HE IS ABƒ ABDULL H Mu^ammad ibn Ism Ïl ibn Ibr hïm ibn al-

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1 \ Al-J mi a -ßa^Ï^ by al-bukh rï HIS LINEAGE HE IS ABƒ ABDULL H Mu^ammad ibn Ism Ïl ibn Ibr hïm ibn al- MughÏrah ibn Bardizba (a Bukharan word meaning farmer ), al- Bukh rï, al-ju fï by clientage. His grandfather, al-mughïrah, became Muslim at the hands of al-yam n al-ju fï, and so he is ascribed to him. HIS BIRTH He was born after the Jumu ah prayer on th Shaww l 9. He had a thin body, and was neither tall nor short. Mu^ammad ibn Ism Ïl lost his sight when a child. His mother saw Ibr hïm al- KhalÏl in a dream and he told her, You! Allah has restored sight to your son because of your great amount of weeping (or great amount of supplication). In the morning Allah had restored his sight. THE BEGINNING OF HIS AFFAIR He was inspired to memorise hadith when he was ten years old studying in the kutt b. When he left the kutt b, he began to frequent ad-d khilï and others. One day when ad-d khilï was reading to people, he said, Sufy n from Ab z-zubayr from Ibr hïm. Al-Bukh rï said to him, Ab z-zubayr did not see Ibr hïm, and ad-d khilï chided him. Al-Bukh rï told him, Consult the source. He went in and looked at it and then came out and said, So how is Im m adh-dhahabï, Siyar a l m an-nubal, :9. See Ibn Khallik n, Wafay t al-a y n, :90. See Ibn Khallik n, Wafay t al-a y n, :90. Im m adh-dhahabï, Siyar a l m an-nubal, :9, T j ad-dïn as-subkï, >abaq t ash-sh fi Ïyyah, :6, >abaq t al-±an bilah, :7, and Ibn ±ajar, preface to Fat^ al-b rï, 78. 7

2 The Six Primary Sources it, boy? Al-Bukh rï said, It is az-zubayr ibn AdÏ from Ibr hïm. He took the pen from him and corrected his book and said, You have spoken the truth. Al-Bukh rï was eleven when he refuted ad-d khilï. When he was sixteen, he memorised the books of Ibn al-mub rak and WakÏ. Then he travelled with his mother and his brother A^mad to Makkah. When they went on ±ajj, his brother returned with her and al-bukh rï remained seeking hadith. WRITING When he was 8, he wrote Qa\ y a - a^ bah wa t-t bi Ïn wa aq wïlihim. 5 He wrote Kit b at-t rïkh at the grave of the Messenger of during the moonlit nights. 6 Al-Bukh rï said. The least name in history has a story, but I dislike to make the book long. 7 ± shid ibn Ism Ïl 8 said: Al-Bukh rï used to go with us to listen [to ^adïth] when he was a lad. He did not write things down for days. We used to say to him, You go with us but do not write. What do you do? He said to us after sixteen days, You have spoken to me a lot. Present what you have written to me. We brought out for him what we had and he added 5,000 more hadith. He recited all of them by heart so much so that we began to correct our books from his memory. Then he said, Do you think that I attend for nothing and waste my days? So we knew that no one was ahead of him. 9 Im m adh-dhahabï, Siyar a l m an-nubal, :9 and Ibn ±ajar, preface to Fat^ al-b rï, 79. WakÏ ibn al-jarr ^ ibn MalÏ^, the Im m and firm ± fi, the hadith scholar of Iraq, Ab Sufy n ar-raw sï al-k fï. He was born in 9. He listened to Hish m ibn Urwah, Ibn Awn, Ibn Jurayj and others. Ibn al-mub rak, A^mad, Ibn al-madïnï and others related from him. He fasted all the time and recited the entire Qur n every night. Ibn Ma Ïn said, In his time, WakÏ was like al-awz Ï was in his time. Ahmad said, I did not see anyone who knew more knowledge nor memorised more than WakÏ. He gave fatw according to the position of Ab ±anïfah. He died in 97 on the day of sh r. See Im m adh-dhahabï, Tadhkirat al-^uff, :80-8. Im m adh-dhahabï, Siyar a l m an-nubal, :9. Al-Kha~Ïb, History of Baghdad :7, and Im m adh-dhahabï, Siyar a l m an-nubal, :9. 5 Al-Kha~Ïb, History of Baghdad, :7, and Im m adh-dhahabï, Tadhkirat al-^uff, :5 and Siyar a l m an-nubal, :00. 6 Al-Kha~Ïb, History of Baghdad, :7, and Im m adh-dhahabï, Siyar a l m an-nubal, :00, T j ad-dïn as-subkï, >abaq t ash-sh fi Ïyyah, :6, and Ibn ±ajar, preface to al-fat^, Al-Kha~Ïb, History of Baghdad, :7, and Im m adh-dhahabï, Tadhkirat al-^uff, :5 and Siyar a l m an-nubal, :00. 8 ± shid ibn Ism Ïl ibn s al-bukh rï al-ghazz l, the hadith scholar of ash-sh sh, one of the im ms in traditions. He listened to Abdull h ibn M s and MakkÏ ibn Ibr hïm. He undertook extensive journeys. Mu^ammad ibn Y suf al-farbarï related from him. He died in 6. See Im m adh-dhahabï, Tadhkirat al-^uff, :, al- Ibar, : and as-suy ~Ï, >abaq t al-^uff,. 9 Al-Kha~Ïb, History of Baghdad, :, Im m adh-dhahabï, Tadhkirat al-^uff, :5 and Siyar a l m an-nubal, :08, T j ad-dïn as-subkï, >abaq t ash-sh fi Ïyyah, :7, Ibn ±ajar, preface to al-fat^, 79, and >abaq t al-±an bilah, :

3 The Garden of the Hadith Scholars HIS COMPOSING HIS COLLECTION, AL-J MI While he was with Is^ q ibn R hwayh, one of his companions said to him, You should compile a succinct book of the sunan of the That had an affect on al-bukh rï s heart, and so he began to compile the ßa^Ï^. He selected it from the best of 600,000 hadith. He only put sound hadith in his book, but he left out some sound hadith in order to avoid making the book too long. He did not put any hadith into his book, a -ßa^Ï^, unless he had first performed a ghusl and prayed two rak ats. He composed the ßa^Ï^ over sixteen years. 5 The biographies of the collectors were composed between the grave of the Messenger of and his minbar. Al-Bukh rï used to pray two rak ats for each biography. 6 A thousand men listened to the ßa^Ï^ from him, the last being the transmission The great Im m, the Shaykh of the east, master of the ±uff, Ab Ya q b Is^ q ibn R hwayh ibn Mukhallad al-±an alï al-marwazï, who lived in Nishapur. He was born in 6. He listened to Ibn al-mub rak. No one was more advanced in transmission than him because of the fact that he was one of the beginners and none was older in transmission than him. He listened to Mu tamir ibn Sulaym n, Abd al- AzÏz ad-dar wardï, JarÏr ibn Abd al-±amïd, Sufy n ibn Uyaynah, Abdull h ibn Wahb, Mu^ammad ibn Ja far Ghandar, al-walïd ibn Muslim, WakÏ ibn al-jarr ^, Ya^y ibn Sa Ïd al-qa~~ n, Abd ar-ra^m n ibn MahdÏ and Abd ar-razz q. A^mad ibn ±anbal, Ya^y ibn Ma Ïn, Mu^ammad ibn Ism Ïl al-bukh rï, Muslim ibn al-±ajj j, Ab D w d, an-nas Ï, D w d ibn AlÏ a -Z hirï and Ja far al-firy bï related from him. Al-± kim said, Is^ q ibn R hwayh was the im m of his age in memory and fatw. Nu aym ibn ±amm d said, When you see a Khorasani talking [critically] about Is^ q ibn R hwayh, suspect him in this world. A^mad ibn ±anbal said, The like of Is^ q has not crossed over the bridge to Khorasan, even though he disagrees with us about some things. People continue to disagree with one another. Qutaybah ibn Sa Ïd said, The ^uff in Khorasan are Is^ q ibn R hwayh, then Abdull h ad- D rimï, then Mu^ammad ibn Ism Ïl. Adh-DhahabÏ said, In addition to his mastery of hadith, he was an im m in tafsïr, a leader in fiqh, and one of the im ms of ijtih d. He died on 5th Sha b n 8. See Im m adh-dhahabï, Siyar a l m an-nubal, :58-7, Ibn AbÏ ± tim, al-jar^ wa t-ta dïl, :09-0, Ab Nu aym, ±ilyat al-awliy, 9:, al-kha~ïb, History of Baghdad, 6:5-55, Ibn Khallik n, Wafay t al-a y n, :99-0, Ibn ±ajar, TahdhÏb at-tahdhïb, :6-9, and Ibn al- Im d, Shadhar t adh-dhahab, :9. Al-Kha~Ïb, History of Baghdad, :9, Im m adh-dhahabï, Siyar a l m an-nubal, :0-0, and T j ad-dïn as-subkï, >abaq t ash-sh fi Ïyyah, :. Al-Kha~Ïb, History of Baghdad, :9, Im m adh-dhahabï, Siyar a l m an-nubal, :0, T j ad-dïn as-subkï, >abaq at ash-sh fi Ïyyah, :, and Ibn ±ajar, preface to al-fat^, 90. Al-Kha~Ïb, History of Baghdad, :9, Ibn Khallik n, Wafay t al-a y n, :90, Im m adh-dhahabï, Siyar a l m an-nubal, :0, T j ad-dïn as-subkï, >abaq t ash-sh fi Ïyyah, :, Ibn ±ajar, preface to al-fat^, 90, and >abaq t al-±an bilah, :7. 5 Al-Kha~Ïb, History of Baghdad, :, Im m adh-dhahabï, Siyar a l m an-nubal, :05, T j ad- DÏn as-subkï, >abaq t ash-sh fi Ïyyah, :, and Ibn ±ajar, preface to al-fat^, Im m adh-dhahabï, Siyar a l m an-nubal, :0, and Ibn ±ajar, preface to al-fat^,

4 The Six Primary Sources of al-firabrï, and the transmission spread from him. Al-Bukh rï said, I hope that I will meet Allah without Him calling me to account for slandering anyone. This is great scrupulousness and extraordinary integrity. HIS TRIAL He endured a trial, as is the custom with right-acting men. AmÏr Kh lid ibn A^mad adh-dhuhlï, the governor of Bukhara, sent a message to Mu^ammad ibn Ism Ïl instructing him to read al-j mi, the History and other books to his children. He told Kh lid s messenger, I will not abase knowledge nor carry it to people s doors. If you have need of something from me, then send them to me. The governor sent a message that he should hold a gathering for his sons which no one else would attend, but Mu^ammad ibn Ism Ïl refused, stating, I will not single out anyone. So the AmÏr sought the help of ±urayth ibn Abi l-warr q and others until they spoke against his [al-bukh rï s] position and they expelled him from the town. He made supplication against them and not a month had passed until the command of the > hirids was overturned by the cry being raised against Kh lid in the town. He was denounced while paraded on an ass. As for ±urayth, he suffered trials in his family and experienced in that what is too terrible to describe. Another person suffered trials in his children and Allah made him experience afflictions in them. 5 The reliable hadith scholar, Ab Abdull h Mu^ammad ibn Y suf ibn Ma~ar al-firabrï, the transmitter of the ßa^Ï^ collection from Ab Abdull h al-bukh rï. He heard it from him two times at Firabr. He also listened to AlÏ ibn Khashram when he came to Firabr as a mur bit. He was born in. ± fiz Ab AlÏ ibn as-sakan, Abu l-haytham al- KushmayhanÏ, Ab Mu^ammad ibn ±ammawayh as-sarakhsï, and Ab Is^ q Ibr hïm ibn A^mad al-mustamlï related from him. It is related, although it is not sound, that al-firabrï said, 70,000 men heard the ßa^Ï^ from al-bukh rï. None of those who related it remains apart from me. Adh-DhahabÏ said, After al- FirabrÏ, Ab >al^ah Man r ibn Mu^ammad al-bazdawï an-nasafï related it. He lived until 9. Al-FirabrÏ died on 0th Shaww l close to the age of 90. See Im m adh-dhahabï, Siyar a l m an-nubal, 5:0-, Ibn Khallik n, Wafay t al-a y n, :90, and Ibn al- Im d, Shadhar t adh-dhahab, :8. Al-Kha~Ïb, History of Baghdad, :, Im m adh-dhahabï, Siyar a l m an-nubal, :98, Ibn Khallik n, Wafay t al-a y n, ;90, Ibn ±ajar, preface to al-fat^, 9, and >abaq t al-±an bilah, :7. Al-Kha~Ïb, History of Baghdad, :, Im m adh-dhahabï, Siyar a l m an-nubal, :9, T j ad- DÏn as-subkï, >abaq t ash-sh fi Ïyyah, :, Ibn ±ajar, preface to al-fat^, 9, and >abaq t al- ±an bilah,, :76. He is Kh lid ibn A^mad the AmÏr, Abu l-haytham adh-dhuhlï, the ruler of Transoxiana. He did praiseworthy things in Bukhara. He honoured hadith scholars there and gave generously to them. He asked al-bukh rï to relate the ßa^Ï^ Collection in his castle so that his sons could hear it, but he refused. The AmÏr was pained by this and expelled him from Bukhara. Then the governor of Ya q b the Saffarid was appointed and rebelled against the > hirids. Kh lid went on ±ajj in 67 and was seized and imprisoned in Baghdad where he remained until he died. He related from Ibn R hwayh, Ubaydull h al-qaw rïrï and many scholars. Sahl ibn Sh dhawayh, Ibn AbÏ ± tim and Ibn Uqbah related from him. He used to walk when seeking knowledge and not ride. He spent,000,000 dirhams on that. He died in 70. See Im m adh-dhahabï, Siyar a l m an-nubal, :7, Ibn AbÏ ± tim, al-jar^ wa t-ta dïl, :, and History of Baghdad, 8:-5. 5 Al-Kha~Ïb, History of Baghdad, :-, Im m adh-dhahabï, Siyar a l m an-nubal, :65. T j 77

5 \ The Musnad of the Greatest Im m Ab ±anïfah & THE CHIEF Q \Ï Abu l-mu ayyad Mu^ammad ibn Ma^m d ibn Mu^ammad al-khwar zmï collected and arranged this Musnad. In it he collected the Musnad collections of the Greatest Im m with which previous scholars were concerned and he claimed that he did not omit any of the transmissions of Ab ±anïfah. Before him, there were a number of Musnads containing the transmissions of Ab ±anïfah which were in common use among people. In the preface to his Musnad he mentioned the names It is entitled J mi mas nïd al-im m al-a am. Ab ±anïfah, the Greatest Im m and the faqïh of Iraq, an-nu m n ibn Th bit ibn Z ~ at- TaymÏ by clientage, al-k fï. He was born in 80. He saw Anas ibn M lik more than once when he came to visit them in Kufa. He related from A~, N fi, Qat dah, Amr ibn DÏn r and a great number of scholars. Zufar ibn al-hudhayl, D w d a~-> Ï, Q \Ï Ab Y suf, Mu^ammad ibn al-±asan and al-±asan ibn Ziy d al-lu lu Ï learned fiqh from him. He was a scrupulous im m, excellent scholar, and a man of worship of great importance. He refused to accept the stipends of the Sultan. He engaged in commerce and earned his living. YazÏd ibn H r n was asked, Who had more fiqh: ath-thawrï or Ab ±anïfah? Ab ±anïfah had more fiqh and Sufy n memorised more hadith, he answered. Ibn al-mub rak said, Ab ±anïfah had the greatest knowledge of fiqh among people. Ash-Sh fi Ï said, In fiqh, people are in need of Ab ±anïfah. YazÏd said, I have not seen anyone more scrupulous or intelligent than Ab ±anïfah. YazÏd ibn Amr ibn Hubayra beat him in order to force him to accept the office of q \Ï, but he still refused to become a q \Ï. Ab D w d said, Ab ±anïfah was an im m. He died in Rajab 50. Im m adh-dhahabï, Tadhkirat al-^uff, :5-5. Mu^ammad ibn Ma^m d ibn Mu^ammad ibn al-±asan, the Im m, Abu l-mu ayyad al- Khwar zmï al-kha~ïb. He was born in 60. He studied fiqh with Im m Najm ad-dïn > hir ibn Mu^ammad al-ju fï. He was appointed Q \Ï of Khwarazm. He came to Baghdad on his way to perform ±ajj and then went on ±ajj and returned by way of Egypt. He went to Damascus and related hadith. Then he returned to Baghdad and studied there until he died in 655 &. The hadith scholar Abd al-q dir ibn Abi l-waf al-±anafï, al-jaw hir al-mu\ï ah fï ~abaq t al- ±anafiyyah, :. 6

6 The Garden of the Hadith Scholars and authors of these Musnads and his lines of transmission from them. The most famous of them are the two Musnads that are still in common use until today, which are:. The Musnad of the ± fi of hadith, Mu^ammad ibn Ya q b al-± rithï.. The Musnad of the ± fiz of his time, al-±usayn ibn Mu^ammad ibn Khusraw &. Abu l-mu ayyad al-khwar zmï said, In Syria I listened to one of those ignorant of the worth (of the Greatest Im m) who disparaged him, belittled him, exalted others, looked down on him and attributed lack of transmission of hadith to him. As evidence for that, he used the fame of the Musnad which Abu l- Abb s Mu^ammad ibn Ya q b al-a amm collected for ash-sh fi Ï, the Muwa~~a of M lik and the Musnad of Im m A^mad, may Allah Almighty have mercy on all of them. He claimed that Ab ±anïfah did not have a Musnad and that he only related a small number of hadith. So a divine religious zeal and ±anafï Nu m nï solidarity moved me to collect the fifteen Musnads which had been collected for him by the paragons of the scholars of hadith:. A Musnad collected for him by the Im m and ± fi Ab Mu^ammad Abdull h ibn Mu^ammad ibn Ya q b ibn al-± rith al-± rithï al-bukh rï known as Abdull h the Master &.. A Musnad collected for him by the Im m and ± fi Abu l-q sim >al^ah ibn Mu^ammad ibn Ja far, the just martyr.. A Musnad collected for him by the Im m and ± fi Abu l-khayr Mu^ammad ibn al-mu affar ibn M s ibn s ibn Mu^ammad.. A Musnad collected for him by the Im m and ± fi Ab Nu aym A^mad ibn Abdull h ibn A^mad al-a fah nï. 5. A Musnad collected for him by the Shaykh and trustworthy just man, Ab Bakr Mu^ammad ibn Abd al-b qï ibn Mu^ammad al-an rï. 6. A Musnad collected for him by the Im m and ± fi, the author of al-jar^ wa t-ta dïl, Ab A^mad Abdull h ibn AdÏ al-jurj nï. 7. A Musnad collected for him by Im m al-±asan ibn Ziy d al-lu lu Ï. 8. A Musnad collected for him by the Im m and ± fi Umar ibn al-±asan al-ashn nï. 9. A Musnad collected for him by the Im m and ± fi, Ab Bakr A^mad ibn Mu^ammad ibn Kh lid ibn KhalÏ al-kil Ï. 0. A Musnad collected for him by the Im m and ± fi Ab Abdull h Mu^ammad ibn al- ±usayn ibn Mu^ammad Khusraw al-balkhï.. A Musnad collected for him by Im m Ab Y suf, the Q \Ï, Ya q b ibn Ibr hïm al-an rï, and they related it from him. It is called the Nuskhah Ab Y suf.. A Musnad collected for him by Im m Mu^ammad ibn al-±asan ash-shayb nï. They related it from him. It is called the Nuskhah Mu^ammad.. A Musnad connected for him by his son Im m ±amm d ibn AbÏ ±anïfah. They related it from his father.. A Musnad also collected for him by Im m Mu^ammad ibn al-±asan, most of which is from the Followers. They relate it from him under the title al- th r. 5. A Musnad collected for him by the Im m and ± fi, Abu l-q sim Abdull h ibn Mu^ammad ibn Abi l- Aww m as-sughdï. J mi mas nïd al-im m al-a am, :-5. J mi mas nïd al-im m al-a am, : The scholar of Transoxania, hadith scholar and notable Im m, Ab Mu^ammad Abdull h ibn Mu^ammad ibn Ya q b al-± rithï al-bukh rï, entitled the Professor (al-ust dh), the collector of the Musnads of al-im m Ab ±anïfah. He was born in 58. He related from Ubaydull h ibn W il, Mu^ammad ibn AlÏ as-s igh and M s ibn H r n al-±amm l. Mu^ammad ibn al-±asan ibn Man r an-nays b rï, A^mad ibn Mu^ammad ibn Ya q b al-f risï and Ab Abdull h ibn Mandah related from him. Ibn Mandah spoke well of him. He was the Shaykh of the Madhhab in Transoxania. He died in 0 at the age of 8. Al-KhalÏlÏ said, He had knowledge of this subject, but was soft and so they consider him weak. See Im m adh-dhahabï, Tadhkirat al-^uff :68 and MÏz n al-i tid l :7, and Siyar a l m annubal, 5:-5, and Ibn al- Im d, Shadhar t adh-dhahab, :57. He is al-±usayn ibn Mu^ammad ibn Khusraw al-balkhï, Ab Abdull h, the hadith scholar, 6

7 Books of the Four Imams This author obtained an ij zah for these three Musnads from his shaykhs. The ascription of this Musnad to Ab ±anïfah is only like the ascription of what is in the Musnad of Im m A^mad ibn ±anbal of the musnad transmissions of Ab Bakr a -ßiddÏq î to him, as though he were a writer and compiler. teacher of the ±anafï people of Baghdad, the Collector of the Musnad for Ab ±anïfah. He listened to Abu l-±asan al-anb rï and Abd al-w ^id ibn Fahd. Ibn an-najj r said, The faqïh of the people of Iraq in Baghdad in his time. He listened to many scholars and took a lot from the companions of Ab AlÏ ibn Sh dh n and Abu l-q sim ibn Bushr n. Ibn al-jawzï related from him. He died in Shaww l, 56. See the hadith scholar Abd al-q dir al-±anafï, al-jaw hir al-mu\ï ah fï ~abaq t al-±anafiyyah, 6, Im m adh-dhahabï, Siyar a l m an-nubal, 9:59-59 and MÏz n al-i tid l :

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Ikhlas (Chapter - 112) Which was revealed in Makkah The Reason for the Revelation of this Surah and its Virtues

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Ikhlas (Chapter - 112) Which was revealed in Makkah The Reason for the Revelation of this Surah and its Virtues Ibn Abi Hatim said that his father and Abu Zur` ah both said that ` Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr Al- Humaydi told them that Sufyan informed them that Al-Walid bin Kathir related from Ibn Tadrus who reported