Old Testament I: Law & History Week 11 1 & 2 Kings

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1 Synopsis of "Foremost in the books of Kings is the reign of the single God of Israel. Along with it is the habitual practice of God's people, who turn from him to worship other gods. Theological Interpretation of the Old Testament, Location 1417 The theme of these two books was to demonstrate on the basis of Israel s history that the welfare of the nation ultimately depended upon the sincerity of its faithfulness to the covenant with Yahweh, and that the success of any ruler was to be measured by the degree of his adherence to the Mosaic constitution and his maintenance of a pure and God-honoring testimony before the heathen. The purpose of this record was to set forth those events which were important from the standpoint of God and His program of redemption. A Survey of Old Testament Introduction, Pg. 317 Perhaps more than any other canonical work, the book of Kings argues for a single-minded commitment to the one God, who exists, creates, makes covenant, and gives the land. Old Testament Theology, Pg Kings, which explains why the people were destroyed and carried off to exile, was originally a call for the people to reject their rejection and return to faith in God. The Message of the Old Testament, Location 6329 Author: Unknown I. Solomon Builds God s House, But Loses The Kingdom (1 Kings 1-11) Solomon is given the Kingship to continue the line of David. He is praised for His asking for and subsequent use of wisdom. In addition, he is used to establish the Temple in Jerusalem that will serve as the center of Israel s theocracy. However, as God s Word predicts, marriage w/ foreigners leads the heart of Solomon away from God and to the division of the Kingdom. a. Key Verses i. Solomon is anointed as King 1 Kings 1:32 40 (ESV) 32 King David said, Call to me Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada. So they came before the king. 33 And the king said to them, Take with you the servants of your lord and have Solomon my son ride on my own mule, and bring him down to Gihon. 34 And let Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet there anoint him king over Israel. Then blow the trumpet and say, Long live King Solomon! 35 You shall then come up after him, and he shall come and sit on my throne, for he shall be king in my place. And I have appointed him to be ruler over Israel and over Judah. 36 And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada answered the king, Amen! May the Lord, the God of my lord FBC Durham Bible For Life Page 1

2 the king, say so. 37 As the Lord has been with my lord the king, even so may he be with Solomon, and make his throne greater than the throne of my lord King David. 38 So Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites and the Pelethites went down and had Solomon ride on King David s mule and brought him to Gihon. 39 There Zadok the priest took the horn of oil from the tent and anointed Solomon. Then they blew the trumpet, and all the people said, Long live King Solomon! 40 And all the people went up after him, playing on pipes, and rejoicing with great joy, so that the earth was split by their noise. ii. David reminds Solomon of God s covenant with him 1 Kings 2:1 4 (ESV) 1 When David s time to die drew near, he commanded Solomon his son, saying, 2 I am about to go the way of all the earth. Be strong, and show yourself a man, 3 and keep the charge of the Lord your God, walking in his ways and keeping his statutes, his commandments, his rules, and his testimonies, as it is written in the Law of Moses, that you may prosper in all that you do and wherever you turn, 4 that the Lord may establish his word that he spoke concerning me, saying, If your sons pay close attention to their way, to walk before me in faithfulness with all their heart and with all their soul, you shall not lack a man on the throne of Israel. iii. Solomon starts off with the wrong focus 1 Kings 3:1 (ESV) 1 Solomon made a marriage alliance with Pharaoh king of Egypt. He took Pharaoh s daughter and brought her into the city of David until he had finished building his own house and the house of the Lord and the wall around Jerusalem. iv. Solomon s asks for wisdom 1 Kings 3:5 9 (ESV) 5 At Gibeon the Lord appeared to Solomon in a dream by night, and God said, Ask what I shall give you. 6 And Solomon said, You have shown great and steadfast love to your servant David my father, because he walked before you in faithfulness, in righteousness, and in uprightness of heart toward you. And you have kept for him this great and steadfast love and have given him a son to sit on his throne this day. 7 And now, O Lord my God, you have made your servant king in place of David my father, although I am but a little child. I do not know how to go out or come in. 8 And your servant is in the midst of your people whom you have chosen, a great people, too many to be numbered or counted for multitude. 9 Give your servant therefore an understanding mind to govern your people, that I may discern between good and evil, for who is able to govern this your great people? v. Solomon is blessed through wisdom God granted him 1 Kings 4:29 30 (ESV) 29 And God gave Solomon wisdom and understanding beyond FBC Durham Bible For Life Page 2

3 measure, and breadth of mind like the sand on the seashore, 30 so that Solomon s wisdom surpassed the wisdom of all the people of the east and all the wisdom of Egypt. vi. God reminds Solomon of the blessings associated with obedience 1 Kings 6:11 13 (ESV) 11 Now the word of the Lord came to Solomon, 12 Concerning this house that you are building, if you will walk in my statutes and obey my rules and keep all my commandments and walk in them, then I will establish my word with you, which I spoke to David your father. 13 And I will dwell among the children of Israel and will not forsake my people Israel. vii. The Temple of God is dedicated 1 Kings 8:22 24 (ESV) 22 Then Solomon stood before the altar of the Lord in the presence of all the assembly of Israel and spread out his hands toward heaven, 23 and said, O Lord, God of Israel, there is no God like you, in heaven above or on earth beneath, keeping covenant and showing steadfast love to your servants who walk before you with all their heart; 24 you have kept with your servant David my father what you declared to him. You spoke with your mouth, and with your hand have fulfilled it this day. viii. Solomon speaks of Israel s future of sin and available path of restoration 1 Kings 8:46 50 (ESV) 46 If they sin against you for there is no one who does not sin and you are angry with them and give them to an enemy, so that they are carried away captive to the land of the enemy, far off or near, 47 yet if they turn their heart in the land to which they have been carried captive, and repent and plead with you in the land of their captors, saying, We have sinned and have acted perversely and wickedly, 48 if they repent with all their mind and with all their heart in the land of their enemies, who carried them captive, and pray to you toward their land, which you gave to their fathers, the city that you have chosen, and the house that I have built for your name, 49 then hear in heaven your dwelling place their prayer and their plea, and maintain their cause 50 and forgive your people who have sinned against you, and all their transgressions that they have committed against you, and grant them compassion in the sight of those who carried them captive, that they may have compassion on them ix. God warns Solomon to remain obedient 1 Kings 9:4 9 (ESV) 4 And as for you, if you will walk before me, as David your father walked, with integrity of heart and uprightness, doing according to all that I have commanded you, and keeping my statutes and my rules, 5 then I will establish your royal throne over Israel forever, as I promised David your father, saying, You shall not lack a man on the throne of Israel. 6 But if you FBC Durham Bible For Life Page 3

4 turn aside from following me, you or your children, and do not keep my commandments and my statutes that I have set before you, but go and serve other gods and worship them, 7 then I will cut off Israel from the land that I have given them, and the house that I have consecrated for my name I will cast out of my sight, and Israel will become a proverb and a byword among all peoples. 8 And this house will become a heap of ruins. Everyone passing by it will be astonished and will hiss, and they will say, Why has the Lord done thus to this land and to this house? 9 Then they will say, Because they abandoned the Lord their God who brought their fathers out of the land of Egypt and laid hold on other gods and worshiped them and served them. Therefore the Lord has brought all this disaster on them. x. Solomon reigns in peace 1 Kings 10:23 25 (ESV) 23 Thus King Solomon excelled all the kings of the earth in riches and in wisdom. 24 And the whole earth sought the presence of Solomon to hear his wisdom, which God had put into his mind. 25 Every one of them brought his present, articles of silver and gold, garments, myrrh, spices, horses, and mules, so much year by year. xi. Solomon s sin will lead to the division of Israel 1 Kings 11:1 13 (ESV) 1 Now King Solomon loved many foreign women, along with the daughter of Pharaoh: Moabite, Ammonite, Edomite, Sidonian, and Hittite women, 2 from the nations concerning which the Lord had said to the people of Israel, You shall not enter into marriage with them, neither shall they with you, for surely they will turn away your heart after their gods. Solomon clung to these in love. 3 He had 700 wives, who were princesses, and 300 concubines. And his wives turned away his heart. 4 For when Solomon was old his wives turned away his heart after other gods, and his heart was not wholly true to the Lord his God, as was the heart of David his father. 5 For Solomon went after Ashtoreth the goddess of the Sidonians, and after Milcom the abomination of the Ammonites. 6 So Solomon did what was evil in the sight of the Lord and did not wholly follow the Lord, as David his father had done. 7 Then Solomon built a high place for Chemosh the abomination of Moab, and for Molech the abomination of the Ammonites, on the mountain east of Jerusalem. 8 And so he did for all his foreign wives, who made offerings and sacrificed to their gods. 9 And the Lord was angry with Solomon, because his heart had turned away from the Lord, the God of Israel, who had appeared to him twice 10 and had commanded him concerning this thing, that he should not go after other gods. But he did not keep what the Lord commanded. 11 Therefore the Lord said to Solomon, Since this has been your practice and you have not kept my covenant and my statutes that I have commanded you, I will surely tear the kingdom from you and will give it to your servant. 12 Yet for the sake of David your father I will not do it in your FBC Durham Bible For Life Page 4

5 days, but I will tear it out of the hand of your son. 13 However, I will not tear away all the kingdom, but I will give one tribe to your son, for the sake of David my servant and for the sake of Jerusalem that I have chosen. Solomon s heart turned away from the Lord! The kind of Christianity we learn from the Bible and experience in our lives together in the church is not just a bunch of head knowledge. It is not simply a set of doctrines that we believe. It involves the affections of our hearts: whom we love, whom we trust, whom we live in relationship with. Sadly, Solomon, with all of his wonderful human wisdom, turned his heart away from the Lord and placed it on other gods (11:8, 10). The Message of the Old Testament, Location 5900 As a result of this rebellion, the kingdom divides between the southern tribes of Judah and Benjamin (referred to as Judah) and the ten northern tribes (referred to collectively as Israel). The southern kingdom centers on Jerusalem and maintains descendants of David on the throne, while the northern kingdom of Israel centers on Samaria. In these two pictures, we learn that religious decline can have different appearances. The Message of the Old Testament, Location 5940 II. The Kingdom Is Divided, Godlessness Continues, And Elijah Shows The Power Of God (1 Kings 12-22) God s promises are fulfilled and the Kingdom is split into north and south. Sin reigns in both Kingdoms leading to battles among each other and the surrounding nations. Great prophets begin to arise to call the Kings and the nation to repentance. a. Key Verses i. Jeroboam rejects the gift of God and causes Israel to worship other Gods 1 Kings 12:26 28 (ESV) 26 And Jeroboam said in his heart, Now the kingdom will turn back to the house of David. 27 If this people go up to offer sacrifices in the temple of the Lord at Jerusalem, then the heart of this people will turn again to their lord, to Rehoboam king of Judah, and they will kill me and return to Rehoboam king of Judah. 28 So the king took counsel and made two calves of gold. And he said to the people, You have gone up to Jerusalem long enough. Behold your gods, O Israel, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt. ii. Jeroboam sets a pattern followed by many kings after him 1 Kings 13:33 34 (ESV) 33 After this thing Jeroboam did not turn from his evil way, but made priests for the high places again from among all the people. Any who would, he ordained to be priests of the high places. 34 And this thing became FBC Durham Bible For Life Page 5

6 sin to the house of Jeroboam, so as to cut it off and to destroy it from the face of the earth. iii. Ahab takes Israel to even further depths 1 Kings 16:30 33 (ESV) 30 And Ahab the son of Omri did evil in the sight of the Lord, more than all who were before him. 31 And as if it had been a light thing for him to walk in the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, he took for his wife Jezebel the daughter of Ethbaal king of the Sidonians, and went and served Baal and worshiped him. 32 He erected an altar for Baal in the house of Baal, which he built in Samaria. 33 And Ahab made an Asherah. Ahab did more to provoke the Lord, the God of Israel, to anger than all the kings of Israel who were before him. iv. Elijah is used by God to show His sovereignty and discipline of sin 1 Kings 17:1 (ESV) 1 Now Elijah the Tishbite, of Tishbe in Gilead, said to Ahab, As the Lord, the God of Israel, lives, before whom I stand, there shall be neither dew nor rain these years, except by my word. v. Elijah challenges Israel to follow God 1 Kings 18:17 21 (ESV) 17 When Ahab saw Elijah, Ahab said to him, Is it you, you troubler of Israel? 18 And he answered, I have not troubled Israel, but you have, and your father s house, because you have abandoned the commandments of the Lord and followed the Baals. 19 Now therefore send and gather all Israel to me at Mount Carmel, and the 450 prophets of Baal and the 400 prophets of Asherah, who eat at Jezebel s table. 20 So Ahab sent to all the people of Israel and gathered the prophets together at Mount Carmel. 21 And Elijah came near to all the people and said, How long will you go limping between two different opinions? If the Lord is God, follow him; but if Baal, then follow him. And the people did not answer him a word. The prophets begin to play an increasingly important role in the biblical story There is no dynasty of prophets; God calls each of them for the purpose of bringing his word to Israel and especially to its leaders at a specific moment in the nation s history. Israel is a theocracy and, and God s word is to have final authority, not the word of the King. The Drama of Scripture, Pg. 100 vi. God shows His superiority over Baal 1 Kings 18:38 40 (ESV) 38 Then the fire of the Lord fell and consumed the burnt offering and the wood and the stones and the dust, and licked up the water that was in the trench. 39 And when all the people saw it, they fell on their faces and said, The Lord, he is God; the Lord, he is God. 40 And Elijah said to them, Seize the prophets of FBC Durham Bible For Life Page 6

7 Baal; let not one of them escape. And they seized them. And Elijah brought them down to the brook Kishon and slaughtered them there. The absolute victory of Israel's God over Baal in the contest and the subsequent execution of all the priests of Baal (and Asherah) demonstrated the uncompromising nature of God's demand for sole worship by his people. Theological Interpretation of the Old Testament, Location 1422 Clearly 1 Kings demonstrates God s rule over nature in a way that eliminates the nature god Baal from consideration as a living deity. Old Testament Theology, Pg. 261 vii. Elijah is used to bring Ahab to temporary repentance 1 Kings 21:27 29 (ESV) 27 And when Ahab heard those words, he tore his clothes and put sackcloth on his flesh and fasted and lay in sackcloth and went about dejectedly. 28 And the word of the Lord came to Elijah the Tishbite, saying, 29 Have you seen how Ahab has humbled himself before me? Because he has humbled himself before me, I will not bring the disaster in his days; but in his son s days I will bring the disaster upon his house. III. The Beginning Of The God Removing His People From The Land (2 Kings 1-17) God promised in Deuteronomy 28:36-37 that the sin of the people will lead to their removal from the Promised Land. First the northern Kingdom is removed and their removal is attributed to the hand of God (2 Kings 17:7). a. Key Verses i. Elijah is taken up into Heaven 2 Kings 2:9 11 (ESV) 9 When they had crossed, Elijah said to Elisha, Ask what I shall do for you, before I am taken from you. And Elisha said, Please let there be a double portion of your spirit on me. 10 And he said, You have asked a hard thing; yet, if you see me as I am being taken from you, it shall be so for you, but if you do not see me, it shall not be so. 11 And as they still went on and talked, behold, chariots of fire and horses of fire separated the two of them. And Elijah went up by a whirlwind into heaven. ii. God displays his power to, Naaman, the commander of the Syrian army 2 Kings 5:14 15 (ESV) 14 So he went down and dipped himself seven times in the Jordan, according to the word of the man of God, and his flesh was restored like the flesh of a little child, and he was clean. 15 Then he returned to the man of God, he and all his company, and he came and stood before him. And he said, Behold, I know that there is no God in all the earth but in Israel; so accept now a present from your servant. FBC Durham Bible For Life Page 7

8 Yahweh is capable of healing individuals or nations. Yahweh is equally capable of judging persons or countries. All of nature is at the creator s disposal, and all human events are under the lordship of the sovereign judge. Elisha is the human means by which these truths become evident. Old Testament Theology, Pg. 263 iii. God battles for His people with His spiritual forces 2 Kings 6:15 17 (ESV) 15 When the servant of the man of God rose early in the morning and went out, behold, an army with horses and chariots was all around the city. And the servant said, Alas, my master! What shall we do? 16 He said, Do not be afraid, for those who are with us are more than those who are with them. 17 Then Elisha prayed and said, O Lord, please open his eyes that he may see. So the Lord opened the eyes of the young man, and he saw, and behold, the mountain was full of horses and chariots of fire all around Elisha. iv. Amidst the sin of the people God still shows compassion 2 Kings 13:22 23 (ESV) 22 Now Hazael king of Syria oppressed Israel all the days of Jehoahaz. 23 But the Lord was gracious to them and had compassion on them, and he turned toward them, because of his covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and would not destroy them, nor has he cast them from his presence until now. v. The Northern Kingdom is wiped away 2 Kings 17:6 13 (ESV) 6 In the ninth year of Hoshea, the king of Assyria captured Samaria, and he carried the Israelites away to Assyria and placed them in Halah, and on the Habor, the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes. 7 And this occurred because the people of Israel had sinned against the Lord their God, who had brought them up out of the land of Egypt from under the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and had feared other gods 8 and walked in the customs of the nations whom the Lord drove out before the people of Israel, and in the customs that the kings of Israel had practiced. 9 And the people of Israel did secretly against the Lord their God things that were not right. They built for themselves high places in all their towns, from watchtower to fortified city. 10 They set up for themselves pillars and Asherim on every high hill and under every green tree, 11 and there they made offerings on all the high places, as the nations did whom the Lord carried away before them. And they did wicked things, provoking the Lord to anger, 12 and they served idols, of which the Lord had said to them, You shall not do this. 13 Yet the Lord warned Israel and Judah by every prophet and every seer, saying, Turn from your evil ways and keep my commandments and my statutes, in accordance FBC Durham Bible For Life Page 8

9 with all the Law that I commanded your fathers, and that I sent to you by my servants the prophets. vi. Judah will not be exempt from the discipline of God 2 Kings 17:19 20 (ESV) 19 Judah also did not keep the commandments of the Lord their God, but walked in the customs that Israel had introduced. 20 And the Lord rejected all the descendants of Israel and afflicted them and gave them into the hand of plunderers, until he had cast them out of his sight. IV. Judah Is Blessed With A Few Righteous Kings, But Their Removal From The Land Is Already In Motion (2 Kings 18-25) Judah fairs slightly better than the Northern Kingdom, but only for a brief period of time. Even with a few instances of Godly kings, the sin of the people leads to their removal by the Babylonians. At the close of the story, the once great nation is desolate and controlled by pagan nations. i. Hezekiah leads Judah back to faithfulness 2 Kings 18:1, 3-5 (ESV) 1 In the third year of Hoshea son of Elah, king of Israel, Hezekiah the son of Ahaz, king of Judah, began to reign 3 And he did what was right in the eyes of the Lord, according to all that David his father had done. 4 He removed the high places and broke the pillars and cut down the Asherah. And he broke in pieces the bronze serpent that Moses had made, for until those days the people of Israel had made offerings to it (it was called Nehushtan). 5 He trusted in the Lord, the God of Israel, so that there was none like him among all the kings of Judah after him, nor among those who were before him. ii. The Book of the Law is rediscovered under Josiah s reign 2 Kings 22:11 13 (ESV) 11 When the king heard the words of the Book of the Law, he tore his clothes. 12 And the king commanded Hilkiah the priest, and Ahikam the son of Shaphan, and Achbor the son of Micaiah, and Shaphan the secretary, and Asaiah the king s servant, saying, 13 Go, inquire of the Lord for me, and for the people, and for all Judah, concerning the words of this book that has been found. For great is the wrath of the Lord that is kindled against us, because our fathers have not obeyed the words of this book, to do according to all that is written concerning us. The prophetic word of 1 Kings 13:2, proclaimed against the apostasy of the northern kingdom at the time of the division, names King Josiah, three centuries into the future, as a figure who will bring to an end the sacrifices of the unauthorized northern kingdom altars. Thus the fulfillment of judgment is postponed for three hundred years. Theological Interpretation of the Old Testament, Location 1461 FBC Durham Bible For Life Page 9

10 iii. Passover reinstated, but the coming discipline is not averted 2 Kings 23:22 27 (ESV) 22 For no such Passover had been kept since the days of the judges who judged Israel, or during all the days of the kings of Israel or of the kings of Judah. 23 But in the eighteenth year of King Josiah this Passover was kept to the Lord in Jerusalem. 24 Moreover, Josiah put away the mediums and the necromancers and the household gods and the idols and all the abominations that were seen in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem, that he might establish the words of the law that were written in the book that Hilkiah the priest found in the house of the Lord. 25 Before him there was no king like him, who turned to the Lord with all his heart and with all his soul and with all his might, according to all the Law of Moses, nor did any like him arise after him. 26 Still the Lord did not turn from the burning of his great wrath, by which his anger was kindled against Judah, because of all the provocations with which Manasseh had provoked him. 27 And the Lord said, I will remove Judah also out of my sight, as I have removed Israel, and I will cast off this city that I have chosen, Jerusalem, and the house of which I said, My name shall be there. iv. The Babylonian takeover begins 2 Kings 24:11 13 (ESV) 11 And Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came to the city while his servants were besieging it, 12 and Jehoiachin the king of Judah gave himself up to the king of Babylon, himself and his mother and his servants and his officials and his palace officials. The king of Babylon took him prisoner in the eighth year of his reign 13 and carried off all the treasures of the house of the Lord and the treasures of the king s house, and cut in pieces all the vessels of gold in the temple of the Lord, which Solomon king of Israel had made, as the Lord had foretold. v. The sin of Judah becomes complete 2 Kings 24:20 (ESV) 20 For because of the anger of the Lord it came to the point in Jerusalem and Judah that he cast them out from his presence. And Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon. When Kings ends, Israel s history has been told from Abraham s era (c B.C.) to Jehoiachim s old age (c. 560 B.C.). Canonical theology has introduced and traced the implications of Abraham s promises, the Mosaic covenant and the stunning pledges made to David. God s uniqueness, Israel s calling as holy nation, Canaan s status as holy land and David s lineage s role as permanent rulers have all been firmly established. Sin has derailed the ongoing fulfillment of these themes, however, so sin remains the enemy it has been since Genesis 3. Faith, obedience and sacrifice combat sin, but a permanent solution has not yet emerged. Old Testament Theology, Pg. 271 FBC Durham Bible For Life Page 10

11 Takeaways from : God is displayed as the sovereign ruler of the universe by deciding who stays in the land for how long, who wins battles, who becomes King, and who will remove His people from the Promised Land. Kings shows us the natural inclinations of man s heart. We are drawn away to gods of our own making. These gods allow for man to live how he desires, but have no power to provide or save nations. In the end, man, without obedience to the one true God, will face destruction. Kings reveals one of the most virtuous pursuits that man should have, seeking after wisdom, and some of the most heinous acts man can commit in seasons of unbridled sin (e.g. cannibalism, child sacrifice, and utter betrayal of God). Kings teaches us that God does discipline and His discipline impacts not just individuals, but entire families and nations. Israel once took the land by storm through the blessing of God, but has it ripped from their hands ~900 years after God lead them out of the land of Egypt. Kings should lead a believer to repentance and obedience. The believer should examine his or her life intently to determine where syncretism (the mixing of idolatry and the worship of God) as taken root. We should never take for granted the blessings of God, and the high-calling of faithfulness to God and His Word. Seeking Christ in the Old Testament, like 1 & 2 Samuel, leaves the reader wanting for a righteous leader. Leader after leader leads God s people into sin, but the people need a King who will lead them into righteousness. Christ is the fulfillment of that need by saving His people out of the muck and mire of their sin and leading them faithfulness. Works Cited Archer, Gleason L. A Survey of Old Testament Introduction. Chicago: Moody, Bartholomew, Craig G., and Michael W. Goheen. The Drama of Scripture: Finding Our Place in the Biblical Story. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, Dever, Mark. The Message of the Old Testament: Promises Made. Wheaton, IL: Crossway, ESV Study Bible: English Standard Version. Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, Vanhoozer, Kevin J. Theological Interpretation of the Old Testament: a Book-by-Book Survey. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, Walton, John H. Chronological and Background Charts of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, FBC Durham Bible For Life Page 11

12 Appendix A Chronological and Background Charts of the Old Testament, Pg. 30 FBC Durham Bible For Life Page 12

13 Appendix B Chronological and Background Charts of the Old Testament, Pg. 31 FBC Durham Bible For Life Page 13

14 Appendix C Chronological and Background Charts of the Old Testament, Pg. 32 FBC Durham Bible For Life Page 14

15 Appendix D Chronological and Background Charts of the Old Testament, Pg. 33 FBC Durham Bible For Life Page 15