The Role of Family; Principles, Teachers and Peers in Development of Human-Making Culture of Salat (prayer) among Students

Transcription

1 The Role of Family; Principles, Teachers and Peers in Development of Human-Making Culture of Salat (prayer) among Students Maryam Jalilvand Masters of Persian literature, Ministry Of Education, Iran, Hamedan, Touyserkan, Principal of Shahed Bentolhoda School Abstract Salat is offering praise to the door of the beneficent creator and the most complete answer for most excellent needs of human; an opportunity for refreshing human's spirit and a bridge for obtaining perfection, that is, seeking perfection. Salat is the savior ship and the most important factor and the most fundamental method of education in preventing Obliquity (moral deviations) and the most effective method of curing deviations and behavioral disorders of children. Promotion of the culture of Salat among students is one of the most important responsibilities of all the practitioners involved in education such as principals and teachers and the most fundamental responsibility of families and due to this reason it requires them to have a comprehensive planning proportional to different age groups of children for attracting them toward prayer. Today, students are facing with various mental problems and moral abnormalities and disorders that are caused by ignorance, weak belief, lack of awareness of parents and... Existing data in this regard indicate that exploring and studying the life of students in family, school, society and among peers is of great significance in motivating him/her toward the culture of prayer. In this process, students are in direct interaction with people surrounding them including family members, friends, principles, teachers, mosques and spirituality which affect their behaviors and their messages and governs their conducts and their moral behaviors. Keywords: prayer, family, principles, teachers, peers Introduction The duty of upbringing and education with all its easiness is a difficult task at the same time and is equal to easy and impossible. Upbringing and education is not about transfer of information or knowledge, but is about changing worldview. No upbringing and education is successful without making the proper context. If a set of effective elements and factors in transferring a value message will not have the necessary integration and unity in action, they cannot be effective. In inclination and orientation of Adolescents and youth toward Salat three main factors of family, school and mass media play a central and fundamental role. Those who are guiding require not losing hope and to continue guidance. Human's nature is inclined toward negligence. Creating the will and determination for establishing prayers in children requires tact and efficient measures. Parents at home should make their children familiar with Salat and Quran. Preventing factors should be explained to children and proportional to their age they should continuously encourage them to prayers together with knowing god, but in a non-commanding manner. God in Surat Taha says: "and you bid your followers to establish prayers and be patient and have resilience in it " (Taha, 131). This verse tells us that working continuously and diligently is the necessity of guiding our children toward saying prayers. Children look to their parents for the extent to which they act 112

2 on their own religious teachings and if God forbid, parents will not do what they preach, they should not expect a fundamental transformation in their children also in this regard. 1 The face of Salat in the School of Revelation: Salat is one of the most important things that prophets have ordered us to do and is one of the most evident instances of worship. Imam Luqman says to his son: "my dear son, establish prayer. (Luqman, 17). Salat is the cure for Forgetfulness and remembering God: "Establish Salat in my remeberance" (Taha, 14) Prayer, is the pact of God. The prophet of God says: "Salat is God's covenant" 2 Salat is the light of the eye of our prophet who has said: "Salat is the apple of my eye". 3 Salat is the leverage of seeking help in sorrows and problems. God says: take advantage of patience and prayers in problems and overcome them: " take the help of patience (fasting) and Salat" (Al-Baqara, 45). Prayers is the cure for arrogance. Imam Ali (peace be upon him) says: God necessitated Salat to distance human from arrogance: "Salat eradicates pride". 4 Salat is the means of thanking God for his blessings: "Therefore, say Salat and sacrifice" (al- Kawthar, 2). Salat is the symbol and sign of Islam: Prophet (peace be upon him) says: "Salat is Islam's flag". 5 Salat is like the relation of head to body. Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him) says: "the place of Salat in religion is like head to body". 6 Salat is the key to heaven7 and Salat is the means of measuring people.8 Personal and social effects of Salat: Salat (prayer) has a significant effect on personal and social life. Here we will mention some of these effects; a person who pray comparing to a person who doesn't pray feels more peace. When a person, through praying, sends his soul to Meraj and connects it with God and is name, the person feels power and esteem and will not fear any one or any power. A person who prays never set his eyes upon forbidden things and doesn't let the Fleeting desires and temptations of evil preoccupy the mind of him. On the contrary, extensive corruption, and Infected attractions existing in the society, naked bodies and uncovered hairs, corrupting and stigmatizing scenes and... covers the hearts of those who say prayers that their hearts cannot see and observe the relations with spirituality. 9 Since human has a light of divine nature, remembering god and saying Salat increases human's spiritual capabilities and leaving Salat and ignoring the god's remembrance will cause a feeling of lack of identity and falling into the spiral of misdirection. The Holy Quran advises humans to God's remembrance for avoiding these Whirlpools and being saved from these disturbed waves. The effect of Salat is to overcome devil and cleaning the heart of the one who prays from sins and serves as Atonement for sings. In today's world that uncontrolled culture increasingly is threatening the health and safety of so many societies and nations seriously and every day we are witnessing the Rebellion and disobedience of various groups of people, especially adolescents and youths, who is there to save and help these people? Is there anything except Salat and trust in god and his magical helps that can save these people from the Sinkhole of these huge sins and prevents them from falling into the valley of nothingness and misery? Necessity of the ritual of Salat 1 Zahrani, Seyed Ahmad. (2007). Family and encouraging children to say prayers: Monthly journal of Peyvand for education and upbringing. Tehran: Ministry of Education, central organization for parents and teachers association. 2 Kenz Al-amal, vol. 7: Bahar, vol. 77:77 5 Motaghi, Ali Ibn Hessam al-din, Kenz al-amal, vol.1, p Dashti, Mohammad, translation of NAHJ AL-FASAHAH, sentence 3075, p Payandeh, Abulghasem, NAHJ AL-FASAHAH, sentence Kelini, Mohammad to Yaqub, Furū al-kāfī, vol. 1, p Fakhraee, Sirus, place of Salat in the process of upbringing and education, Journal of Tarbiat, Khordad issue 109, p. 65.

3 The Role of Family; Principles, Teachers and Peers in Salat is a manifestation of the glory of devotion and is the most liked worship with God. In Sura Hud, verse 114 God says: "and establish Salat in two extremes and sides of the day and in a part of the night, indeed, goodness will eliminate evil, this is an advice for those who accepts them." Imam Ali (peace be upon him) says: Salat is divine blessing; "if the one who says prayer know that how much he is surrounded by God's blessing, he will never rises from Sajda." Considering the fact that Salat has been considered as a pillar of Islam in our religion and is the measure of human value and acceptance of all his actions and rituals and if it will be performed correctly, it can be considered as the Meraj of the believer and top of the religion that requires continuity and protection. Without any doubt all youths and adolescents potentially have the aptitude and inclination to accept and perform religious rituals. Endeavors for developing and extending the culture of Salat in society requires some efforts from different factors from family to society and school and peers and so on. The mentioned Influential factors and elements will create discrepancy in the mind of a person if each of them have a different and distinct way of inducing the spiritual value and message and spirit of Salat, or in other words, it they negate one another. in this article we have tried to address the role of parents and teachers (home and school) in promoting the culture of Salat and we have also tried to provide some suggestions for promoting the culture of Salat among students. Holy Quran says: "establish Salat, indeed, it prevents those who say prayers from every ugliness" ( al- Ankabūt, 45). Or Imam Ali (peace be upon him) says: I advise you to say prayers which is the best of the deeds and the pillar of your religion". 10 The underlying wisdom of Salat is for us to worship the one God and keep away from Polytheism and idolatry and only admit to our need and smallness in front of the great God and ask him forgiveness for our sins. Salat and adolescents Prayer is the Great Rosary and the most complete answer to the most elevated need of human, need to flourish all the potential and capacities of our existence, need to harmony with the Mystery of Creation and need to closeness and unity (Monotheism) which is the most innate need of human and paves the way for his perfection. Salat is the most innate answer to this need and is the main pillar of Islam and should take the main place in the life of people. Not means is more secure and durable than Salat for the connection between human and God. All humans, specially children and adolescents due to their pure nature are inclined and oriented toward religion and religious instructions, however, it is possible that some factors will prevent the manifestation and emergence of religious behaviors in them. Inclination toward worshiping is something innate; Salat is something innate. 11 Human by nature loves Invocation and Salat (prayer). Human due to the fact that has been created with divine nature and is associated with the nature of God have a perfection and God searching nature and Salat (prayer) is the most perfect and elevated form of invocation and the most complete way of expressing one's need to the door of needless God. God's prophets who are the messengers of Monotheism, all in one voice invite people to worship the one God and performing divine duty that mandatory duty of Salat is one of the religious duties that all religions have paid attention to. Effective factors on promotion of the human-making culture of Salat among students In line with promoting the culture of Salat among students, four main elements of family, principles, teachers and peers have central and fundamental role. "upbringing and education is not the mere transfer of knowledge and information, but is a change in worldviews. No upbringing and education can be successful without first creating the necessary contexts. If a set of elements and effective factors in transferring or conveying a value message will not have the required integration in action, they cannot be effects and maybe they even neutralized one another." Ansarian, Hossein, The system of family in Islam. Qum: Om Abiha publications, p Falasafi, Mohammad Taghi, Hadith of education, Negah Newspaper, the month of Ordibehesht (May) of 2008, p Shariatmadari, Ali, 1998, Principles and philosophy of education and upbringing, Amir Kabir, Tehran, p. 34.

4 The above mentioned Effective factors and elements for conveying a spiritual value, message and expression of the soul of Salat, if in action and reality negate one another or in programs and the way of expressing things each have a different and Contrary path and aim to each other will create discrepancy in the mind of the person and the message eventually will not result in motivation, enthusiasm, will and action. A) The role of family The first context for enhancement of the spirit of worship,specially Salat, in human is family. And family has an important role in conveying the culture of Salat. Family, especially parents are the first center and focal point for children's upbringing and education. "if a child is brought up in a family who efforts toward religion and its provisions like a true believer and with love and obey its instructions with Sincerity and honesty, there is more hope that their children also respect religious instructions. The point which is important in a child's inclination toward Salat is the existence of motivation and what is important in Salat education is the penetration of the spiritual soul and spirit of Salat to the deepest part of his heats, not to impose the form of Salat to the child. The education of Salat will be successful only when it is accompanied with a pleasant feeling and experience. Without any doubt all human by nature are inclined toward worship, however, the point which is so much important in children and adolescents is that way of providing these educations and they way of conveying these values. Religious rituals and worship are like an answer to the most elevated spiritual needs of human, and if they are provided naturally it can create a pleasant feeling in them and can absorb and attract them easily, because emotions and feelings play the most important role in the growth and evolution of a youth. Acquiring habits and religious behaviors more than being influenced by the speech and advices of the parents are influenced by acceptance of the behavior, emotions and feelings accompanied by the parents love and affection." 13 With creating pleasant feelings by performing religious duties in children and adolescence, the context for learning desirable behaviors and emotions is provided in them and this in turn leads to enhancement of their motivation and inclination toward worshiping and connecting with their God. Children and adolescents learn most of their behaviors and actions based on their observations from their parents and the feelings that the Family communication space creates in them. Imam Ali (peace be upon him) says: "the heart of an adolescents is like an empty land. It will get whatever seed you will plant in it. I started your education and upbringing before your heart become hard and your mind become occupied." "children strongly are thirsty for learning and required security and peace of mind and a connection to a source of power and affection and love. Heavenly tone of Quran and the pleasant sound of Salat remembrance phrases even at the time that a mother is pregnant with her child can cause the movement and flourish religious inclination ad emotions in the child. Silence, anger, behavior, the look and word of a mother and father and surrounding people works as example for children and the right actions of each of these can satisfy the need and innate inclination of children. Children are continuously learning and are curious about everything." 14 families should try that their religious teachings will be accompanies with pleasant experiences. Tolerance, expression happiness and satisfaction will make pleasant the inclination to these religious emotions for children. On this basis, the most beautiful and pleasant states of mind and times for children and adolescents in family is when their parent become ready to establish Salat. When a child sees all the happiness in the face of his/her surrounding people, that is at the time of Performing ablution and placing the prayer mat and putting perfume on prayer cloths and adorn yourself in the most beautiful way and listening to the pleasant sound of Quran and Azan which blow a peaceful breeze in the body of people and when soul is freed from the case of body and flies in the divine territory and soars toward the real beloved: You, human!, you are from the heaven so why you have been trapped in this trap (world). Families can indirectly establish so many desirable 13 Ghaemi, Ali; The role of mother in a child's upbringing, Amiri Publications, Tehran, 1991, p Ghaemi, Ali; The role of a mother in a child's upbringing and education, Amiri publications, Tehran, 1991, p. 88.

5 The Role of Family; Principles, Teachers and Peers in behaviors and feelings in the form of religious values and instructions through the use of behavioral patterns in their children and adolescence. Observing the behavior of people around is a rich and strong motivation for teaching children, while direct and Peremptory teachings and advices not only don't create much of motivation in an adolescent but sometimes also leads to Resentment and hatred in them. Mother and father as the first educational patterns and models for their children regarding to Salat in addition to practical education make them familiar with secrets of Salat and play their educational role in this regard. Since, the existence of every human is from his/her mother and father, it can be said that among relative connections no one is closer to human than his/ her mother and father. As no one is more kind toward a human than his/her parents. After God, parents have the right to life of a child. These two kind creatures aid and help their child or children from the time they are weak and offer whatever they have to their children. Therefore, the vital and important role of parents in a child's upbringing is not hidden to anyone and it is necessary that children would appreciate the efforts of their parents. Most of human's behaviors are based on learning and the first and most important learning base is the warm environment of family, because the character of a human is evolved and shaped in family and his attitudes, inclinations and good and bad behaviors toward different things originates from family and the family would harvest whatever they have planted in the heart of their children. Imam Ali (peace be upon him) says: "the heart of a child is just like a Fertile land tat no plant has been yet grown ini t and is ready for any kind of seed. 15 Lack of attention of parents to their children's Salat: lack of attention or insufficient attention of parents toward their children at home or being superficial or even their Recklessness toward religious matters, especially Salat, have a significant effect on children's upbringing. For example, if a child grows in a family in which no one considers any importance for Salat or don't consider themselves responsible toward religious matters or themselves are not at all saying their prayers and also don't motivate their children toward Salat, definitely a child in this family also will not say his prayers, however, the child in future might be inclined toward Salat under other factors influence which is not so much likely. There are Some parents who don't at all care about Salat and naturally their children would follow their footsteps. There are another group of parents that themselves care and value Salat and saying prayers but don't give any attention to their children in this regard and themselves say their prayers and keep their fast, but don't care whether their children perform their religious duties or no and are indifferent toward it. 16 Beloved Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him) states the following about these type of parents and guardians: "Shame on the children of the end of the time from their fathers; he was asked, from their Polytheist fathers? Prophet (peace be upon him) said: no, but of their Muslim father! Who don't teach their children any of the religious duties and if the children themselves learn some of these religious duties and instructions also, they will stop them from doing them and are only satisfied to their low income. I hate them and they hate me." 17 B) teachers Any fundamental change and transformation in society requires the transformation of the educational system of that society and the main axis of progress in any educational system is the quality of performance of its teachers. Teacher as the most important pillar of education is directly involved in teaching educational dimensions of belief, emotional, moral, political, social and... aspects to students; and play a significant role in educating the required human resources for a society. The concept of teacher has fundamental differences with the similar concepts such as Lecturer in that the duty of a teacher is not merely teaching in the class. The aim and goal of a teacher is to 15 Qumi, Abbas, Safinat al-bihar, vol. 2, p Khalili, Mostafa, The role of Salat in adolescence character; Tahsin, 2008, p. 52 and Noori; Mirza Hossein, (Mohadath Noori), Mostadrak al-vasael; vol. 15, p From the CD of Jame al-ahadith.

6 provide a comprehensive teaching to students. A teacher deals with the soul and mind of a student; a teacher's work is to flourish the potentials and talents in a student. If we consider the history of education as human becoming knowledgeable, teachers play a significant role in this evolution and transformation. If education will be considered as providing the necessary contexts for development and evolution of human and its aim as actualization of potential capacities and talents of humans toward divine perfection and closeness, teachers have a significant role in this path. If we seek to search and identify the effective factors on evolution of human's character, a balance in his existence and his mind and body, these are teachers that have been one of the effective factors and have provided moral, physical, social, emotional and mental growth in human. Indeed, in the past and current world of today, teachers with the use and advantage of art, science, experience, belief in their work and compassion for teaching have created value for the fingers and brains of children and adolescents in the process of teaching - learning and have turned raw humans to educated humans, scholars, experts, believers and artists. On the other hand, teachers should be aware that they are living in a Changing global conditions and don't limit and restrict their mind and actions to their geographical boundaries and make use of creativity, innovation and skill powers and not to restrict and limit their activities to a number of books and teaching materials existing in Teacher Training Centers with which they have become familiar during their work, because today's complex and transformed world requires continuous learning and being active and having sensitivity and creativity. 18 Considering the importance of the work and role of a teacher in providing human resources for a society, it is necessary that authorities put a great deal of efforts on the way of selecting teachers and providing necessary long and short term trainings and conducting an accurate evaluation and having a close supervision on their activities and try to solve the problems that this Working class is facing with. In addition, they should try to identify their material and spiritual need and try to satisfy them. 19 Since children and adolescents spend most of their useful time of their life in school, hence, making them familiar with divine duties and motivating them toward Salat requires the provision of proportional conditions and facilities in schools. In Islamic culture, school is the place and base of education, in school morality, virtue and spirituality should be developed as well as educating sciences and skills. So that a child who is entering school with a god-gifted pure nature will have the possibility to develop both of the above mentioned in harmony and dependent to each other. "on one hand, soul and mind and his body should be developed proportional to his innate and social needs, he should identify morality principles and should respect Islamic values and protect them and should be educated as per the basis of divine educations in society and Islam and on the other hand should be able to learn sciences and skills requires proportional to the current and future needs of the society and become familiar with up to date knowledge and sciences and acquire the necessary skills for his involvement in manufacturing and construction activities in the society. Realization of the these goals and providing the required context for growth and development of children and adolescences' talents depends on various factors including existence of a passionate and enthusiastic teacher, proper and constructive programs, constructive and appealing educations, informed and accurate management as well as a refreshing and pleasant environment and atmosphere. If these factors will be provided in a proper manner in a schools we can observed the development and growth of students in it, otherwise, the process of education will be damages and the efficiency of resources and facilities will be minimized. The children of revolution spend the best period of their lives in schools and their religious education requires a deep and profound recognition and understanding as well as proper human and physical facilities; hence, considering the fact that human spends his childhood and adolescents period in schools and the mental and spiritual transformations that occur during this period, Stereotyped and repetitive ways cannot respond to the needs in every period properly. Considering the characteristics and 18 Mir Heidari, Ashraf, The place of teacher in educational systems, studies and researches of Isfahan department of education, 2007, p Hooshyar, Sadighe, Teacher, management of a class, impediments and strategies - studies and researches of Isfahan department of education, 2007, p. 54.

7 The Role of Family; Principles, Teachers and Peers in needs of students in different areas in primary school, guidance school and high school levels, proper religious educational goals and spiritual renewal of each period has a special importance." 20 Teachers and staff in a school are the model of behavior and the origin of awareness and emotions in students and the more clear and Ebullient this spring and origin, the refreshment and greenness created by it will be more. Considering the status of teachers opens up the way of attracting more knowledgeable and perfect humans toward education system and these teachers can serve as a light on the path of lost people and light up belief in hearts. Proper atmosphere and good physical conditions of schools have a fundamental role in formation of students' character; proper educational environment from various angels should be responsive to educational needs. Just the way that a school needs to have a class and a laboratory, it also needs to have a Prayer house and a library which provides the necessary contexts for embedding Islamic culture in the architecture of the school which provides in turn the context for spiritual development of students. Considering the Priority of cultural and religious issues in designing educational spaces will transform the face and the look of schools and provides a proper context for renovating spirituality of the children of Islamic Iran. School is considered as the place for education and also a place for Purification of souls and in fact is the second house of students and their second parents are teachers who can be effective in creating motivation and enthusiasm in students as well as showing them the correct way of saying prayers and performing other religious duties in which Heavenly and earthly salvation of students is embedded. In schools, staff who are responsible for social affairs and all the teachers, principles and deputies should pay serious attention to make students familiar with prayer and Salat with the help of skilled and informed Clergymen in order to stimulate the spirit of prayers and Salat, become present for saying their prayers with enthusiasm and ask their questions and make their belief strong and come toward Salat. In the big family of school also, the tolerance and patience of principles, masters and teachers for establishing Salat should be so much and should seriously avoid unnecessary rigor and humiliating students in calling them to this divine instruction and order and should use the best places and best cloths for Salat and avoid allocation of dark, small, dirty and ruined places for this purpose. For encouraging the participation of students in 1st and 2nd grades of primary school in Congregational Prayer the teacher should gradually create the necessary context and necessary thirst should be created in them for entering the group of other peers in prayer house and also it is necessary that sometimes their teacher would accompany them in school's Congregational Prayer as an incentive. School master should not mentally bother and hurt students with bitterly bidding them to Salat and prayers, rather it should be indirect. patience, tolerance and a calm and reasonable behavior of school's authorities together with kindness and affection can create a positive feeling and attitude in students toward Salat. In school also if adolescences and youth in different circumstances of studying and hearing Azan will see their teachers who are going to say prayers with enthusiasm and without any compulsion, due to the feeling of becoming like them and following them, the feeling of Enthusiasm and zest will be created in them and they will feel increased inclination toward Salat. It is obvious that we should never force students to perform the duty of Salat. Instead, it is necessary that before anything, we would increase attractions of our behavior in expressing the values to student with creating the arrangement for establishing Salat. If such an atmosphere will dominate the school atmosphere, students' spiritual spirit will be increased and Peer joyful relationships will be developed in prayer house of school." 21 Telling delicate stories and beautiful memories and performing pleasant plays with a sweat language for presenting moral instructions and method and illustrations of values and behaviors of Pious people and religious leaders and examples have a significant effect in learning and inclination and commitment toward religious values and a correct understanding of establishment of true Salat among students. Establishing Salat in schools, 20 Almasi, Mohammad, A brief history of education in Islam and Iran, Tehran, Roshd, 1999, p Ghaemi, Family and school related issue of children, Tehran, parents and teachers association of Islamic Republic of Iran, 1996, p. 127.

8 together with teachers and principals as well as establishing it in public assemblies can be pleasant and memorial for students. Paying attention to Toilets and ablution facilities and their cleanliness can play an important role in encouraging students to Perform ablution and participate in the assembly of student in school's prayer house with a happy face which are all the necessary contexts for preparing and improving inclination toward Salat in students. Due to this reason, in the large family of schools also, principles, teachers and schoolmaster should have high level of patience and tolerance for establishing Salat and prayer and should avoid unnecessary and undue rigor and humiliation fo student in calling them to this divine duty and instruction. Best places and best cloths should be chosen for prayer and dark, tight, dirty and ruined places should be avoided as prayer house. For encouraging the participation of students in 1st and 2nd grade of primary school in Congregational Prayer the teachers should gradually create the necessary contexts in the classroom and should create the necessary thirst for entering the assembly of other peers in the Prayer house and also it is necessary that as an incentive and motivation, from time to time the teacher also participate in the school's Congregational Prayer. The location and place of prayer house should be so much appealing and lovely as well as Memorable that students even before the time of prayer always count down the seconds. The schoolmaster should not mentally bother and hurt students with Irascibility. Supervision should be indirect and even if a student is manifesting Sloth in performing prayers, in the first stage, the reason should be understood and recognized and next the necessary contexts for encouraging his participation among his friends and peers in prayer house should be provided. Holding ceremonies and inviting students for having lunch or opening their fasts in prayer house for different and various occasions can be among unforgettable memories of students. Patience and a calm behavior coupled with affection and love will create a positive feeling and attitude in students for establishing prayers and Salat. C) Role of principles: Organizations are the main pillars and bases of today's societies and managements is the most important factor in the life, growth and perfection or destruction of organizations. A manager, directs and guides the moving process from "current situation" toward "desired situation" and at every moment Endeavors for creating a better future. Past with all its importance and all its experiences and the effects it can have on future, has already occurs and no human power has the ability to bring it back and change it, however, future is ahead of us and an important part of it is related to what is going on "today". Managers in organizations play various roels that differ according to time, place conditions and type of work they do. And identification of these roles is so much important for improving performance. 22 "one of the new theories in management is the theory of managers' roles. The foundation of this theory is that managers are architecture of the character structure of individuals in an organization and that managers' conduct has a significant influence of the conduct of others." 23 Therefore as much as acceptable behaviors, examples and educational authorities are effective in formation of spiritual character and human individualities of students, emergence of proper and acceptable behaviors of managers as well as Oppositional behaviors with social, morality and religious ideals are also effective on destruction of their characters and real identity. "however, the role of manages are not finished here, but this endeavors is looking toward a future that so much time, money and energy have been spend on building it. Principles, as representative of society, in fact show this future to students that this is the very same expected identify. After family, which is the main construction that helps students to institutionalize and internalize their behaviors and provides them with the first experiences of life, school and principles have a specially place. In this construction, teachers are examples and role-models that have the highest acceptability among students. Without any doubt transition from this stage is so much important in mental and behavioral structure of students. Awareness of parents and having informed and Compassionate 22 Alagheband, Ali, Basics and principles of education management, Tehran, Roshd, 1997, p Rezaeean, Ali; Basics of organization and management, Tehran, Samt, 2000, 1st edition, p. 73.

9 The Role of Family; Principles, Teachers and Peers in teachers provides students with the possibility to select the best behavioral pattern for them with identification. Therefore, active participation of principles and teachers in cultural arena and promoting humanistic and moral values coupled with action, will facilitate identification of virtue criteria and virtuous humans for adolescence. If principals and teachers will participate actively in school's Congregational Prayer with students and will try to perform divine instructions and take care of their Speech and behavior, students will be motivated to participate in Congregational Prayer with higher enthusiasm. It should be mentioned that the pattern of religious and scientific leaders play a fundamental role in character evolution of students. Although, in this study we are focusing on providing correct patters for student in order to encourage and motivate them to establish the duty of Salat, however, it should be noted also that adults also are no exempted from this and in a way they are also affected by the patterns existing in their society." 24 a study shows that lack of having a proper encouraging atmosphere and sometimes improper behavior from the side of some religious authorizes and forces and sometimes even Severe encounter has led to lack of presence of some teachers in Congregational Prayer. Hence, it is proper that administrative authorities and social patterns follow the condition of good treatment and moderation in their human behaviors. If we want to create a desired movement in the course of attracting adolescents and youth toward Salat, we have to follow the principle of good treatment and behavioral patters of the society. D) The role of peers One of the very important effective factors in human education is friends. In today's world we cannot shut our door close, however, we should be careful with whom are children are in interacting. Without any doubt, the constructive factor of human's character after his will and decision are different matters that the most important ones are: his companions and friends. It is because human is inevitably influenced and a significant part of his thoughts and moral traits are learnt from his friends. Sometimes, the role of a friend in Happiness and misery of a human becomes more important than any other factor and takes him to close to death and destruction and sometime to the summit of honor. Getting affected by friends is an accepted matter in Islamic and religious logic, in a way that there are numerous narratives about selecting a proper friend from the fourteen infallibles (peace be upon them). One of these narratives is from Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) in which he says: "Anyone who possesses these two traits is good as a companion and friend; otherwise, keep way from him, keep away from him and away from him. He was asked about these two traits and he said: first, saying prayers on time and second, Sympathy". 25 The fact that Imam has repeated to keep away from people who don't have these two traits three times, indicate to the high level of influence of individual's Moral characteristics in one another. In fact, the meaning of this narrative is that if you will interact with those friends who are not caring about Salat and worshiping God, they will deviate you from the path of salvation and their behaviors will influence your behavior as well. Friends have a very important role in shaping human character. Just as much as good and qualified friends are effective on moving human toward salvation and perfection, bad and improper friends are effective on moral deformities. In some cases, adolescents and youth are interested in religious matters, however, they meet some people in some environment such as the neighborhood they are living it or their workplace and university or school who also deviates them from the true path of God. 26 the role of a friend is to such a great extent that sometimes even can capsize the beliefs of a persons and penetrates in his religion and belief, because most people follow their friends as role-model and example Bagherianfard, Mostafa et al., The role of principles and teachers in schools' Congregational Prayer, International Congress of Culture and Religious Thought, 2014, p Majlesi, Mohammad Bagher, Bihar al-anwar; vol. 71; p Mohammadi Hamedani, Asghar, A luggage full of Salat; Institution of higher education and research of management; 1st edition, 2007, p Ibid. 121

10 Conclusion What we can conclude from this paper is that for the four above mentioned factors to be effective on students' inclination toward Salat, it is necessary to take advantage of proper methods of attraction and invitation. In addition, the necessary contexts for attracting students should be also provided at home. It is because it would be of not great effect if families and schools will apply these methods separately and that school authorities need the cooperation of family members and in turn parents needs to get the help of Islamic Education as well as advices of religious elites. Hence, parents and those encouraging students to Salat are advised to consider all the aspects in their efforts for attracting and encouraging students to Salat. All humans are created with a pure nature and if they are misled somewhere in the path of their life is due to lack of knowledge regarding their duties and lack of having a good guidance an advisor in each stage of their lives to teach them about their needs, they way to satisfy them and the way to deal with life's problems. Therefore, it we can identify and understand students and their needs fully in families, schools and society, and can deal with them appropriately and can introduce them with the meaning and concept of Salat with all its beauties, without any doubt all of them will become interested and inclines toward connecting with the most elevated God. The requirement of this is increasing cultural budgets for training specialized individuals in education for dealing with students needs. And another important point is that for achieving the spiritual soul and message of Salat and understanding the virtue of Salat time, emphasizing on the necessity of creating an order and discipline including home, school, principle and teacher in form an integrated group which is moving in one single direct is necessary, logical and inevitable. This integrated group should act in harmony and more than everything should ac t in empathy, because if the educational methods and approaches regarding Salat and programs indented for creating the necessary contexts in this regard will be contradictory in school and home, students will not get inclined correctly toward Salat and the actual soul of it will not be realized in them. References The Holy Quran, translated by Mahdi Elahi Qumsheei, Tehran, Osveh publications, Ahmadi, Gholamreza and Amiri, Seyyed Mohammad Reza. (2002). Studying a part of Personality, family and educational characteristics of male students who say prayer (Salat) in guidance school of Jei neighborhood in Isfahan city. Journal of Humanities studies of Al-zahra (peace be upon her), year 12, issue 42, Almasi, Mohammad, A brief history of education in Islam and Iran- Tehran- Roshd, Ansarian, Hossein, The system of family in Islam. Qum: Om Abiha publications, Bagherianfard, Mostafa et al., The role of principles and teachers in schools' Congregational Prayer, International Congress of Culture and Religious Thought, Payandeh, Abulghasem, NAHJ AL-FASAHAH, sentence Khalili, Mostafa, The role of Salat in adolescents character; Tahsin, Dashti, Mohammad, translation of NAHJ AL-FASAHAH, Zohor, Rajabi, Amir, Why should we say prayers. Tehran: Publications of Salat establishment office, Rezaeean, Ali; Basics of organization and management, Tehran, Samt, Zarhani, Seyyed Ahmad, Family and encouragement of children for establishing Salat. Monthly journal of education of Peyvand. Tehran: Ministry of Education, central organization of parents and teachers association, Shariatmadari, Ali, Principles and philosophy of education and upbringing, Amir Kabir, Tehran, Alaghe Band, Ali, Principles and basics of education management, Tehran, Roshd, Fakhraee, Sirus, place of Salat in the process of upbringing and education, Journal of Tarbiat, Khordad issue Fatin, Shahab, Needs of adolescents and the role of parents and teachers, Journal of Peyvand, Khordad of issue Falasafi, Mohammad Taghi, Hadith of education, Negah Newspaper, the month of Ordibehesht (May) of Ghaemi, Family and school related issues of children, Tehran, Parents and teachers association of Islamic Republic of Iran, Ghaemi, Ali; The role of mother in a child's upbringing, Amiri Publications, Tehran, Qumi, Abbas, Safinat al-bihar, vol. 2, from the compact disc of Jame al-ahadith, 3.5, comprehensive encyclopedia of the narratives of the prophet of Islam (peace be upon him) and Ahl-ul Bayt (peace be upon them), Computer Research Center of Islamic Sciences, Kelini, Mohammad to Yaqub, Furū al-kāfī, from the compact disc of Fiqh of Ahlul-Bayt 2 (peace be upon them), Computer Research Center of Islamic Sciences,

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