Tracing the Law !"#$$%&'( History of Fiqh and the Schools of Sunni Law. The source books of the Four Schools of Fiqh LAW P101

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1 Tracing the Law History of Fiqh and the Schools of Sunni Law The source books of the Four Schools of Fiqh!"#$$%&'(

2 Phase One: Collection the opinions of the founder of the school al-nawadir al-riwayah (rare narrations) Books of Fatwa. Dhahir al-riwayah (well know narrations) Six works complied by Muhammed ibn Hasan al-shaybani: Jami al-kabir; Jami al-shaghir; al-siyar al-kabir; al-siyar al-saghir; al-ziyadat; al-mabsut. Codification and commentary of Dhahir al-riwayah Phase two: Composition of summary texts for use in Seminaries Early summaries [ H] Mukhtasar al-tahawi of Abu Ja far ibn Muhammed al-tahawi [d.321] Mukhtasar al-karkhi of Abu al-hasan ʿUbaydillah al-karkhi [d.341] Mukhtasar al-quduri of Abu Bakr Muhammed ibn Ahmed al-quduri [d.428]!"#$$%&'(

3 Phase two: Composition of summary texts for use in Seminaries Later mukhtasar works [± H] Bidayat al-mubtadi by Burhan al-dīn ʿAli al-marghinani [d. 593] Improvement of al- Qaduri & Jami al-saghir Commentary - al-hidayah by al-marghinani Al-Wiqayah fi Masa il al-hidayah by Taj al-shari ah Mahbubi [d. 673] Summary of al- Hidayah Itself summarised into al-nuqayah al-mukhtar lil-fatwa by Abu al- Fadl Abdillah al-mawsuli [d. 683] Majma al- Bahrayn Ibn al- Sa ati [d. 694] Based on Mukhtasar al-quduri & The legal differences by Najm al-din al-nasafi al-kanz al-daqa iq by Abu al-barakat al- Nasafi [d. 710] Jami al-kabir, Jami al- Shaghir, Ziyadat & al- Qaduri, & legal differences by Najm al-din al-nasafi Fath al-qadir - Ibn Humam [d.761] al-binayah by al- Ayni [d.855].!"#$$%&'( Other Important Works Bada'i' al-sana i fi tartib al-shari i by Ala' al-din al-kasani [d. 587] Tanwir al-absar by Shams al-dīn al- Tumurtashi [d. 1004] al-fatawa al- Hindiyyah Nur al-idah, al- Maraqi al Sa adat- Maraqi al-falah By al-shurunbulali [d. 1069] al-durr al-mukhtar, Commentary by al-haskafi al-radd al-muhtar. Hashiyah of Mohammed Amin Ibn Abidin [d.1252] Hashiyah al-tahtawi Ahmed ibn Muhammed al-tahtawi [d.1231] Hashiyah al-tahtawi Ahmed ibn Muhammed al-tahtawi [d.1231]

4 Phase One: Collection the opinions of the founder of the school al-nawadir al-riwayah (rare narrations) Dhahir al-riwayah (well know narrations) six works complied by Muhammed ibn Hasan al-shaybani: Jami al-kabir; Jami al-shaghir; al-siyar al-kabir; al-siyar al-saghir; al-ziyadat; al-mabsut. Codification and commentary of Dhahir al-riwayah Books of Fatwa. Phase two: Composition of summary texts for use in Seminaries Early summaries [ H] Mukhtasar al-tahawi of Abu Ja far ibn Muhammed al-tahawi [d.321] Mukhtasar al-karkhi of Abu al-hasan ʿUbaydillah al-karkhi [d.341] Mukhtasar al-quduri of Abu Bakr Muhammed ibn Ahmed al-quduri [d.428] Later mukhtasar works [± H] Bidayat al-mubtadi by Burhan al-dīn ʿAli ibn Abi Bakr al-marghinani [d. 593] Improvemnt of al-qaduri + Jami al-saghir Commentary - al-hidayah by al-marghinani Al-Wiqayah al-riwayah fi Masa il al-hidayah by Taj al- Shari ah ibn Ubaydillah [or Ahmed] al-mahbubi [d. 673] Summary of al-hidayah Itself summarised into al-nuqayah al-mukhtar lil-fatwa by Abu al-fadl Abdillah al-mawsuli [d. 683] Majma al-bahrayn Ibn al- Sa ati [d. 694] Based on Mukhtasar al-quduri & The legal differences by Najm al-din al-nasafi al-kanz al-daqa iq by Abu al- Barakat Ahmad al-nasafi [d. 710] Jami al-kabir, Jami al-shaghir, Ziyadat & al-qaduri, & legal differences by Najm al-din al-nasafi Fath al-qadir - Ibn Humam [d.761] al-binayah al- Ayni [d.855]. Other Important Works Bada'i' al-sana i fi tartib al- Shari i by Ala' al-din al- Kasani [d. 587] Tanwir al-absar by Shams al-dīn al-tumurtashi [d. 1004] al-fatawa al- Hindiyyah Work on Ibadat Nur al-idah, al-shurunbulali [d. 1069] al-durr al-mukhtar, Commentary by al-haskafi Maraqi al Sa adat al-shurunbulali [d. 1069] Maraqi al-falah al-shurunbulali [d. 1069] al-radd al-muhtar. Hashiyah of Mohammed Amin Ibn Abidin [d.1252] Hashiyah al-tahtawi Ahmed ibn Muhammed al-tahtawi [d.1231] Hashiyah al-tahtawi Ahmed ibn Muhammed al-tahtawi [d.1231]

5 The Maliki school The four source books of the Maliki school al-mudawanah al-asadiyyah al-wadiha al- Utbiyyah. Imam Malik Imam Malik Imam Malik Imam Malik Abd al-rahman ibn al- Qasim [d.191] Abd al-rahman ibn al-qasim Abd al-rahman ibn al- Qasim and others Ibn al-qasim, Ibn Nafi, Ash hab, Yahya ibn Yahya & Sahnun, by Sahnun ibn Sa id. [d. 240] by Qadi Asad ibn Furat [d.213] by the Abd al-malik Ibn Habib. [d. 238] By Muhammed al- Utbi [d. 255]. The work of Imam Malik, his student Ibn al-qasim, as well as his student Sahnun through the refinement of the work of Asad ibn Furat. This was the initial main compendium of Malik s legal edicts and was studied by the jurists of a-qayrawan. Eventually replaced by the Mudawanah Became the main Maliki source text for the school in Andalusia. Containing the narrations of it came to replace al-wadiha in Andalusia. The summary and amalgamation of the four source books. al-nawadir. By Abu Zayd al-qayrawani [d H]

6 The Maliki school The summary and amalgamation of the four source books. al-mudawanah. al-asadiyyah. al-wadiha. al- Utbiyyah. al-nawadir. By Abu Zayd al-qayrawani [d H] Jami al-ummahat By Ibn Hajib. [d. 646 H] The final summary and editing of the work of Abu Zayd. Khalil ibn Ishaq [d.776] Commentated on Jami al-ummahat - al-tawdih Summarised Jami al-ummahat - al-mukhtasir Khalil Summarised al-mukhtasir Khalil in Sharh al-saghir. Commented on by: -Muhammed al-hattab, -al-ajhuri (three commentaries), -Abdal-Baqi al-zurqani, -al-ulaysh -al-amir. al-dardir [d.1201] Sharh al-kabir Commented on his own book in Aqrab al-masalik, Hashiyyah of al-dasuqi [d.1230]

7 The Shafi i school Four books of Imam al-shaf i. Kitab al-umm; Kitab al-imla a; al-buwayti; Mukhtasar al-muzani The Shafi i School: Khurasan & Baghdad 1.1 Khurasan - Generations of scholars 8 th generation Imam al-haramyn al-juwayni. Nihayat al-matalib Abu Ishaq al-mirwazi 1.2 Baghdad - Generations of scholars 6 th generation Abu Ishaq al-shirazi. al-muhadhab Imam al-ghazali Kitab al-majmu al-nawawi al-basit al-wasit al-wajiz al-khulasah

8 The Shafi i school Imam al-ghazali al-basit al-wasit al-wajiz al-khulasah Abu Qasim al-rafi i (d. 623) al-aziz, Imam al-ramli al-muharrir al-nawawi al-rawdah al-talibin al-nawawi al-minhaj. Muhammed al-ramli (Nihayah al-muhtaj) Ibn Hajr al-haytami (Tuhfah al-muhtaj)

9 The Shafi i school Four books of Imam al-shaf i. Kitab al-umm; Kitab al-imla a; al-buwayti; Mukhtasar al-muzani The Shafi i School: Khurasan & Baghdad 1.1 Khurasan - Generations of scholars 8 th generation Imam al-haramyn al-juwayni. Nihayat al-matalib 1.2 Baghdad - Generations of scholars 6 th generation Abu Ishaq al-shirazi. al-muhadhab Imam al-ghazali Kitab al-majmu al-nawawi al-wajiz al-basit al-wasit al-khulasah Imam al-ramli: al-muharrir Abu Qasim al-rafi i al-aziz, al-nawawi: al-minhaj. al-nawawi al-rawdah al-talibin Muhammed al-ramli (Nihayah al-muhtaj) Ibn Hajr al-haytami (Tuhfah al-muhtaj)

10 The Hanbali school Collecting and codifying the Hanbali school Stage one Ahmed ibn Muhammed al-khallal [d.321] al-jami li Ulum Ahmed ibn Hanbal Stage Two: Abu Qasim al-khiraqi al-baghdadi [d.334] Mukhtasar al-khiraqi ±300 commentaries Stage Three: Creation of a graded series of text: The efforts of Ibn Qudama al-maqdisi [d.620] Al-Umdah Al-Muqni Al-Kafi al-mughni

11 The Hanbali school Stage Three: Creation of a graded series of text: The efforts of Ibn Qudama al-maqdisi [d.620] Al-Umdah Al-Muqni Al-Kafi Commentary Baha al-din al-maqdasi [d.624] al-uddah Sharh al-umdah. al-mughni (& al-muharrar & al-furu ) Al- Iqna - al-hajawi [d.968] Summary Commentary Kashaf al-qina al-buhuti [d.1051] Zad al-mustaqni al-hajawi al-damishqi [d.968] Muntaha al-iradat Ibn Najjar al-fatuhi. al-sharh al-kabir Abd al-rahman bin Qudamah Sharh Muntaha al-iradat al-maqdisi Mansur ibn Yunus al-buhuti [d.1051] [d.672] Commentary Al-Insaf fi Marifa al-rajih min al-khilaf. Ali bin Sulayman al-mardawi [d.885]

12 The Hanbali school al-jami li Ulum Ahmed ibn Hanbal Mukhtasar al-khiraqi Al-Umdah Al-Muqni Al-Kafi Commentary Baha al-din al-maqdasi [d.624] al-uddah Sharh al-umdah. al-mughni (& al-muharrar & al-furu ) Al- Iqna - al-hajawi [d.968] Summary Commentary Kashaf al-qina al-buhuti [d.1051] Zad al-mustaqni al-hajawi al-damishqi [d.968] Muntaha al-iradat Ibn Najjar al-fatuhi. al-sharh al-kabir Abd al-rahman bin Qudamah Sharh Muntaha al-iradat al-maqdisi Mansur ibn Yunus al-buhuti [d.1051] [d.672] Commentary Al-Insaf fi Marifa al-rajih min al-khilaf. Ali bin Sulayman al-mardawi [d.885]

THE RELEVANCE OF JOINT CONTRIBUTION OF CAPITAL TO THE FORMATION OF PARTNERSHIP IN ISLAMIC COMMERCIAL LAW: AN ANALYSIS

THE RELEVANCE OF JOINT CONTRIBUTION OF CAPITAL TO THE FORMATION OF PARTNERSHIP IN ISLAMIC COMMERCIAL LAW: AN ANALYSIS Muhammad Abdurrahman Sadique, PhD Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah of Laws International Islamic