Abstracts of All Articles AL-ADWA 41:29

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1 61 Abstracts of Urdu Articles Signification of Text and Tafsir Hafiz Abdullah Hanafi jurists have distinguished four levels of meanings of the revealed text from explicit meaning to essential meaning. Dalalah al-nass conveys the meanings of the Quranic text that are derived from the spirit and rationale of a legal text even if it is not indicated in its words and sentences. The meanings are derived by identifying an effective cause ('illah) that is obvious and common between the explicit meaning and the meaning that is derived through inference. The effective cause is understandable by the knowledge of language without any deep contemplation. The analogical reasoning is different from Dalalah al-nass in its inference and validity and application. The article elaborates that what is dalah al-nass and what is its impact on tafsir al-qur'an. Quranic Compilation and the Objections Raised by Muslim Scholars Hafiz Muhammad Abdul Qayyum It is fact that the Quran was compiled in the era of first caliph Abu Bakr. In the era of caliph Usman, six to seven copies, of the Quran was prepared from above said compiled copy. But unfortunately, today some Muslim scholars, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Allama Tamanna Imadi, Abdul Latif Rahmani, have attempted to raise doubts against the Quranic compilation. These scholars are of the opinion that the Quran had been compiled in the Prophetic life time and the compilation story about Quranic compilation in Caliph Abu Bakr era is not real but fabricated. Ubaid bin Sabbaq, the narrator of this story is insane transmitter. It has been attempted to evaluate and analyze critically the arguments given by Allama Tamanna Imadi etc., in this article. Difference of Opinion in Islamic School of Thought and its Reality Asim Naeem Difference of opinion is a natural phenomenon of human life. Human logic can interpret a single text in different manners due to difference of thinking approach. There are many reasons that led to difference of opinions when Muslim jurists intended to derive divine commandments from sacred texts. Some fundamental factors behind juristic differences are, difference in methodology of interpretation, difference in understanding of the meanings of revealed words, difference in the principles of conjoining and preferring contradictory texts. The article deals with these issues.

2 62 Contribution of Family Institution in Islamic Society (A Critical Analysis) Naseem-e-Sahar Man is social by nature, and has been living societal community life from the very beginning in this world. Man is endowed with different qualities like knowledge, reason, and self-consciousness to be able to live a life in this world which would be helpful for better rewards in the life hereafter. Islam introduced healthy teachings in every sphere of life to accelerate the human well-being. The main features of Islamic social system indicate that family was focused as an important and basic institution. Islam introduced such values which enhanced internal and external purification, helped creating harmony among the individuals in different roles and statuses, so that all prejudices and discriminations should come to an end in the Muslim society according to Quranic teachings. The holy prophet (SAW) guided the individual at microsociological level and the community at macro-sociological level to create a balanced social environment. Even in the present contemporary scenario, the basic unit family whether its nature is nuclear or extended, is playing its role for the continuity of human race, training the human resource as a tool to create discipline in the social set-up, building of character and personality on positive and healthy lines to be able to perform his sociological role with the specific outlook of being answerable to Almighty Allah who created man and sent him in this world to fulfill the mission of obeying his Creator. Imam Suhayli s Mode of Deriving Implications and Lessons from Serah Events (in Perspective of Al Raud al Unuf) Hafiz Muhammad Naeem Imam Al-Suhayli is one of the greatest scholars of al-andalus. His book Al- Raud al-unuf, which is the commentary on al-siratu Al-Nabawiyyah compiled by Ibn-e-Hisham has got a significant place in Sirah literature. In this commentary Imam Al-Suhayli has adopted a number of modes to explain the incidents of Sirah. His prevalent style is that he infers juristic implications and lessons from the biography of the Holy Prophet (SAW) related to every aspect of his life (SAW). That is a unique example and different style in Seerahwriting. Imam Al-Suhayli has also analyzed the narrators and their narrations about the Prophetic life critically. He also dispelled the contradiction among different narrations. He quoted the references from Quran and Sunnah on the points derived by him. He referred the opinions of different schools of thought besides his own opinion. Sometimes, being a follower of Imam Malik, he has confined himself by giving Maliki opinion only. His juristic innovation in Serah-writing has great influence upon the following Serah-writers.

3 63 Methodologies of Extraction of Islamic Injunctions: in Islamic Historical Perspective Sayed Muhammad Ismaeel No doubt, practice of methodology of juristic Extraction (Manhaj-e- Istinbat) was initiated, when the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) gave training to His companions (Sahaba) (RA) for the methods of independent legal reasoning or juristic deduction. The methodology of juristic Extraction by Sahaba (RA) was that, first of all they would seek commands from Holy Quran, in case of inability to find from there, they would incline to Sunnah of the Prophet (SAW), if they could not find even from there, they would give their own opinion and consultation. This obvious practice of Sahaba (RA) in legal reasoning proves that they had perfect understanding in application of imperative and prohibitive expression (Amr o Nahy) and in giving preferences in divine texts. Despite this, their legal reasoning was sometime unanimous and at sometime was varied. Juristic deduction extended during the era of companions of Sahaba (Tabiyyun) (RA). In era of Tabiyyun, due to different places and different methodologies, there were two major groups of judicial (Fiqhee) school of thought; School of Hijaz and School of Iraq. Colonialism and Policies and Objectives of the British Raj in the Indo- Pak Subcontinent Seyda Sadia Seyda Maryam Shah This paper aims to explore the different dimension of colonization in the subcontinent. The intrinsic difference between the colonial power and the colonized emerged in the form of us and them The role of the Christian Missionaries who worked as the pioneers of the mental conversion of the Natives of the subcontinent is very important in this regard. The history of ancient India was distorted rediscovered, edited reviewed and presented with quite a new angle. The social values of the Natives of the subcontinent were presented as ludicrous, irrational and immoral figures. Thus cultural hegemony was established in the subcontinent. The white Man s burden was the term which was first used in the early Nineteenth century, to denote the ignorance of the Nation and to establish the supremacy of the colonial power i-e. The British government. The educational system that was introduced and implemented by the Mughals, was altogether changed and replaced by the British educational system that was specially formulated by the British educationists. It aimed at the cultural engineering, of the people of the subcontinent. I tend to present a brief introduction and analysis of the educational policies of the British in the subcontinent.

4 64 This research paper will also encompass the role of Orientalists in the subcontinent, that ultimately leads to the clash of civilizations. The Personality of Muhammad Bin Umar al Waqdi in the Context of Jarh-o-Tadil Muhammad Munsha Tayyed Ihsna ur Rehman Muhammad bin Umar Al-Waqidi was an eminent seerah writer of the 2nd century of hijrah. He has a unique standing among those early learned scholars who accomplished the art of seerah writing and set a parameter for compiling the serah narrations that all the successors can not ignore it. But, unfortunately, Waqdi had been criticized in the history of serah writing. The scholars of Jarh-o-Ta'deel have two different opinions about the athenticity of Waqdi. Some of them have declared him a dhaif (insane) narrator and others have declared him a pioneer of seerah and maghazi writing and as a trusted scholar. So this article intends to view and analyze these both opinions about the worthy Imam Waqdi. Education of Tasawwuf in Islamic seminaries Tahir Raza Bukhari Islamic seminaries have been facing numerous challenges on national and international levels. Terrorism and extremism are attached to the Islamic seminaries on one hand and the students having graduation from such schools, on the other hand, are unable to cope with the requirements of the age. Keeping in view the modern requirements and responsibilities of the people holding pulpit and seat of teaching and instruction as well as shrine superiors to extend sincerity, love, tolerance forbearance and patience that is the distinctive qualities of the Sufis, however, for this purpose it is necessary to adopt Sufi s way of thinking and practice. Differences and variations amongst The Hanafi School of Islamic Fiqh and (An Analysis) Hafiz Abdul Basit Khan Muhammad Akram Hanafi school of fiqh enjoys a superiority upon all other schools of fiqh for keeping more than one viewpoint in majority of sections and branches of Islamic law. Imam Abu Hanifa and his pupils Imam Abu Yousuf and Imam Muhammed often kept difference of option. This article explores the reasons behind the differences in their opinions. In this regard, the writers have framed twelve basic reasons. In fact, difference of opinions in Islamic jurisprudence leads to the same in issues and branches of Islamic law. The

5 65 readers will find the relevant jurisprudential and legal discussions in their full length. Abū Rehān Al-Berūnī s Approach to Hindūism (An Analytical Study of his book Fī Mā Tahqīq lil-hind) Muhammad Abdullah Abu Rehan al-beruni is a renounced Islamic scholar in the history of Islam. His field of research / interest was mathematics, astrology as well as the study of world religions. But his magnus opus fi ma tahqiq lil-hind was written in Arabic on the study of Hinduism. Before studying Hinduism, according to the modern techniques, first of all, he learnt Sanskrit, then he discussed Hinduism as religion, their customs and doctrines as well with the help of primary sources and references. This paper is an attempt to introduce al-beruni s approach towards Hinduism in detail. Manu and Manu law Rashad Ahmad Mursal Farman 'Manu' is an important legendary figure of Hinduism. It is a title given to a progenitor of mankind. Its character also has close resemblance with the character of the Prophet Noah. According to Hinduism, Manu appears from time to time to save mankind. Manusmriti or Manu Dharam Shastra is one of the most important codes of law in Hinduism. It is thought to be the dictated by the first Manu. This article aims to give a brief introduction of Manu and then discuss Manusmriti (Laws of Manu). Quranic Word Amr and its Meanings in the Quran Muhammad Bashir There is no doubt that the imperative mood is one of the most magnificent topic of an Arabic language, particularly in the Qur anic context. According to the opinion of the major scholars, both the commencement and conclusion of the Holy Qur an were in the imperative mood. Thereupon, the scholars of Arabic language took a keen interest in study of meanings of the imperative mood whether literal or figurative. From the above mentioned point of view the following article attempts to study the meanings of imperative mood, whether they are literal or figurative, and also it endeavors along with its connotations in the light of what is stated in the Holy Qur an and Sunnah as well as in the sources of Arabic language, to lead those who recite the Holy Qur an to the right way,

6 66 guide them to the truth and to help them in understanding of the secret meanings of Qur an. Israeliyat s [Jewish and Christian] Literature and its authenticity in Tafsir Literature (A Critical Analyses) Tahir Mehmood Isra iliyyat (narrations from the Jews and Christians traditions) have been found in Tafsir literature. It includes those events and incidents which are attributed to Bani Israel. It is necessary for a student of Tafsir to has knowledge of its authenticity. Following basic points have been discussed in this article: Meaning of Isra iliyyat Types of Isra iliyyat Quotes of scholars regarding avoidance in reporting Isra iliyyat Some examples of narrated Isra iliyyat in Tafseer The negative effect of Isra iliyyat in understanding of the Holy Quran This Article can be summarize as follows: The Israeli narrations which are in accordance with Islamic Shariah are acceptable, whereas which are against Shariah are un-acceptable. The Israeli narrations which are neither in accordance with nor against Islamic Shariah, then they will be evaluated on the basis of reason and true wisdom. If they are nearer to falsehood and in contradiction to reason, then they will be rejected. But if they are in accordance with wisdom and reason and not considered as falsehood, then in this condition immediate ruling will not be given on them till any evidence comes in their favor or opposition. Islamic Legal Status of Adan and Iqamah Given in the Ears of Newly Born-Baby (A Comparative Study) Muhammad Amir Gazdar The research is focused on the issue of calling Adan and Iqamah in the ears of the newly born baby. The research is aimed to probe the legal validity and authenticity of this ritual. The significance of this act is vivid as it is the leading Islamic ritual that is performed with utmost sanctification. It is believed as an established Islamic tradition for male or female babies upon their birth. The available traditions of the holy Prophet SAW regarding the issue have been explored and critical appreciation of their chain and text was made by issuing final verdict about their authenticity. Analytical review of the opinions of jurists and hadith experts was carried out. The research extends sufficient evidences that calling Adan and Iqamah though is

7 67 prevailed in all Muslim societies is not proved act of the Holy Prophet (SAW). English Articles The Campaigns of the Prophet and Execution of POWs Atiq ur Rahman Zia ur Rahman This study aims to establish the fact that Islam does not approve the killing of prisoners of war as it is misunderstood by critics. It is clear from the article that POWs were never killed on account of being prisoners because Islam does not consider the captivity such an offence that is punishable by death. Moreover, the companions of the Holy Prophet deem it illegal to kill the POWs. In this research article the end of the prisoners who were captured during the war campaigns of the era of Holy Prophet SAW has been studied in order to understand and highlight the treatment of those prisoners by the Holy Prophet In this regard various books of Hadith and Seerat have been studied.(ﷺ) keeping in view their authenticity and validity. Secondly, all those factors have been brought to light that became the cause of execution of some of the prisoners. Two facts are established after this study. In the first place the authentic number of executed prisoners is very little. Secondly, their execution was not a result of any policy of Islam but they were executed because of their crimes from which there is no expiation. Progression of Modarabah Rules in the Formative Period of Sunni s legal text Muhammad Junaid Sharif Muhammad Ijaz For the development of Islamic Jurisprudence, Muslim jurists developed a systematic methodology to sum up the reasoning and judgments of law in line with Shariah such as Ijma, Qiyas, Istihsan etc. The expansion of economic activities and growing business needs resulted towards the expansion of Modarabah rulings. The study aims to discuss the progression of Mudarabah rules, salient elements of Modaraba as expressed in four sunni schools of law. The analysis of early Modarabah doctrine of Hanafis, Malikis and Shafi iis reveals that advancement has been made in the legal text of Modarabah contract till the end of 3 rd century Hijri. Onward from the fifth century the focus was on the organization of the discussions of early jurists in a more systematic way.

8 68 Bediuzzaman Said Nursi s Methodology for the Revival of Muslim Society with Reference to his Damascus Sermon Ishtiaq Ahmad Gondal Shumaila Majeed The basic aim of this paper is to explore Said Nursi s Methodology which he suggested for the revitalization of Muslim society, and the explanations he provided as solution to resolve the problems of Muslim society according to the need of the age. It will be initiated with the significance of Muslim Revival in this age along with the explanation of the Prophetic tradition. Afterward it will be continued by demonstrating the qualities of revivalists and briefly discussing the difference between renewal and reconstruction. What are the distinctions of Said Nursi as a Reconstructionist which distinguish him among other revivalists and his methodology in this regard will be specifically elaborated. For this purpose Said Nursi s Damascus Sermon will be focused in which he prescribed a number of solutions to bring Muslim Community out from the decline and to form the foundation of a true Muslim society. Iqbal s Islamic Political Ideas Amna Afreen Dr. Muhammad Iqbal was against purely secular form of government. He also identified that there are substantial complexities with Western democracy. He justly believed that the primary focus of an Islamic structure of government is to progress the moral fiber of its general public. Furthermore, Iqbal proposed an egalitarian and spiritual democracy that is a system which recognizes the hidden potential of individuals, regardless of their financial status. However, for composite Muslim nation, Iqbal turned out to be a romantic utopian in contrast to the ideas of Maulana Hussain Ahmed Madni. Madani recognized the Mithaq-I-Madinah as the harbinger of the modern idea of nation. While Iqbal s vision of a Muslim state was in reality, to build a place for Muslims to experiment and regenerate the deadwood that Islam became in the course of the centuries, and relive its dynamic and influential qualities. Iqbal strongly believed that Islam is the religion of serenity and its propagation occurred through peaceful measures. In the same line of thought, he considered that all the wars of the Prophet in reality were defensive proceedings.