The Jewish Heritage of Polish Galicia

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1 Course Code: MK_25 Language of Instruction: English Course tutors: Prof. Jonathan Webber The Jewish Heritage of Polish Galicia Prof. Webber is a British social anthropologist with special expertise on European Judaism and European Jews. He taught for eighteen years at the University of Oxford, and then for eight years was the UNESCO Chair in Jewish and Interfaith Studies at the University of Birmingham (UK) before moving in 2011 to take up a professorship at the Institute of European Studies of the Jagiellonian University. Since 1988 Prof. Webber has been researching and documenting the rich history of Polish Jewish relations and the cultural heritage of Polish Jews. He is chairman of the Galicia Jewish Museum in Kazimierz and a member of the International Auschwitz Council advising, promoting and aiding the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in its various activities. He is author of Rediscovering Traces of Memory: The Jewish Heritage of Polish Galicia (Indiana University Press, 2009). Prof. Webber has been awarded the Gold Cross of Poland's Order of Merit for services to Polish Jewish dialogue. Description This is an introductory course. Its main purpose is to present students with the opportunity to assess alternative ways of approaching and describing the realities and representations of the post-holocaust legacy of the Jewish presence in Poland through an appreciation of Jewish religious and cultural achievements over many centuries (and how these are displayed in museums or otherwise treated as Jewish heritage ), through an understanding of the Holocaust as it unfolded in the region (and how it is commemorated, for example through monuments), and through a general examination of contemporary memory processes at work, by both Jews and non-jews. The focus will be on the area of former Galicia in southern Poland, and the course will include three study visits to three local synagogues, two local Jewish museums, and to one local Jewish cemetery. Type of course Additional/elective course for students following Central Eastern European Studies, Europeanization and Government in Central and Eastern Europe and EU specialization. MA level. Year of Studies: 1 or 2 Number of ECTS points 4.5 Prerequisites None

2 Intended Learning Outcomes By the end of the course students should: 1. have extended their knowledge about the Jewish contribution to the European cultural heritage and contemporary cultural life in Europe, as well as the functioning of the most important institutions in this field (K_W ); 2. have the ability to search, gather and interpret data and information based on relevant sources, and have the ability to evaluate the importance of sources (K_U01++); 3. be capable of critical analysis, evaluation and synthesis of new and complex ideas (K_U05++); and 4. have the ability to effectively work individually as well as interact and work in a group, performing different roles in it (K_K02+++). Course communication jonathanwebber2@gmail.com or jonathan.webber@uj.edu.pl Notices and announcements Via USOS and the CES office and online calendar. COURSE ORGANISATION Spring Semester Time and Place: will be posted by CES in the online calendar Course type: lectures and study trips Contact hours: 30h Breakdown of ECTS credits Participation in the classes: 30 hours Independent study of the topics of the lectures: 30 hours Preparation of the oral presentation: 16 hours Preparation of the written essay: 36,5 hours Total: 112,5 hours ECTS: 4,5 Didactic methods used lectures, leading classroom discussions, analysing photos of relevant places, three study trips, one student seminar Mode and criteria of assessment of learning outcomes K_W17.1 oral presentation, written essay, and participation in the student seminar K_U01 oral presentation, written essay, and participation in the student seminar K_U05 oral presentation, written essay, and participation in the student seminar K_K01 oral presentation, written essay, and participation in the student seminar

3 Assessment Note: (a) To qualify for assessment, attendance at the classes and study visits is obligatory. Students missing three or more lectures (or more than one double session or study visit) will need to meet with the course tutor with a clear proposal how they intend to make up for the missing classes. Missing 50% or more of the classes will result in failure of the course and the need to retake it the following year. (b) However, students who have completed the course tutor s Introduction to European Jewish Religion, Culture, and Society course are exempt from attending sessions 1, 2, and 3. (c) Prior confirmation with the course tutor of a student s intention to make an oral presentation at the student seminar in session 12 of the course, together with a provisional topic, will be required by session 9. Assessment consists of two parts: (1) End-of-course oral presentation at the student seminar in session 12 (valued at 30% of the final grade for the assessment): students, either on their own or in a group presentation of two people, should speak on a relevant topic of their choice for approx minutes, depending on the number of students in the course. A relevant topic for this purpose means something focused on some aspect of the Jewish heritage of Polish Galicia, although reference to wider issues of heritage or Jewish heritage generally is of course welcome. Marks will be based on three equally-ranked criteria: content (research, knowledge, and understanding of the chosen topic), quality of argument and style (i.e. communication skills), and participation in the end-of-course seminar discussion. (2) Written essay, prepared at home (valued at 70% of the final grade for the assessment): Imagine that you are the curator of a small new photographic exhibition in a local school in southern Poland on the subject of the contemporary Jewish heritage in Poland (not necessarily the Jewish heritage of the actual locality). Choose four present-day (not historical) photos taken at different Jewish heritage sites of your choice in or relating to somewhere in Polish Galicia they may be photos that have already been published (for example, in Rediscovering Traces of Memory or in the press), or they may be photos of your own or of a friend. You may include Holocaust sites if you wish, but if so they should not be more than two out of your four photos. You should write (a) captions (minimum 200 words, maximum 250 words each) for each of these photos; and (b) an essay of 3,000 words briefly introducing your choice of photos but concentrating on explaining your thinking and philosophy underlying the texts of your four captions (with reference to relevant literature as appropriate), and in particular explaining alternative ideas for caption texts that you have considered but rejected. Sources (and a bibliography) should be routinely provided as in any academic paper: the sources of your photos as well as bibliographic references for all factual material cited in your essay. Please note that a present-day photo means a photo taken at any time since 1989; proposals of historical photos (defined for this purpose as pre-war photos) will not be considered for assessment. COURSE STRUCTURE No. Title of the session Seminars Introduction: Who are the Jews? A very brief introduction to Jewish religion and culture relevant to the study of Jewish heritage (Part I) Introduction: Who are the Jews? A very brief introduction to Jewish religion and culture relevant to the study of Jewish heritage (Part II) Study visit to four synagogues in Kazimierz, Kraków Lecture, discussion Lecture, discussion Study visit 4. Exhibiting Jewish religion and culture in a Lecture, discussion

4 museum: (Part I) Exhibiting Jewish religion and culture in a Lecture, discussion 5. museum: (Part II) Study visit to two Jewish museums in Study visit 6. Kazimierz, Kraków Rediscovering the traces of memory of the Lecture, discussion 7. Jewish heritage of Polish Galicia (Part I) 8. Rediscovering the traces of memory of the Lecture, discussion Jewish heritage of Polish Galicia (Part II) 9. How is the Jewish past being remembered in Lecture, discussion Poland? (Part I) 10. How is the Jewish past being remembered in Lecture, discussion Poland? (Part II) 11. Study visit to the Miodowa Street cemetery Study visit in Kazimierz 12. Student seminar and discussion Seminar DETAILED COURSE STRUCTURE Session no. 1 & 2 Introduction: Who are the Jews? A very brief introduction to Jewish religion and culture relevant to the study of Jewish heritage (Part I & II). Lecture, Discussion A very brief introduction to Jewish religion and culture relevant to the study of Jewish heritage. *Jonathan Webber, Rediscovering Traces of Memory: The Jewish Heritage of Polish Galicia (Oxford: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, for the Galicia Jewish Museum, Kraków, 2009). * This is a key text-book for the whole course. De Lange, Nicholas, An Introduction to Judaism (Cambridge University Press, 2000). Dosick, Wayne, Living Judaism: The Complete Guide to Jewish Belief, Tradition, and Practice (Harper, 1995). Neusner, Jacob, An Introduction to Judaism (John Knox, 1991). Solomon, Norman, Judaism: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford University Press, 1996). Unterman, Alan, Jews: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices (Sussex Academic Press 1981, 1996). Wouk, Herman, This is my God: The Jewish Way of Life (1959 and later editions).

5 Session no. 3 Study visit to four synagogues in Kazimierz, Kraków. 3h Study visit The study trip will encompass the Rema in Szeroka Street, the Kupa and the Tempel in Miodowa Street, and (time permitting) the Izaaka in Kupa Street. The emphasis in this study visit will be on the nature of a synagogue (including its ritual features and its architecture), comparisons between the synagogues, and the differences between Orthodoxy and Progressive Judaism in the modern world (lectures at each place, with questions and discussion as appropriate). Krinsky, Carol Herselle, Synagogues of Europe: Architecture, History, Meaning (Cambridge, Mass.: Architectural History Foundation, 1985): on synagogues in Poland, pp ; on synagogue architecture in general, pp Kadish, Sharman, The Cathedral Synagogues of England, Jewish Historical Studies: Transactions of the Jewish Historical Society of England, vol. 39 (2004), pp Kozińska-Witt, Hanna, The Association of Progressive Jews in Kraków, , Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry, vol. 23 (2011), pp Loukomski, George K., Jewish Art in European Synagogues: From the Middle Ages to the Eighteenth Century (London: Hutchinson, 1947). Wischnitzer, Rachel, The Architecture of the European Synagogue (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1964). Session no. 4-5 Exhibiting Jewish religion and culture in a museum (Part I & II) Lecture, Discussion A very brief introduction to Jewish religion and culture relevant to the study of Jewish heritage. Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara, Destination Culture: Tourism, Museums, and Heritage (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998), pp on exhibiting Jews. Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara, Theater of History, in Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett and Antony Polonsky (eds),

6 Polin: 1000 Year History of Polish Jews (Warsaw: Museum of the History of the Polish Jews, 2014), pp Webber, Jonathan, Rediscovering Traces of Memory, pp , plus notes on pp * Note that the above are key readings for sessions 4-6. What should be shown, and what kind of descriptions should be provided? The problems and challenges for Jewish museums in present-day, post- Holocaust Poland. Clark, David, Developing Jewish Museums in Europe (London: Institute for Jewish Policy Research, 1999). Craddy, Kate, Jewish Museums, in Kate Craddy, Mike Levy, and Jakub Nowakowski (eds), Poland: A Jewish Matter (Warszawa: Adam Mickiewicz Institute, 2010), pp Długosz, Elżbieta, Hasidic Customs and their Traces in Museum Collections, in Elżbieta Długosz (ed.), Time of the Hasidim (exhibition catalogue), (transl. Małgorzata Walczak and Kris Nowicki), (Kraków: Muzeum Historyczne Miasta Krakówa and Katedra Judaistyki Uniwersitetu Jagiellońskiego, 2005), pp Duda, Eugeniusz, Anna Jodłowiec, and Faina Petriakowa, Treasures of the Galician Jewish Heritage: Jewish Collections from the Museum of Ethnography and Artistic Crafts in Lvov (Cracow: Muzeum Historyczne m. Krakówa, 1993). Gruber, Ruth Ellen, Virtually Jewish: Reinventing Jewish Culture in Europe (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002), pp on Jewish museums. Heimann-Jelinek, Felicitas, Thoughts on the Role of a European Jewish Museum in the 21 st Century, in Richard I. Cohen (ed.), Visualizing and Exhibiting Jewish Space and History (Studies in Contemporary Jewry, 26), (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012), pp Lebet-Minakowska, Anna, Judaica Collections at the National Museum in Kraków (transl. William Brand), Catalogue of the 14 th Jewish Culture Festival in Kraków (Kraków: Wydawnictwo Plus, 2004), pp Steinlauf, Michael, Notes on Galician Jews, Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry, vol. 23 (2011), pp * Note that the above are suggested readings for sessions 4-6.

7 Session no. 6 Study visit to two Jewish museums in Kazimierz 3h Study visit Study visit to two Jewish museums in Kazimierz: the Old Synagogue Museum and the Galicia Jewish Museum. The emphasis in this visit will be on the nature of a Jewish museum (including the different kinds of artefacts on display), a comparison between the two museums (including the different strategies regarding the captioning of the exhibits), and the differences between ritual artefacts and the possible representation of secular, modern Judaism (introductory lecture at each museum, followed by students directed research, and concluded with questions and discussion as appropriate). * See session 4-5 * See session 4-5 Session no. 7-8 Rediscovering the traces of memory of the Jewish heritage of Polish Galicia (Part I & II) Lecture, Discussion Murzyn, Monika A., Kazimierz: The Central European Experience of Urban Regeneration, (Kraków: International Cultural Centre, 2006). Webber, Jonathan, Rediscovering Traces of Memory, pp , plus notes on pp Bartal, Israel, and Antony Polonsky, Introduction: The Jews of Galicia under the Habsburgs, Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry, vol. 12 (1999), pp Bartosz, Adam, In the Footsteps of the Jews of Tarnów (transl.annamaria Orla-Bukowska and Hanoch Fenichel), (Tarnów: Muzeum Okręgowe w Tarnowie, 2007). Cała, Alina, The Shtetl: Cultural Evolution in Small Jewish Towns, Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry, vol. 17 (2004), pp Orla-Bukowska, Annamaria, Shtetl Communities: Another Image, Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry, vol. 8 (1994), pp Murzyn-Kupisz, Monika, and Jacek Purchla (eds.), Reclaiming Memory: Urban Regeneration in the Historic Jewish Quarters of Central European Cities

8 (Kraków: International Cultural Centre, 2009); chapters by Firestone, Gruber, Lustig, and Murzyn- Kupisz. Piechotka, Maria and Kazimierz, Jewish Districts in the Spatial Structure of Polish Towns, Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry, vol. 5 (1990), pp Session no. 9 & 10 How is the Jewish past being remembered in Poland? (Part I & II) Lecture, Discussion (a) Comparing memorialization before and after (b) Making sense of the Auschwitz site today (two lectures, with questions and discussion as appropriate). Webber, Jonathan, Jewish Kraków, Real and Imagined: Notes on the Sociology of Memory, in Michał Niezabitowski et al. (eds.), The Eagle Pharmacy: History and Memory (Kraków: Muzeum Historyczne Miasta Krakówa, 2013), pp Webber, Jonathan, Rediscovering Traces of Memory, pp , plus notes on pp Bergman, Eleonora, and Jan Jagielski, The Function of Synagogues in the PPR, 1988, Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry, vol. 5 (1990), pp Charlesworth, Andrew, The Topography of Genocide, in Dan Stone (ed.), The Historiography of the Holocaust (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), pp Gross, Natan, Mordechai Gebirtig: The Folk Song and the Cabaret Song, Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry, vol. 16 (2003), pp Gruber, Ruth Ellen, The Kraków Jewish Culture Festival, Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry, vol. 16 (2003), pp Gryta, Jan, The Politics of Remembrance in Kraków: The Holocaust Memorial Monuments, Plaques and Obelisks before 1989, in Michał Niezabitowski et al. (eds.), The Eagle Pharmacy: History and Memory (Kraków: Muzeum Historyczne Miasta Krakówa, 2013), pp Lennon, John, and Malcolm Foley, Dark Tourism (Andover: Cengage Learning EMEA, 2010). Young, James E., The Texture of Memory: Holocaust Memorials and Meaning (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1993), pp

9 Session no. 11 Study visit to the Miodowa Street cemetery in Kazimierz 3h Study visit The emphasis in this visit will be on the nature of a Jewish cemetery and comparisons between the different kinds of tombstones and their inscriptions to be found on this site (introductory lecture, followed by a guided visit through the cemetery, with the opportunity for students to undertake their own research as they wish, with questions and discussion as appropriate throughout). Krajewska, Monika, A Tribe of Stones: Jewish Cemeteries in Poland (Warsaw: Polish Scientific Publishers, 1993). Goberman, David, Carved Memories: Heritage in Stone from the Russian Jewish Pale (New York: Rizzoli, 2000): pp Gruber, Samuel, and Phyllis Myers, with Eleonora Bergman and Jan Jagielski, Survey of Historic Jewish Monuments in Poland: A Report to the United States Commission for the Preservation of America's Heritage Abroad, 2nd edn. ([n.p.]: Jewish Heritage Council, World Monuments Fund, 1995). Kadish, Sharman, Jewish Funerary Architecture in Britain and Ireland since 1656, Jewish Historical Studies [Transactions of the Jewish Historical Society of England], vol. 43 (2011), pp Nowakowski, Andrzej, Blowup: The New Jewish Cemetery in Kraków (Kraków: Towarzystwo Autorów i Wydawców Prac Naukowych Universitas, 2006). Session no. 12 Student seminar and discussion Seminar, Discussion The aim is to provide students with the opportunity to present their ideas.

10 a. Other material Additional publications on Jewish heritage in many different localities, as available. The following general internet sites have a lot of material: An extremely important reference work is Gershon David Hundert (ed.), The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008); available online at see, for example, entries for Hasidism, Shtetl. There are numerous articles by journalists on the subject available on the internet. b. Here is a list of other suggested (but not essential) introductory/background readings, though please note that this list is far from exhaustive: Bałaban, Majer, Przewodnik po żydowskich zabytkach Krakówa (Kraków: Stowarzyszenie Solidarność B nei B rith w Krakówie, 1935). Benisch, Pearl, Carry Me in your Heart: The Life and Legacy of Sarah Schenirer, Founder and Visionary of the Bais Yaakov Movement (Jerusalem and New York: Feldheim, 2003). Bergman, Eleonora, and Jan Jagielski, Zachowane synagogi i domy modlitwy w Polsce: Katalog (Warsaw: Żydowski Instytut Historyczny, 1996). Bujnowska, Anna, and Dorota Krakówska, Byliśmy / Once We Were [Polish English bilingual edition] (Tarnów: BWA w Tarnowie, 2014). Cohen, Richard I., Exhibiting History or History in a Showcase, Jewish History 12: 2 (1998), pp Duch, Marta, and Mateusz Dyngosz, Rich in Culture the Małopolska Region: Following the History and Culture of Jews in Małopolska (Kraków: Foundation Institute for Strategic Studies, 2009). Duda, Eugeniusz, The Jews of Cracow (trans. Ewa Basiura), (Kraków: Hagada and Argona- Jarden Jewish Bookshop, 1999). Dylewski, Adam, Where the Tailor was a Poet...: Polish Jews and their Culture. An Illustrated Guide (trans. Wojciech Graniczewski and Ramon Schindler), (Bielsko- Biała: Pascal, 2002); much of this material is also available on the internet. Gawron, Edyta et al. (eds.), Field Guide to Jewish Warsaw and Kraków (Warsaw: Taube Center for the Renewal of Jewish Life in Poland Foundation, 2012), pp Gebert, Konstanty, Jewish Identities in Poland: New, Old, and Imaginary, in Jonathan Webber (ed.), Jewish Identities in the New Europe (London: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 1994), pp Gruber, Ruth Ellen, Jewish Heritage Travel: A Guide to Eastern Europe (Washington, DC: National Geographic, 2007). Hoffman, Eva, Shtetl: The Life and Death of a Small Town and the World of Polish Jews (London: Secker & Warburg, 1998). Hońdo, Leszek, Stary Żydowski cmentarz w Krakówie: Historia cmentarza, analiza hebrajskich inskrypcji (Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 1999) Hebrajska epigrafika nagrobna w Polsce (Kraków: Universitas, 2014). Hubka, Thomas C., Resplendent Synagogue: Architecture and Worship in an Eighteenth-

11 Century Polish Community (Hanover, NH: Brandeis University Press, 2003). Katz, Steven T. (ed.), The Shtetl: New Evaluations (New York and London: New York University Press, 2007). Krajewski, Stanisław, Poland and the Jews: Reflections of a Polish Polish Jew (Kraków: Austeria, 2005). Lehrer, Erica T., Jewish Poland Revisited: Heritage Tourism in Unquiet Places (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2013). Meng, Michael, Shattered Spaces: Encountering Jewish Ruins in Postwar Germany and Poland (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2011). Pash, Rabbi Boaz, The Remuh Synagogue and the Old Cemetery Guide (transl. Tehilah van Luit), (Kraków: Wydawnictwo Hagada, 2008). Pióro, Anna, The Kraków Ghetto : A Guide to the Area of the Former Ghetto (Kraków: Muzeum Historyczne Miasta Krakówa, 2010). Polonsky, Antony (gen. ed.), Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry (27 vols., important relevant articles in vols. 5, 8, 12, 16, 17, 21, 23, and 24). Potocki, Andrzej, Śladami chasydzkich cadyków w Podkarpackiem (Rzeszów: Carpathia, 2008). Purchla, Jacek, and Aleksander Skotnicki (eds.), Świat przed katastrofą: Żydzi Krakówscy w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym / A World before a Catastrophe: Kraków s Jews between the Wars (Kraków: Międzynarodowe Centrum Kultury, 2007). Rejduch-Samkowa, Izabella, and Jan Samek (eds.), Katalog zabytków sztuki w Polsce, iv: Miasto Kraków, pt. 6: Kazimierz i Stradom, Judaica: Bóźnice, budowle publiczne i cmentarze (Warsaw: Instytut Sztuki Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 1995). Rosman, M. J., How Jewish Is Jewish History? (Oxford: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2007), esp. pp Spector, Shmuel (ed.), The Encyclopedia of Jewish Life before and during the Holocaust (3 vols.), (New York: New York University Press; Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2001). Waligórska, Magdalena, Klezmer s Afterlife: An Ethnography of the Jewish Music Revival in Poland and Germany (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013) The Framing of the Jew: Paradigms of Incorporation and Difference in the Jewish Heritage Revival in Poland, Jewish Cultural Studies 4 (ed. Simon J. Bronner), 2014, pp Wilczyk, Wojciech, Niewinne oko nie istnieje / There s No Such Thing as an Innocent Eye (Łódź and Kraków: Atlas Sztuki and Korporacja Halart, 2009) Wodziński, Marcin, Groby cadyków w Polsce: O chasydzkiej literaturze nagrobnej i jej kontekstach (Wrocław: Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Polonistyki Wrocławskiej, 1998). Zimmerman, Joshua D. (ed.), Contested Memories: Poles and Jews during the Holocaust and its Aftermath (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2003). Żyra, Krzysztof, Przedwojenny Krakówski Kazimierz: Najpiękniejsze fotografie (Kraków: Muzeum Historyczne Miasta Krakówa, 2014).