ANVESHANA FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GARBHA

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1 ANVESHANA Review Article AYURVEDA MEDICAL JOURNAL ISSN: FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GARBHA Mini K. V. Asst. Prof. of Rachana Sharira, Nangelil Ayurveda Medical College, Kothamangalam, Ernakulam (Dst), Kerala, India Corresponding Author: ABSTRACT Ayurveda is the first Medical system in the World to define the word health as a balanced & coordinated function of the physical, mental, & spiritual faculties of any life form- microbes, plants, animals & humans. As a perfect system of science of life, what is unique about Ayurveda is that, it is based on the Fundamental foundations of the eternal Philosophy in the Vedas, and these Principles are Comprehensive & Universal. According to Ayurveda Panchamahabhutas are Pritvi, Ap, Teja, Vayu & Akasa which are the basic elements along with Shadbhavas-Matrija, Pitrija, Satwaja, Satmyaja, Rasaja & Atmaja Bhavas and also Manasa bhavas, Satvika, Rajasika & Tamasika bhavas are the factors responsible to form the Garbha during conception. The Purva janma samskara has its own role to play. Key words: Garbha, Sharira, Panchamahabhuta, Shadbhavas, Trigunas INTRODUCTION The beginning of development of Sharira from the Sammurchana of Sukla & Sonita along with Atma & 24 principles in a fertile womb as Garbha is important even today. The science of Rachana Sharira is invariably a fundamental science which deals with the outer and inner form or shape of human body along with characterized differences in different body organs and their relationship for providing specific functions allotted to them. Ayurveda could be improved upon to meet the Modern challenges. For this we may have to prepare the present practitioners and future entrants to interpret Ayurveda in the language of Modern sciences. Or to make the tenants of Ayurveda understand to the entire humanity. The Modern world started thinking & re thinking on each and every word and try to interpret Ayurvedic terms in modern languages. The difficulty is only the gap between the languages. We are the people to convey the correct messages what our Acharya wants to explain to the world. The rapid pace & Modern technology is exerting an extreme pressure on humanity & contributes to some extent malfunctions in the body & psyche. The fertility rates in developed countries are deteriorating. This is the proper time to show the World about the contents in between the lines of Ayurveda. Factors Responsible For the Development of Garbha 1. Purvajanma Samskara 2. Bhautika Components: a) Pañcamahabhuta & Garbha b) Shadbhava & Garbha 3. Manasa Bhava Purvajanma Samskara: An honest, pious, erudite man, who has acquired a vast

2 knowledge of Sastra in his prior existence, becomes largely possessed of mental traits of the Sattvika stamp in this life too and also remembers his prior birth (Jatismara), means titration of medicine with appropriate supplementary aushadha is done to enhance its qualities; similarly Adhyayana or Cintana of appropriate Sastras enriched with Jnana vijnana amplifies the person s qualities & is known as Susamskrita. Sastra budhi: One who follow the rules of Sastras. Purva deheshu: Acts similar to those, which a man performs in a prior existence, overtake whom also in the next. Similarly the traits and the temperament which he had developed in a previous existence are likewise sure to be patent in the next. 1 Bhautika Components a) Pañcamahabhuta & Garbha : The embryo is the product of Akasa, Vayu, Agni, Jala and Prtvi, The five Mahabhutas and Atma, thus Cetana is the sixth Dhatu. (C.S.4/6) 2 The principle of earth, water, fire, air and ether are also present in men in the subtle forms and contribute to the formation of the material parts by their molecular adjustment in the way of supplying nutrition and in way of the adding to their bulk. In short, Bhutas are there in minute quantity as they support each other and enter into each other. (Su.Sa.3/3) 3 Four Mahabhutas (Vayu, Teja, Jala, and Prtvi) coming from four sources i.e. Mother, father, ahara Rasa (through the rasa derived from maternal diet for supplying nourishment to the embryo), and Atma (encircling atma due to effect of the deeds of previous life) participate in the formation of embryo. The born child reflects the Bhautika characteristics of maternal, paternal etc. factor depending upon their relative predominance; and others (psychology) depending the preponderance of satwa etc. in Mana; the Mana is influenced by its left over previous abode, such as coming after leaving the body of deva or animals etc. it will have some of their characters. In other words fetus can be Sattvika, Rajasika or Tamasika. (Ch.Sa.2/26-36) 4 The Mahabhutas are responsible for the derivation of different components. Acharya Susruta has also given very brief description of functions of Mahabhutas in the fetal development with few differences from Garbhopanishad. The details are listed in Table 1. Table 1: Derivation of different components from Mahabhutas Sl No Mahabhutas Functions in Embryogenesis Garbhopanishad 5 Acharya Susruta 1 Prtvi Dharana Samhanana 2 Jala Pindikarana Kledana 3 Teja Prakasana Pacana 4 Vayu Vyuhana Vibhajana 5 Akasa Avakasa Vivardhana Table 2: Components derived from Akasha Mahabhuta according to different Acharyas Sr. No Components C.S. 6 A.S. 7 A.H. 8 K.S. 9 1 Sabda Srotrendriya Laghava Saukshmya Viveka Srotas (big & minute) Chidras (Orifices) (Acharya Arunadatta) - C.S-Charaka Samhita, A.S- Ashtanga Samgraha, A.H-Ashtanga Hridaya, K.S-Kasyapa Samhita. AAMJ / Vol. 1 / Issue 5 / Sep Oct

3 Besides above mentioned body parts, Acharya Kasyapa has included Mukha, Kantha and Kostha and Acharya Harita has enumerated Mana, Buddhi, Nidra, Alasya and Mada (Pride). Table 3: Components derived from Vayu Mahabhuta according to different Acharyas Sl. No Components C.S. A.S A.H K.S. H.S. 1 Sparsa Sparsanendriya Raukshya (roughness) Prerana (impulsion) Cesta or parispandana Dhatu vyuhana (formation or transport of Dhatus) Ucchwasa (expiration) C.S-Charaka Samhita, A.S- Ashtanga Samgraha, A.H-Ashtanga Hridaya, K.S-Kasyapa Samhita, H.S-Harita Samhita. Besides this inspiration, opening and closure of eyelids, contraction and relaxation, movement, propulsion and retention are explained by Acharya Caraka; Laghava and Praswasa in Ashtanga Samgraha; Prana and Apana by Acharya Kasyapa and Karna, Sweda, Chankramana (walking) and other characteristics of Vata are explained by Acharya Harita have also been enumerated. Table 4: Components derived from Agni Mahabhuta according to different Acharyas Sl. No. Components C.S. A.S. A.H. K.S. H.S. 1 Rupam Cakshu indriya Pakti (metabolism) Ushma (body heat) + + +* Prakash Pitta (metabolic enzymes) + + +* Teja (brightness & sharpness) Bha (Lusture) Darsana (Visual sence) * Given by Acharya Arunadatta. Besides these Medha, Varna, Saurya is given in Ashtanga Hridaya and Acharya Arunadatta; Santapa (temperature) and Kanti in Ashtanga Samgraha; Sarira-Vrddhi by Acharya Kasyapa, Tama and Krodha by Acharya Harita have been included. Table 5: Components derived from Jala Mahabhuta according to different Acharyas Sl. No. Components C.S. A.S. A.H K.S. H.S. 1 Rasa Rasanendriya Saitya Mardava Sneha Kleda Asrk (blood) Sukra Drava (urine etc watery substance) Vasa or Meda Along with above components, others like all liquids (mobile, dull, soft, and slimy) Rasa, Kapha, Pitta and Sweat by Acharya Caraka; Sweda and Saithilya was explained in Ashtanga Samgraha, Mamsa by Acharya Kasyapa and lala (saliva) by Acharya Harita has been described. AAMJ / Vol. 1 / Issue 5 / Sep Oct

4 Table 6: Components derived from Pritvi Mahabhuta according to different Acharyas Sl. No. Components C.S. A.S. A.H K.S. H.S. 1 Gandha Ghranendriya Gaurava Sthairya (stability) Murti (stiffness) Kesa Asthi Particular functions of Mahabhutas in Garbha: Samhanana, Kledana, Pacana, Vibhajana, Vivardhana are done by Prtvi, Jala, Teja, Vayu and Akasa in Cetana Garbha. (Su.Sa.5/3) 10 A) Shadbhavas & Garbha (Matrijadi Bhavas): Although conjugation of sperm and ovum is necessary for formation of Embryo but various other features are also responsible for that. Thus, the formation of Garbha is said to be from Shadb havas viz Matrija, Pitrija, Rasaja, Atmaja, Sattvaja and Satmyaja Bhavas were illustrated below: A) Body parts derived from Mother: Concept of organogenesis: Sara Dhatu s Pacana, Vibhajana, Vardhana is more than other Dhatus. After fertilization, (in egg), Sara dhatu continues working on every part of the body. Different organs are formed by different Dhatusara. Sarira Avayavas, Dosa, Dhatu, Mala are formed by them. Visudhatara dhatu is called Sara dhatu or Prasada dhatu for (e.g). Jihva is derived from Kapha, Sonita and Mamsa sara. Vrikka is derived from Rakta & Meda sara. Vrsna are made of Mamsa, Asrk, Kapha and Meda prasada. Hridaya is Sonita Kapha- prasadajam. The above references shows that organs are made of excellence of Dhatus liberated from mother s Ahara rasa. Therefore it is concluded that Sara dhatu will affect the development of the organs of fetus. 11 Body parts derived from Mother according to different Acharyas are as follows: Skin, Blood, Muscles, Fat, Umbilicus, Heart, Pancreas, Liver, Spleen, Kidney, Urinary bladder, Rectum, Stomach, Upper part of rectum, Lower part of rectum, Small intestine Large intestine, Bone marrow. B) Body parts derived from Father: Hair (Scalp), Beard and moustache, Hair of body, Teeth, Bones, Veins, Tendons Arteries, Semen, Nail. C) Features derived from Atma: Birth of specific species, Knowledge about oneself, Mana, Respiration and flatus, Impulse, Sustenance, Appearance, Voice, Specific complexion, Happiness & sorrow, Longing and hatred, Consciousness, Dhrti (retention power) Buddhi (knowledge), Smiriti (memory), Pride of egotism, Endeavour, Longevity Perception of indriyas. D) Features developing from Satmya: Freedom from disease, Absence of idleness, Absence of greed, Normal voice Normal complexion, Sampat (Normal) bija, Constant happiness, Medha, Perspicuity of indriyas, High quality oja, Longevity, Strength or energy. Beside these, Acharya Susruta has include vigor or valor, AcharyaVagbhata II adds radiance or splendor and Acharya Kasyapa told elevation or progress and satisfaction in this list. E) Features developing from Rasa: Origin of body or manifestation of different body parts, Growth of body, Attachment of life or strength, Contentment, Nourishment, Enthusiasm or zeal, Energy or strength, Health, Unhealthy state, Complexion, AAMJ / Vol. 1 / Issue 5 / Sep Oct

5 Maintenance, Non-greediness. Acharya Bhavaprakasa has followed Acharya Susruta in all his views. Origin of body or manifestation of different body parts & Growth of body are mostly attached with the mother s food intake during the pregnancy period as well. F) Sattva or Mana as a factor in embryogenesis: Sattva is definitely selfproduced or has relation with the body of previous life. The Sattva being constantly associated with Jiva establishes link with the present body (Atma takes birth only due to association of Mana, when once dissociated, Atma attains salvation). Manasa Bhavas: There are three types of Manasa Bhavas e.g. Sattvika, Rajasika and Tamasika. Their role in Garbha Nirmana is given below: A) Features developing from Sattvika Bhava of Manas Devotion, disposition or habit piousness, hatred, memory, infatuation, Sacrifice or abnegation, jealously, prowess, fear, anger, drowsiness, zeal, hot-subtle or good temper and unsteadiness of Mana, are mentioned as per Caraka Samhita. The features described under psychic constitution are also considered as features of Sattva. In Ashtañga Samgraha, piousness, belief in existence of God, Gratitude, dexterity, and quickness for work, prowess, sobriety, Buddhi, Medha, memory, cleanliness, and interest in religion, devotion, capability of giving up, sexuality and anger and the qualities opposite to Tamas are mentioned. As per Ashtañga Hridaya, piousness, belief in existence of God, cleanliness, interest in religion and Buddhi. Acharya Arunadatta has added pious of words, deeds and thought, gratitude, dexterity, business, sobriety, Medha, memory to the list. B) Features developing from Rajasika Bhava of Mana Talkativeness, arrogance, anger, ego and jealousy are the features derived from Rajasika Bhava according to Ashtañga Samgraha and Hridaya. Others such as prowess, misbehavior with others, greed, happiness and sexuality have been added by Ashtañga Samgraha and Acharya Arunadatta, besides these in Ashtañga Samgraha unworthiness or vileness and pride are also in the list. C) Features developed from Tamasika Bhava of Manas Ignorance, dejection, sleep laziness are features described to be arising from Tamas by Ashtañga Samgraha and Hridaya. In Ashtañga Samgraha, carelessness, hunger, thirst, sorrow, jealously, opposition with others, creation of discord among others and behavior opposite to Sattva are added. CONCLUSION This study reveals that the factors responsible for the development of Garbha given in Brihattrayi (Charaka Samhita, Susruta Samhita & Ashtanga Hridaya) as well in Ashtanga Samgraha, Bhavaprakasa, Harita Samhita & Kasyapa Samhita are relevant even today. But the real fact is that how much we can follow the importance given by our Acharyas? These Knowledge is true & best to follow even in this new era also. The people who ignore these facts will suffer from different types of diseases. So please consider & follow the authenticity of Ayurveda in each and every personal life. REFERENCES 1. Susruta Samhita, Vol. I and II, By Ambikadatta Shastri, Chaukhamba sanskrta samsthana publication. Volume I - 11th edition 1997, Volume II - 16th edition Caraka Samhita, Vol. I and II, By. Bramhanand Tripathi, Chaukhambha Surbharati prakasana, Susruta Samhita Sarirasthana, By. Dr. B. G. Ghanekar Meharchanda Lachmandas publication. 16th edition AAMJ / Vol. 1 / Issue 5 / Sep Oct

6 4. Caraka Samhita of Cakrapanidatta, By. Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji, Chaukambha publication, 1st edition, Garbhopanishad 6. Ashtañga Samgraha of Vagbhatacharya By. Lalchandra Shastri Vaidyanad Acharya Raghuvir Prasad Trivedi, Shri Baidyanath Ayurveda Bhavan publication, 1st edition, Ashtañga Hrdayam of Vagbhata with commentaries of Sarvañgasundari of Aruadatta, Ayurveda Rasayana of Hemadri, By. Dr. Kunte and Pandit Krishnashatri Navare Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Kasyapa Samhita of Vrdha Jivaka, By Satyapala Bhaishgacharya, Chaukhamba sanskrta samsthana publication, 4th edition, SusrutaSamhita Vol. I and II, By. Priyavrat Sharma, Chaukhamba Vishva Bharati publication. Volume I - 1st edition 1999, Volume II - 1st edition Caraka Samhita of Cakrapanidatta, By. Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji, Chaukambha publication, 1st edition, Bhavaprakasa of Shri Bhavamisra, 1st part, By. Bramhasankar Sastri and Rupalaji Vaishya, Chaukhambha sanskrta pratisthana publication, 8 th edition, How to cite this article: Mini K. V. Factors Responsible for the Development of Garbha. AAMJ 2015; 1: Source of Support: Nil. Conflict of Interest: None declared AAMJ / Vol. 1 / Issue 5 / Sep Oct