship Hebrews---(Traditionally Attributed to Paul) 1,2,3 John---(Traditionally Attributed to John) Joined by Silas, Timothy, Luke Joined by Silas, Luke, Others Acts cf. Acts 15.40, 16.1, cf. Acts 20.4 Takes a Vow Gessius Florus Procurator Acts Acts of Judea Abuses the Jews Apollos' Ministry Agabus Prophesies Arrested Paul's Arrest and Trials Herod Agrippa II Warns Against Rebellion Addresses the Crowd Jews Rebel Against Florus Roman General Vespasian Becomes Emperor Brought Before the Council Zealots Forbid Sacrifices Offered on Behalf of Rome Note: The New Testament 27-Book Canon Arguments concerning authorship and date of authorship for these 27 writings vary throughout Christianity. Because of this, we have chosen not to record their specific authorship and date on this timeline. For the purposes of this timeline, it is important only to note that these 27 writings are generally accepted to have been written sometime in the first century. Jews Conspire to Kill Paul Jewish Rebels Factionalize Roman General Titus: Besieges and Bombards Burns and Destoys Paul Brought Before Antonius Felix Jerusalem and The Temple Roman General Vespasian Imprisioned at Caesarea Reconquers Galilee Without the Temple: Brought Before Porcius Festus Traped Jews Draw Lots to Die Sadducees Become Irrelevant *Jewish General Josephus Survives Pharisees Become Dominate Judas (Acts 15.32) Brought Before Herod Agrippa II The Four Daughters Zealots Fortify Themselves Silas of Philip the Evangalist In The Temple (Acts 15.32) (Acts ) Taken to Rome Jewish Rebels Factionalize (Last Reference Acts ) Agabus Addresses Jewish Jeaders Caesar Nero Caesar Vespasian Emperor of Rome Emperor of Rome Note: John at Patmos While we are not concerned with authorship or date of authorship, it seems proper to conclude with the Apostle John writing The Book of Revelation at Patmos. May YHWH bless you and may this study be profitable for you. Luke 1.1--(Rom; 1&2Cor; Gal; Eph; Phili; Col; 1&2Thes; 1&2Tim; Tit; Phile; Heb; James; 1&2Pet; 1,2,3John; Jud; Rev)--Acts Note: Jewish General Josephus This is the same Josephus who will eventually write The Antiquities of the Jews and The War of the Jews. Note: Sections of Information without Scripture References There are three sections in this timeline which lack any Bible verses. The timeperiods are when: ---Judea switches from Persian to Greek domination (Page 4) ---Judea switches from Greek to Roman Imperial domination (Page 8-9) ---Judea suffers destruction of the Temple by the Roman Empire (Page 13) We felt it was important to offer this information in order to further clarify the context of the Biblical Information. This information was collected from a variety of sources, but the three most prominate were: The Writings of Josephus THE SILENT CENTURIES: The Hasmonean Dynasty, Al Maxey < Various articles from the website <