THE HEIDELBERG CATECHISM

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2 THE HEIDELBERG CATECHISM Reformation Heritage Books Grand Rapids, Michigan

3 The Heidelberg Catechism 2016 by Reformation Heritage Books All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Direct your requests to the publisher at the following addresses: Reformation Heritage Books 2965 Leonard St. NE Grand Rapids, MI / Fax orders@heritagebooks.org Printed in the United States of America / ISBN For additional Reformed literature, request a free book list from Reformation Heritage Books at the above regular or address.

4 THE HEIDELBERG CATECHISM The Heidelberg Catechism was written in Heidelberg, Germany, at the request of Elector Frederick III ( ), ruler of the Palatinate, an influential German province. The pious prince commissioned Zacharius Ursinus ( ), a twenty-eight-year-old professor of theology at Heidelberg University, and Caspar Olevianus ( ), Frederick s twenty-six-year-old court preacher, to prepare a Reformed catechism for instructing young people and guiding pastors and teachers. Ursinus was primarily responsible for the content of the catechism, while Olevianus was probably more involved with final composition and editing. The learning of Ursinus and the eloquence of Olevianus are evident in the final product, which has been called a catechism of unusual power and beauty, an acknowledged masterpiece. Frederick indicates that many others, including the theological faculty and chief officers of the Palatinate church, contributed to the finished document. After the Catechism was approved by a Heidelberg synod in January 1563, three more German editions, each including small additions, as well as a Latin translation were published the same year in Heidelberg. The fourth edition has long been regarded as the official text of the Catechism. The Dutch translation sanctioned by the Synod of Dort, from which our English text is rendered, was made from that edition. When the first edition of the Heidelberg Catechism appeared, the German Bible had not yet been divided into verses. Consequently, the Scripture passages listed in the margin included only book and chapter. Moreover, the Catechism s questions were not numbered. A Latin translation soon rectified these problems by including verse references and numbered

5 2 HEIDELBERG CATECHISM questions. The Catechism was also divided into fifty-two sections so that one section referred to as a Lord s Day could be preached on each Sunday of the year. The Catechism contains more proof texts than most catechisms of its day because its authors wanted it to be an echo of the Bible. The proof texts were to be regarded as an important part of the Catechism, as Frederick notes in the original preface: The Scripture proof by which the faith of the children is confirmed, are such [texts] only as have been selected with great pains from the divinely inspired Scriptures. The Heidelberg Catechism s 129 questions and answers are divided into three parts, patterned after the book of Romans. After a moving introduction about the true believer s comfort, questions 3 11 cover the experience of sin and misery (Rom. 1 3:20); questions cover redemption in Christ and faith (Rom. 3:21 11:36), along with a lengthy exposition of the Apostles Creed and the sacraments; and questions stress true gratitude for God s deliverance (Romans 12 16), primarily through a study of the Ten Commandments and the Lord s Prayer. The Catechism presents doctrines with clarity and warmth. Its content is more subjective than objective, more spiritual than dogmatic. Not surprisingly, this personal, devotional Catechism, as exemplified by its use of personal pronouns, has been called the book of comfort for Christians. Already in 1563 the Catechism was translated into Dutch by Petrus Dathenus and was published in his metrical psalter in Its experiential and practical content won the love of God s people in the Netherlands. Within months after the Catechism was published in Dutch, Peter Gabriel set a precedent for Dutch ministers by preaching from the Catechism every Sunday afternoon. The Catechism was approved by the Synods of Wesel (1568), Emden (1571), Dort (1578), the Hague

6 Introduction 3 (1586), and Dort ( ), which officially adopted it as the second of the Three Forms of Unity. The Synod of Dort also made weekly preaching of the Catechism mandatory. The Heidelberg Catechism has since been translated into all European and dozens of Asiatic and African languages. It has circulated more widely than any other book except the Bible, The Imitation of Christ by Thomas à Kempis, and Pilgrim s Progress by John Bunyan. Soundly Calvinistic, yet moderate in tone and irenic in spirit, this book of comfort remains the most widely used and warmly praised catechism of the Reformation. Joel R. Beeke

7 4 HEIDELBERG CATECHISM LORD S DAY 1 Q. 1: What is thy only comfort in life and death? A. That I with body and soul, both in life and death, 1 am not my own, 2 but belong unto my faithful Savior Jesus Christ; 3 who, with His precious blood, 4 hath fully satisfied for all my sins, 5 and delivered me from all the power of the devil; 6 and so preserves me 7 that without the will of my heavenly Father, not a hair can fall from my head; 8 yea, that all things must be subservient to my salvation, 9 and therefore, by His Holy Spirit, He also assures me of eternal life, 10 and makes me sincerely willing and ready, henceforth, to live unto Him. 11 Q. 2: How many things are necessary for thee to know, that thou, enjoying this comfort, mayest live and die happily? A. Three; 12 the first, how great my sins and miseries are; 13 the second, how I may be delivered from all my sins and miseries; 14 the third, how I shall express my gratitude to God for such deliverance Cor. 6: Rom. 14: Cor. 3: Peter 1: John 1:7 6 1 John 3:8; Heb. 2: John 6:39; John 10: Luke 21:18; Matt. 10:30 9 Rom. 8: Cor. 1:22; 2 Cor. 5:5 11 Rom. 8:14; Rom. 7:22 12 Luke 24: Cor. 6:10 11; John 9:41; Rom. 3:10, John 17:3 15 Eph. 5:8 10 THE FIRST PART OF THE MISERY OF MAN LORD S DAY 2 Q. 3: Whence knowest thou thy misery? A. Out of the law of God. 1 Q. 4: What doth the law of God require of us?

8 Lord s Day 3 5 A. Christ teaches us that briefly, Matthew 22:37 40, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with all thy strength. This is the first and the great commandment; and the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets. 2 Q. 5: Canst thou keep all these things perfectly? A. In no wise; 3 for I am prone by nature to hate God and my neighbor. 4 1 Rom. 3:20 2 Luke 10:27 3 Rom. 3:10; John 1:8 4 Rom. 8:7; Titus 3:3 LORD S DAY 3 Q. 6: Did God then create man so wicked and perverse? A. By no means; but God created man good, 1 and after His own image, in true righteousness and holiness, 2 that he might rightly know God his Creator, heartily love Him and live with Him in eternal happiness to glorify and praise Him. 3 Q. 7: Whence then proceeds this depravity of human nature? A. From the fall and disobedience of our first parents, Adam and Eve, in Paradise; 4 hence our nature is become so corrupt that we are all conceived and born in sin. 5 Q. 8: Are we then so corrupt that we are wholly incapable of doing any good, and inclined to all wickedness? A. Indeed we are, 6 except we are regenerated by the Spirit of God. 7 1 Gen. 1:31 2 Gen. 1:26 27; Col. 3:10; Eph. 4:24 3 Eph. 1:6; 1 Cor. 6:20 4 Gen. 3:6; Rom. 5:12, Ps. 51:5; Gen. 5:3 6 Gen. 6:5; Job 14:4; Job 15:14, 16 7 John 3:5; Eph. 2:5