dj*a# hwhy hwhy um^v= Shaw University Divinity School OTS 501 Online Survey of the Old Testament Summer 2009 Online

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1 dj*a# hwhy hwhy um^v= Shaw University Divinity School OTS 501 Online Survey of the Old Testament Summer 2009 Online Instructor James P. Ashmore 105 Leonard Hall (919) Office Hours by appointment only Welcome! Shaw Divinity School students are committed, mature, engaged learners. You have chosen to serve Christ and the Church by preparing yourself spiritually and intellectually for ministry. This class will invite you to consider how God speaks to us through the Old Testament. Participation Courses at the graduate level always require considerable self-motivation and student initiative. Because this course will be taught, with no regular face-to-face meetings, it is essential to the success of the course that students discipline themselves to stay up to date on readings and assignments and communicate regularly with the instructor regarding any possible difficulties. Communicating regularly with the instructor and setting aside regular, adequate time to work on the reading and assignments is absolutely essential to successful completion of the class. OTS 501 Online Summer 2009 page 1 of 16

2 Divinity School Program Learning Outcomes MRE Program Mission The mission of the Master of Religious Education degree is to equip persons for competent leadership in Christian Education to serve congregational ministries and other religious institutions. This purpose is consistent with the mission of Shaw University Divinity School; the Master of Religious Education program focuses on leadership in the practice of ministry, particularly in the African American Church Mission Statements MDiv Program Mission The mission of the Master of Divinity degree is to prepare persons for ordained ministry, for chaplaincy, general pastoral and religious leadership responsibilities in congregations and other settings, and to prepare some students for admission to advanced programs oriented to theological research and teaching. The purpose is consistent with the mission of Shaw University Divinity School; the Master of Divinity program focuses on leadership in the practice of ministry, particularly in the African American church Program Goals MRE Program Goals MDiv Program Goals 1. to equip students with the capacity for 1. to provide students with an intellectual critical and constructive theological atmosphere and a comprehensive, reflection regarding the content and processes of educational ministry; discriminating understanding of our religious heritage; 2. to help students understand the 2. to enhance student training for educational, social, and behavioral sciences that undergird educational practice, as well as the cultural contexts in which educational ministry occurs; 3. to assist students with personal growth Christian ministry, mindful of global, and diverse cross cultural, and non- American Christianities, and with other faith traditions; 3. to support students' development in the and spiritual maturity; and personal and spiritual capacities 4. to provides skills in teaching and in necessary for pastoral and religious design, administration, and assessment leadership, advancing growth in of educational programming. personal faith, emotional maturity, moral integrity, and public witness; 4. to expand programmatic activities, services, and academic programming to enhance student capacity for ministerial and public leadership. OTS Fall 2008 page 2 of 16

3 Program Learning Outcomes MRE Program Learning Outcomes (PLOs) MDiv Program Learning Outcomes (PLOs) 1. Graduates will demonstrate a capacity to articulate an understanding of the scriptural, historical, and theological 1. Graduates will demonstrate a capacity to articulate an understanding of the scriptural, historical, and theological traditions of particular Christian traditions of particular Christian traditions and of the broader traditions and of the broader community of faith 2. Graduates will evaluate teaching and learning theories for the purpose of community of faith 2. Graduates will develop a consciousness about and a capacity to reflect critically developing a distinctly Christian on issues of diversity, globalization, philosophy of educating God s people; 3. Graduates will demonstrate a capacity for critical reflection on how their unique personalities, backgrounds, and gifts and abilities relate to the ministry of Christian education; 4. Graduates will demonstrate a capacity to design and to carry out a lesson plan necessary for effective educational and cross cultural concerns; 3. Graduates will demonstrate a capacity for critical reflection on how their unique personalities, backgrounds, and gifts and abilities relate to the role of the minister as leader, guide, and servant of the faith community; 4. Graduates will demonstrate a capacity to create programs and have a critical ministries voice in ministerial and public leadership Course Description The focus of this course is learning the content of all the books of the Old Testament. Students will take regular quizzes on the content of the books. Students will also be introduced to the history of ancient Israel and some of the critical methods employed in studying the text. Student Learning Outcomes (SLO) At the completion of this course, students will be able to: 1. list and spell correctly the books of the Old Testament in canonical order 2. identify the major structural elements, themes, and major critical issues in at least one Student Learning Outcomes Assessment of Student Learning Outcomes (Assessment Tools) Linkage to MDiv Program Learning Outcomes Final Exam 1 1 Quizzes and Reading Journal 1 1 Linkage to MRE Program Learning Outcomes OTS Fall 2008 page 3 of 16

4 Student Learning Outcomes (SLO) At the completion of this course, students will be able to: book from each division of the canon 3. identify the major geographical areas and features in ancient Afro-Asia and ancient Israel 4. describe at least two points of controversy in the history of ancient Israel, identify the scholarly perspectives on these issues 5. describe the differences between the Alexandrian and Palestinian canons 6. identify at least five dates in the history of ancient Israel 7. recall details of reading from each part of the assigned reading Assessment of Student Learning Outcomes (Assessment Tools) Geography and History Library Project Geography and History Library Project Quizzes and Final Exam Quizzes and Final Exam Linkage to MDiv Program Learning Outcomes Reading Journal 1 1 Linkage to MRE Program Learning Outcomes Texts and Blackboard Required Texts Achtemeier, Paul, Ed. HarperCollins Bible Dictionary. Rev. Ed. San Francisco: HarperCollins, LaSor, William, David Hubbard, and Frederick Bush. Old Testament Survey. 2 nd Ed. Minneapolis: Eerdmans, Pritchard, James B. HarperCollins Atlas of Bible History. San Francisco: HarperCollins, OTS Fall 2008 page 4 of 16

5 Society of Biblical Literature. HarperCollins Study Bible. Rev. Ed. San Francisco: HarperCollins, If this is your first course in Biblical Studies, then you should add the following book, and read it during the course of the semester: Brown, Michael Joseph. What They Don t Tell You: A Survivor s Guide to Biblical Studies. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, Please use a good study Bible in a modern translation for this class. In addition to the HarperCollins Study Bible, there are other good study Bibles available. In the NRSV, the New Interpreter s Study Bible and the New Oxford Annotated Bible are both good choices. In the NIV Zondervan s NIV Study Bible is the best choice. Do not use the Authorized Version (King James), New King James, New Living Translation, Contemporary English Version, Amplified Bible, or paraphrased Bible in this class. Blackboard This class will use Blackboard as the main platform. You can connect to the Blackboard site through the University s website Course Requirements Please Note! All assignments are due no later than 12 midnight Eastern time on the date(s) indicated below. Any assignment submitted after the deadline for any reason will have two points deducted from the final numerical grade for each day it is late. Even if, for some reason, you cannot submit the assignment by the deadline, please submit the assignment so that you will at least receive partial credit. M.Div./M.R.E. Assignments This course focuses on basic content, structure, and themes of the books of the Old Testament. Because this knowledge is foundational for both degrees, this course will not distinguish between the two degrees in assignments. Blackboard Assignment A Blackboard assignment will be due each segment, by 12:00 midnight (Eastern time), beginning May 16. On the following dates, a specific assignment will be posted: May 16 Biography and community building May 19 Genesis June 3 Images of God June 15 Prophecy On these dates, a specific assignment with detailed instructions will be posted in the Assignments area on Blackboard. Unless otherwise noted, the assignment will be due on the date above at midnight. Every segment other than those noted above, students will post a reading journal on the Discussion Board area of Blackboard. Each entry should consist of at least one page of text (typed, single-spaced) and will be available to the instructor and all the other students to read. At least one of these entries must be reactions to the assigned reading in the OTS Fall 2008 page 5 of 16

6 textbook (Old Testament Survey), and at least one entry must be on reading from one biblical book in each of the following groups: Pentateuch (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy) Former Prophets (Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings) Latter Prophets (Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, 12 Minor Prophets) Writings (Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Ecclesiastes, Lamentations, Ruth, Esther, Song of Solomon, Ezra, Nehemiah, Chronicles, Daniel) Students may structure the journal in a variety of ways. You can keep a record of the things you learn as you read, a record of your reaction to the material, a list of questions that arise in your mind as you read, or a record of what surprises you as you work through the reading. Students are discouraged from sermonizing or focusing exclusively on a single point, chapter, or verse. The grading rubric for Short Papers (at the end of the syllabus) will be used for grading the assignment. Students will be encouraged to read and to react to their colleagues postings. Due: May 22, 25, 28, 31, June 6, 12, 18, 21 Weight: 25% Quizzes There will be a total of four quizzes given, covering the material in the handouts, the reading in Old Testament Survey, and in the biblical books. For each quiz two chances will be given to take the quiz, and the highest grade will be accepted. The quizzes may be taken at any point during the session, but must be completed prior to June 22 Due: no later than June 22 Weight: 25% Geography and History Library Project Details of the assignment are given at the end of the syllabus. Students will answer questions about the geography of ancient Israel, and about the history of ancient Israel and ancient Afro-Asia. The assignment must be ed to the instructor by 12 midnight on June 6. The grading rubric for Short Papers (at the end of the syllabus) will be used for grading the assignment. Due: June 6 Weight: 20% Final Exam A comprehensive final exam will be given. The exam will be posted on Blackboard no later than June 16, and may be taken any time between when it is posted and June 23. There will be 2 ½ hours allowed to take the exam. Final Date: June 23 Weight: 30% Plagiarism/Honor Pledge All assignments are submitted with the following honor pledge implied. I affirm that the content of this assignment is my own work. Nothing in this work is copied from a textbook, other book or source, or another student except where OTS Fall 2008 page 6 of 16

7 permitted and properly documented. I understand that if I violate this affirmation I will receive a failing grade on this assignment and possibly in the class. The University Handbook states that repeated instances of plagiarism will result in suspension and/or expulsion from school. Date Seg. 1 May 14 Seg. 2 May 17 Seg. 3 May 20 Seg. 4 May 23 Class Schedule Topics Introduction, How We Got the Hebrew Bible, The Pentateuch Genesis, Exodus Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy History of Israel, Part 1, The Prophetic Student Learning Outcome Assigned Reading Mode of Instruction 2, 5 2 Genesis, Exodus Old Testament Survey (OTS), chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 HarperCollins Bible Dictionary () Genesis, Exodus, Texts- Versions- Manuscripts- Editions, canon 2 Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy 6, 7, 8 Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy 2, 4, 5 Joshua, Judges 9, 10, 11 Related Assignment Log onto Blackboard, complete preinstruction assessment, Biography and community building exercise Complete Genesis assignment Resources Practice Quiz 1 and How We Got the Hebrew Bible, and The Pentateuch Genesis, Exodus Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy History of Israel, Part 1, The Prophetic Assessment Tool Quiz 1, Blackboard assignment Quiz 1, Blackboard assignment Quiz 1 Quiz 2 OTS Fall 2008 page 7 of 16

8 Date Seg. 5 May 26 Seg. 6 May 29 Seg. 7 June 1 Seg. 8 June 4 Seg. 9 June 7 Topics Books, Joshua, Judges History of Israel, Part 2, Samuel, Kings Amos, Hosea, Micah Isaiah, Zephaniah, Nahum, Habakkuk Jeremiah, Ezekiel Obadiah, Joel, Jonah Student Learning Assigned Outcome Reading on Joshua, Judges, Israel, prophet 2, 4 Samuel, Kings 12, 13, 14, 15 Samuel, Kings, David, Solomon, Judah (Kingdom of), 2 Amos, Hosea, Micah 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 HCBC Amos, Hosea, Micah 2 Isaiah, Zephaniah, Nahum, Habakkuk 21, 22, 23 Isaiah, Zephaniah, Nahum, Habakkuk 2 Jeremiah, Ezekiel 24, 25 Jeremiah, Ezekiel 2 Obadiah, Joel, Jonah 26, 27 Obadiah, Joel, Jonah Mode of Instruction Related Assignment Complete Images of God assignment Geography and History Library Project Due June 6 Resources Books, Joshua, Judges History of Israel, Part 2, Samuel, Kings Amos, Hosea, Micah Isaiah, Zephaniah, Nahum, Habakkuk Jeremiah, Ezekiel Obadiah, Joel, Jonah Assessment Tool Quiz 2 Quiz 3 Quiz 3 Quiz 3 Quiz 3 OTS Fall 2008 page 8 of 16

9 Date Seg. 10 June 10 Seg. 11 June 13 Seg. 12 June 16 Seg. 13 June 19 Seg. 14 June 22 Topics Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi History of Israel, Part 3, The Writings, Psalms Wisdom Literature, Proverbs, Job Five Little Scrolls Chronicles, Ezra- Nehemiah, Daniel Student Learning Assigned Outcome Reading 2 Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi 28, 29, 30 Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi 2, 4, 5, 6 Psalms 31, 32 Psalms, Temple 2, 5 Proverbs, Job 33, 34, 35 Proverbs, Job, wisdom 2 Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, Ruth, Lamentations, Esther 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon, Ruth, Lamentations, Esther 2 Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Daniel 41, 42, 43 Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Mode of Instruction Related Assignment Complete Prophecy assignment Resources Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi History of Israel, Part 3, History of Israel Dates You Should Know, The Writings, Psalms Wisdom Literature, Proverbs, Job Handouts Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, Ruth, Lamentations, Esther Chronicles, Ezra- Nehemiah, Daniel Assessment Tool Quiz 3 Quiz 4 Quiz 4 Quiz 4 Quiz 4 OTS Fall 2008 page 9 of 16

10 Date June 23 Topics Student Learning Outcome Assigned Reading Daniel, apocalyptic Mode of Instruction Final Exam Due Related Assignment Resources Assessment Tool Evaluation This course will employ a 10 point scale: A B C D Below 60 F Please note: because this is a required course, students must make a C or better, or the course will have to be repeated. Incompletes An incomplete can only be given in extraordinary situations when there is a compelling reason why a student cannot complete the required work before the end of the semester. A student must request an incomplete, state a reason why she/he cannot complete the work, and sign an I-Grade Form before an incomplete can be granted. This must be done before the end of the session (June 23). Selected Bibliography Introductions Anderson, Bernhard W. Steven Bishop, and Judith Newman. Understanding the Old Testament. Fifth Edition. New York: Prentice Hall, The standard undergraduate textbook for Old Testament introduction. Excellent bibliographies, pictures, maps, resources, and index. A valuable addition to students libraries. Birch, Bruce, Walter Brueggemann, Terence Fretheim, and David Petersen. A Theological Introduction to the Old Testament. Second Edition. Nashville: Abingdon Press, A very good introduction to the theological themes and issues in the Old Testament. The material is arranged chronologically. Brueggemann, Walter. Introduction to the Old Testament: The Canon and Christian Imagination. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, An excellent introduction that focuses on the theology of each book of the Old Testament, arranged according to the Palestinian Canon. Highly recommended. Gottwald, The Hebrew Bible: A Socio-Literary Introduction. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, Thorough, with special attention to the cultural history and sociology of Israel. Knight, Douglas, and Gene M. Tucker, Eds. The Hebrew Bible and Its Modern Interpreters. Chico, California: Scholars Press, A very good, comprehensive examination of the history of scholarship on the Hebrew Bible. Even though it is over twenty years old now, it is one of the best summaries of critical scholarship available. OTS Fall 2008 page 10 of 16

11 History and Archaeology of Israel and Judah Bright, John. A History of Israel. Fourth Edition. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, Reflects the views of the American School of OT history. Mazar, Amihai. Archaeology of the Land of the Bible: 10, BCE. Anchor Bible Reference Library. New York: Doubleday, A very good, comprehensive examination of archaeological data. It looks at all aspects of material culture, and avoids the older tendency to look only at monuments and large-scale building. Miller, J. Maxwell, and John H. Hayes. A History of Ancient Israel and Judah. Philadelphia: Westminster, From the perspective of the German School, painstaking historical analysis of OT in light of ancient Near Eastern and archaeological research. Bible Dictionaries Freedman, D.N., Ed. The Anchor Bible Dictionary. New York: Doubleday, The most up-to-date and thorough dictionary available, although it is heavily weighted toward historical and archaeological issues. Buttrick, G.A. Ed. The Interpreter s Dictionary of the Bible. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1962; Supplementary Volume, Although now somewhat dated, it is full of useful information on almost any topic of biblical study. The Supplementary Volume provides updated key issues. A new version will come out starting in Freedman, D.N. Ed. Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans Publishing Co., A recent and thorough one-volume Bible dictionary. Ancient Near Eastern Texts Pritchard, James B. Ed. Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament. Third Edition. Princeton, Princeton University Press, The standard collection of the writings of Israel s neighbors. It is used so often that it is frequently simply abbreviated, ANET. Valuable in spite of the King James language of the translations. Pritchard, James B. Ed. The Ancient Near East in Pictures Relating to the Old Testament, Second Ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, This is a paperback, shorter version of ANET. It contains a wealth of objects and images from the ANE. Matthews, Victor H. and Don C. Benjamin, Jr. Eds. Old Testament Parallels: Laws and Stories from the Ancient Near East. New York: Paulist Press, More readable translations than Pritchard and the most affordable and useful collection for your personal library. Pentateuch Blenkinsopp, Joseph. The Pentateuch: An Introduction to the First Five Books of the Bible. Anchor Bible Reference Library. New York: Doubleday, An excellent introduction to the critical issues that have dominated scholarly debate for two hundred years. OTS 501 Fall 2007 Page 11 of 16

12 Fretheim, Terence. The Pentateuch. Interpreting Biblical Texts. Nashville: Abingdon, An excellent, readable introduction to the books of the Pentateuch that focuses on literary and theological issues. Former and Latter Prophets and Prophecy Blenkinsopp, Joseph. A History of Prophecy in Israel. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, A comprehensive survey of critical issues on prophecy and the prophetic books. Blenkinsopp focuses on the historical context of the prophets. Emmerson, Grace. Prophets and Poets. Nashville: Abingdon Press, A brief text oriented to a general audience that focuses on the theological issues in the prophetic books. Heschel, Abraham J. The Prophets. San Francisco: HarperCollins, An old resource, written by a Jewish scholar. However, Heschel s insights into the psychology of prophecy continues to be very influential. Nelson, Richard D. The Historical Books. Interpreting Biblical Texts. Nashville: Abingdon, A very good, brief, readable examination of the literary and theological issues raised by the Former Prophets along with Chronicles and Ezra- Nehemiah. Nelson also offers a helpful examination of the differences between these books and what we commonly refer to as history. Weems, Renita. Battered Love: Marriage, Sex, and Violence in the Hebrew Prophets. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, Although this is not a comprehensive examination of prophecy, it is an excellent examination of a specific theological issue in three prophetic books: Hosea, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel. Wilson, Robert R. Prophecy and Society in Ancient Israel. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, An attempt to distinguish Israel s prophets by their social settings, Wilson s study is very interesting, but only partly successful. The Writings and Wisdom Literature Clifford, Richard J. The Wisdom Literature. Interpreting Biblical Texts. Nashville: Abingdon, An excellent, brief introduction to the Wisdom books that focuses on theological issues. Cook, Stephen L. The Apocalyptic Literature. Interpreting Biblical Texts. Nashville: Abingdon, Although this contains a lot of material on inter-testamental and New Testament literature, Cook also offers a very helpful approach to reading Apocalyptic, including Daniel. Crenshaw, James L. Old Testament Wisdom. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, One of the best, most comprehensive studies of the Wisdom Literature, focusing on its relationship to Israel s faith and its ancient context. Rad, Gerhard von. Wisdom In Israel. Nashville: Abingdon Press, An older resource, but still very useful. Resources for non-eurocentric Interpretation Brown, Michael Joseph. Blackening of the Bible. Harrisburg, PA.: Trinity Press International, An excellent, comprehensive survey of the major scholars and issues in African American interpretation. Felder, Cain Hope. Troubling Biblical Waters. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, OTS 501 Fall 2007 Page 12 of 16

13 Stony The Road We Trod. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, These two books present an excellent overview of the issues and concerns in African American biblical interpretation. Ukpong, Justin. Reading the Bible in the Global Village. Leiden: E. J. Brill, A collection of essays from non-western biblical scholars given at a meeting in Cape Town, South Africa. The essays give a very good picture of issues in biblical interpretation from Asian and African perspectives. Bailey, Randall. Yet With a Steady Beat. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, A volume that continues the work begun in Stony the Road We Trod. Weems, Renita. Just A Sister Away. New York: Warner Books, An excellent example of Womanist biblical interpretation. OTS 501 Fall 2007 Page 13 of 16

14 Geography and History Library Project Resources This is a project that requires you to do some work in the library. Books are available in the Divinity School Library, and also at many college libraries and even some public libraries, that will be of use to you in this assignment. The following resources will be of significant help in completing this assignment. You can find the full bibliographic reference for the books in the bibliography in the syllabus. Textbooks: Old Testament Survey, esp. chapters 12, 13, 14, 15, 48, 49, and 50 HarperCollins Atlas of Bible History HarperCollins Bible Dictionary Other Texts: Anchor Bible Dictionary, esp. "Israel, History of," "King and Kingship," "Mesopotamia, History of," "Egypt, History of" John Bright, History of Israel, 4 th Edition Amihai Mazar, Archaeology of the Land of the Bible Oxford Bible Atlas (If you can't find Mazar, look for one of the following: Yohanan Aharoni, The Archaeology of the Land of Israel; W. F. Albright, The Archaeology of Palestine; or Kathleen Kenyon, Archeology in the Holy Land.) Handouts: History of Israel, Parts 1, 2, 3 Joshua Judges Each question should be no more than two pages, typed, double-spaced. Each question will count 20 points. Geography of ancient Israel and Afro Asia 1. What are the major geographical regions of ancient Israel (see OTS, ch. 48)? What are the characteristics of each of these regions? Who were the primary inhabitants of each region (i.e. Philistines, Israelites, Edomites, etc.)? Using the atlas and textbook, name at least three major cities in each of these regions. 2. What were the major powers in Afro-Asia during the period of Israel s existence as a nation (that is, from about 1250 BC to about 587 BC)? Where were they located in relationship to Israel? Which major rivers were associated with each of these powers? During what periods were each of these powers active? History of Ancient Israel 3. Why was the land of Israel a battleground among the major powers of Afro-Asia? What strategies did Israel, Judah, and the smaller states in the region employ to deal with the major powers? 4. Why is the settlement of Israel in the Land of Canaan a complicated matter as far as historians are concerned? What theories have been advanced to explain Israel s settlement in Canaan? 5. What factors led to the establishment of the monarchy under Saul? As the monarchy grew in power after David and Solomon under later kings, how did it affect Israel s social structure, economy, and faith? OTS 501 Fall 2007 Page 14 of 16

15 Grading Rubric Short Paper Criterion Excellent (5) Good (4) Acceptable (3) Marginal (2) Poor (1) Completeness all parts of question or assignment are addressed all parts are complete content is appropriate all parts of question or assignment are addressed one part is incomplete content is appropriate one part of question or assignment is omitted one part is incomplete content is mostly appropriate one part of question or assignment is omitted two parts are incomplete some content is inappropriate more than one part of question or assignment is omitted two or more parts are incomplete more than 25% of material is inappropriate Accuracy Quality of Writing all information is correct and accurate paper consistently engages sources, critiquing material cited no errors in spelling, grammar, or word choice format and length are appropriate 5% of material is incorrect or inaccurate paper engages sources, critiquing most of the material cited one error in spelling, grammar or word choice format and length are appropriate Items that will result in having a paper returned as unacceptable: 10% of material is incorrect or inaccurate paper engages sources, critiquing at least 50% of material cited two errors in spelling, grammar, or word choice format is appropriate and length does not deviate by more than 25% 25% of material is incorrect or inaccurate paper engages some sources and critiques some material cited three errors in spelling, grammar, or word choice format is appropriate and length does not deviate by more than 33% indications that material has been paraphrased, quoted, or copied from a source without proper attribution grammar, word choice, and spelling errors that are so pervasive the paper is difficult to read more than 25% of material is incorrect or inaccurate paper rarely engages sources more than three errors in spelling, grammar, or word choice format is inappropriate OR length deviates by more than 33% OTS 501 Fall 2007 Page 15 of 16